Elasticsearch数据库 | Elasticsearch-7.5.0应用搭建实战

Elasticsearch 是一个可用于分布式以及符合RESTful 风格的搜索和数据分析引擎。—— Elastic Stack 官网

搭建Elasticsearch的“那些事儿"

有一天，在黄金梅丽号的甲板上，韦柏告诉萨博，需要在接下来的项目开发过程中，运用到Elasticsearch数据库，主要用于黄金梅丽号上的各种设备采集数据实时查询，或许后期还会运用于分布式日志系统的搭建运用等，让萨博先做一次技术预研。于是，在萨博查询大量的资料发现，关于Elasticsearch数据库的搭建，网上的资料几乎是千篇一律，或者多数都是没有一个完整的流程。甚至，还发现，对于Elasticsearch数据库实际应用方面，大多数海贼只局限于ELK等这样的情况，就像是大多数海贼提到Redis，就只觉得这个玩意儿，只能用于缓存层面，但是实际上人家的功能强大到超出了海贼的想象空间。甚至于，萨博在一个阿里巴巴的地方，找到了关于Elasticsearch数据库免费试用的资源，但是对于免费的午餐，也许那一天收费之后，那就只能用一首“浪浪”来祭奠这万恶的黄金之恶。于是在萨博精心研究和分析发现，除了传统部署Elasticsearch数据库之外，有个叫Docker 的东西，除了能够稳定运行Elasticsearch数据库之外，还能节省不少的服务器内存。于是呀，萨博就开始了探索在Docker上搭建Elasticsearch之之路......

Docker部署Elasticsearch的“那些事儿"

1.基础先决条件

阿里云或者虚拟机VM主机一个，并且自行装有Docker容器：

ps[⚠️注意事项]：
对于Docker安装请参考：Linux环境基于CentOS7 搭建部署Docker容器

2.最大文件打开数

[2.1]参数优化：ulimit -a |grep open

[root@centos-meteor ~]# ulimit -a |grep open
open files   (-n) 65535
[root@centos-meteor ~]# 

[2.2] 修改配置文件： /etc/security/limits.conf

#在最下边添加如下两行
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nproc 2048
* hard nproc 4096

[2.3] 确认是否修改： ulimit -a |grep open

[root@centos-meteor ~]# ulimit -a |grep open
open files   (-n) 65535
[root@centos-meteor ~]# 

3.调整系统进程数

修改方法：vim /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf

#调整成以下配置
*          soft    nproc     4096
root       soft    nproc     unlimited

4.调整虚拟内存和最大并发连接数

虚拟内存（Virtual memory）->vm.max_map_count
Elasticsearch默认使用 hybrid mmapfs / niofs 目录来存储索引。默认操作系统对mmap计数的限制太低，可能引发内存不足的异常

[1]临时解决方法：

sysctl –w vm.max_map_count=262144
sysctl –w vm.max_map_count=262144

如果不优化会出现启动Elasticsearch的时候会出现如下提示：

max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65535] is too low, increase to at least [262144]

[2]永久生效方案：更新系统文件/etc/sysctl.conf的vm.max_map_count字段
执行命令：vim /etc/sysctl.conf

[root@turbo-master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@turbo-master ~]#
#Settings Elasticsearch Virtual Memory—>655360
vm.max_map_count=655360
fs.file-max=655360
vm.overcommit_memory=1

加载到系统：sysctl -p --load /etc/sysctl.conf

[root@centos-meteor elasticsearch]# sysctl -p --load /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.swappiness = 0
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 120
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
kernel.sysrq = 1
vm.max_map_count = 655360
fs.file-max = 655360
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
[root@centos-meteor elasticsearch]#

5.关闭elasticsearch自检测

在elasticsearch.yml中添加配置项：

bootstrap.memory_lock: false
bootstrap.system_call_filter: false

ps[⚠️注意事项]：
主要是避免以下问题：
[1]最大文件打开数: max file descriptors [1024] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65536]
[2]调整虚拟内存和最大并发连接数: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
[3]关闭elasticsearch自检测: system call filters failed to install; check the logs and fix your configuration or disable system call filters at your own risk
[4]调整系统进程数: max number of threads [1024] for user [lish] likely too low, increase to at least [2048]

实战部署ElasticSearch服务

Docker 部署应用服务的基本步骤：Search[查询镜像]->Pull[拉取镜像]->Run[部署镜像]

1.查询Elasticsearch 镜像：

docker search elasticsearch 

ps[注意事项]：

1. 一般拉取镜像资源都是从Docker官方仓库[docker-hub]拉取，或者自己构建的Docker云仓库aliyun-docker 等
2. 本教程选取的ELK镜像均是基于ELK官方Docker仓库elastic-io

2.拉取Elasticsearch 镜像：

docker pull docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.3.1

ps[注意事项]：
1.本教程采用7.3.x版本，目前最新版本7.4.x[主要用7.3.x版本在阿里云搭建过，避免入坑问题]
2.拉取的过程中可能会出现[net/http: TLS handshake timeout]问题,多尝试几次,主要是网络带宽限制问题

