从零开始学Laravel（一）Laravel安装配置编写简单api接口

我是Java转的php，这两天开始学习php,但是因为赶进度学的很快，3天功夫就开始搭建Laravel框架了，只是说是知其然而不知其所以然，相当于从零开始，写的学习Laraveldemo的源码在我的github akaedison/blog (github.com) 上，大家刚开始学的话可以参照一下。

一.Laravel的安装与配置

1.下载Composer-Setup.exe (getcomposer.org)并安装
2.移动到xampp/hotdocs文件夹，执行以下命令

php composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blog

3.用PhpStorm打开可以看到如图项目结构

4.可以直接输入命令 php artisan serve 运行，也可以访问apache,显示如下图表示成功

这时Laravel就安装成功了。
5.修改.env文件中的数据库信息

二.编写api接口

1.新建数据库建表插入数据

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book`;
CREATE TABLE `book`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `book_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `book_sort` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `book_mark` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of book
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `book` VALUES (1, '水浒传', 1, '四大名著');
INSERT INTO `book` VALUES (2, '西游记', 1, '孙悟空');
INSERT INTO `book` VALUES (3, '红楼梦', 2, '无');
INSERT INTO `book` VALUES (4, '三国演义', 2, '');

3.新建Model和Controller

php artisan make:model Models/Book
php artisan make:controller BookController

修改Book.php

<?php
namespace AppModelsModels;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentFactoriesHasFactory;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;
class Book extends Model
{
 use HasFactory;
 /**关联到模型的数据表
 * @var string
 */ protected $table = 'book';
 /**Laravel有默认时间字段，不需要可以修改成 false
 * @var bool
 */ public $timestamps = false;
}

4.创建简单的api
编写BookController.php

<?php
namespace AppHttpControllers;
use AppModelsModelsBook;
use IlluminateHttpRequest;
class BookController extends Controller
{
 public function getBookById($id)
 { // 根据id查询
 $book = Book::find($id);
 // return response()是返回想要 json()转换成json字符串但是是unicode