3.修改镜像名称:

docker tag docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.3.1  elasticsearch:latest

ps[注意事项]：
1.名称过长导致查看些许不便，通过docker tag source-image[来源镜像] target-image[目标镜像]，推荐统一采用[target-image:target-version]格式定义，且不占用空间，相当于重命名镜像
2.对于拉取kibana[docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:7.3.1]和logstash[docker.elastic.co/logstash/logstash:7.3.1] 都建议修改。

4.部署镜像服务：
部署命令：

docker run -itd -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --restart=always --privileged=true --name elasticsearch-server -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms=512m -Xms=512m" elasticsearch:latest

默认配置目录：

/usr/share/elasticsearch/config
/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs

查看容器列表：

docker ps --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Names}}\t{{.Ports}}"
![docker ps]

(https://ftp.bmp.ovh/imgs/2019...
ps[注意事项]:

1.需要开放端口[9200和9300]->9200作为Http协议，主要用于外部通讯,9300作为Tcp协议，jar之间就是通过tcp协议通讯,通常部署集群就是通过9300通信。推荐[宿主机自定义端口:9200]
2.--restart=always :配置容器重启策略,当宿主机重启由于配置了开机自启动，不用手动启动
3.--privileged：配置容器操作权限[true-root操作权限，false-当前容器用户操作权限]
4.对于部署网络模式推荐默认桥接模式,也自定义可以host模式等

5.修改配置：
进入容器：docker exec -it container-id[容器id] or container-name[容器名称] /bin/bash
例如：docker exec -it f2d2e97da375 /bin/bash #f2d2e97da375-> container-id

修改配置文件:

[root@f2d2e97da375 elasticsearch]# ls 
LICENSE.txt  NOTICE.txt  README.textile  bin  config  data  jdk  lib  logs  modules  plugins
[root@f2d2e97da375 elasticsearch]# 
[root@f2d2e97da375 elasticsearch]# cd config  
[root@f2d2e97da375 config]# ls
elasticsearch.keystore  elasticsearch.yml  jvm.options  log4j2.properties  role_mapping.yml  roles.yml  users  users_roles
[root@f2d2e97da375 config]# vi elasticsearch.yml 

添加跨域配置：http.cors.enabled: true && http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

cluster.name: "docker-cluster"
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

然后退出exit容器，在宿主机重启容器：docker restart container-id[容器id] or container-name[容器名称]
docker restart f2d2e97da375

[root@f2d2e97da375 config]# exit
exit
[root@centos-meteor ~]# docker restart f2d2e97da375
f2d2e97da375
[root@centos-meteor ~]# 

ps[注意事项]：
1.进入容器方式：包括使用 docker attach 命令或 docker exec 命令，
推荐使用 docker exec 命令。原因：

• docker attach: 使用exit退出容器，会导致容器的停止
• docker exec：使用exit退出容器，不会导致容器的停止
• 参考docker进入容器的几种方法博客-docker进入容器的几种方法

2.如果Docker安装了可视化界面 Portainer，推荐采用这种方式进入容器：

搭建部署ElasticSearch-Head服务

ElasticSearch-Head：弹性搜索集群的Web前端界面，是使用Nodjs构建的，主要用于查看ElasticSearch相关信息

1.拉取Elasticsearch-Head 镜像：docker pull mobz/elasticsearch-head:5

[root@centos-amber ~]# docker pull mobz/elasticsearch-head:5
5: Pulling from mobz/elasticsearch-head
75a822cd7888: Pull complete 
57de64c72267: Pull complete 
4306be1e8943: Pull complete 
871436ab7225: Pull complete 
0110c26a367a: Pull complete 
1f04fe713f1b: Pull complete 
723bac39028e: Pull complete 
7d8cb47f1c60: Pull complete 
7328dcf65c42: Pull complete 
b451f2ccfb9a: Pull complete 
304d5c28a4cf: Pull complete 
4cf804850db1: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:55a3c82dd4ba776e304b09308411edd85de0dc9719f9d97a2f33baa320223f34
Status: Downloaded newer image for mobz/elasticsearch-head:5
docker.io/mobz/elasticsearch-head:5
[root@centos-amber ~]# 

2.修改Elasticsearch-Head 镜像名称：docker tag  mobz/elasticsearch-head:5   elasticsearch-head:latest

[root@centos-amber ~]# docker tag  mobz/elasticsearch-head:5        elasticsearch-head:latest
[root@centos-amber ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                      TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
grafana/grafana                                 latest              05d1bcf30d16        7 days ago          207MB
nginx                                           latest              540a289bab6c        3 weeks ago         126MB
prom/prometheus                                 latest              2c8e464e47f4        3 weeks ago         129MB
moxm/sentinel-dashboard                         latest              0ccaac81584e        4 weeks ago         167MB
portainer                                       latest              4cda95efb0e4        4 weeks ago         80.6MB
portainer/portainer                             latest              4cda95efb0e4        4 weeks ago         80.6MB
apache/skywalking-ui                            latest              fa66ca9c9862        2 months ago        123MB
apache/skywalking-oap-server                    latest              376a37cdf65c        2 months ago        190MB
docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana                 7.3.1               b54865ba6b0b        2 months ago        1.01GB
docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch   7.3.1               3d3aa92f641f        2 months ago        807MB
elasticsearch                                   latest              3d3aa92f641f        2 months ago        807MB
prom/node-exporter                              latest              e5a616e4b9cf        5 months ago        22.9MB
google/cadvisor                                 latest              eb1210707573        12 months ago       69.6MB
elasticsearch-head                              latest              b19a5c98e43b        2 years ago         824MB
mobz/elasticsearch-head                         5                   b19a5c98e43b        2 years ago         824MB
tutum/influxdb                                  latest              c061e5808198        3 years ago         290MB
[root@centos-amber ~]# 

3.部署Elasticsearch-Head 容器：

docker run -itd --restart=always --privileged=true -p 9100:9100 --name elasticsearch-head-server elasticsearch-head:latest

查看容器服务：

docker ps --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Names}}\t{{.Ports}}"

4.浏览器访问：http://remote-ip:9100/

实战测试ElasticSearch-Head服务

1.准备数据：

{
    "companyId": "ebcb4f99e0cb4ad781278ae636c1031f",
    "classifyName": "激素检测",
    "deviceType": "激素检测",
    "data": {
        "deviceId": "20000060100000002",
        "deviceNo": "QC00020000060100000002",
        "appid": "00000000",
        "sim": "89860404191792655118",
        "csq": "30",
        "electric": "98",
        "voltage": "13279",
        "softVer": "5143000500010601-01020006|5143000500010601-01010003",
        "hardVer": "5143000500010601-00000002|5143000500010601-00000002",
        "status": "0",
        "date": "2020-09-13 11:23:52",
        "elements": [
            {
                "key": "20",
                "value": "10",
                "time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52"
            },
            {
                "key": "21",
                "value": "11",
                "time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52"
            },
            {
                "key": "22",
                "value": "12",
                "time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52"
            },
            {
                "key": "23",
                "value": "13",
                "time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52"
            }
        ]
    }
}

2.设置请求头：application/json;charset=UTF-8

3.发送PUT请求：http://remote-ip/device/devic...

{
    "_index": "device",
    "_type": "deviceData",
    "_id": "QC00020000060100000002",
    "_version": 1,
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "created": true
}

4.打开浏览器查看结果：

实战搭建ElasticSearch总结

1.部署基本命令：

docker run -itd -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --restart=always --privileged=true --name elasticsearch-server --network-alias elasticsearch-server --hostname elasticsearch-server -v /docker/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml -v /docker/elasticsearch/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data -v /docker/elasticsearch/logs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs  -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms512m -Xmx512m -Xmn256m -XX:MetaspaceSize=128m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=320m -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -XX:-UseBiasedLocking " -e TZ="Asia/Shanghai"  elasticsearch:latest

2.配置文件[elasticsearch.yml ]:

cluster.name: elasticsearch-cluster
node.name: elasticsearch-server
network.host: 0.0.0.0
network.bind_host: 0.0.0.0
network.publish_host: 0.0.0.0
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
bootstrap.memory_lock: false
bootstrap.system_call_filter: false
transport.tcp.port: 9300
transport.tcp.compress: true
http.max_content_length: 128mb

3.分词插件安装：

./bin/elasticsearch-plugin install https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases/download/v7.5.0/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.5.0.zip

4.Docker 部署 ElasticSearch-Head：

docker run -itd --restart=always --privileged=true -p 9100:9100 --network-alias elasticsearch-head-server --name elasticsearch-head-server --hostname elasticsearch-head-server -v /docker/elasticsearch-head/app:/usr/src/app elasticsearch-head:latest

5.ElasticSearch-Head 使用406错误：

ajaxSettings部分json配置：

    ajaxSettings: {
      url: ajaxLocation,
      isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test(ajaxLocParts[1]),
      global: true,
      type: "GET",
      //contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
      contentType: "application/json;charset=UTF-8",
      processData: true,
      async: true,
      /*
        timeout: 0,
        data: null,
        dataType: null,
        username: null,
        password: null,
        cache: null,
        traditional: false,
        headers: {},
        */

      accepts: {
        xml: "application/xml, text/xml",
        html: "text/html",
        text: "text/plain",
        json: "application/json, text/javascript",
        "*": "*/*",
      },

inspectData 部分json配置：

  // Detect, normalize options and install callbacks for jsonp requests
  jQuery.ajaxPrefilter("json jsonp", function (s, originalSettings, jqXHR) {
    //var inspectData = s.contentType === "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" &&
    var inspectData =
      (s.contentType === "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" &&
        typeof s.data === "string") ||
      (s.contentType === "application/json;charset=UTF-8" &&
        typeof s.data === "string");

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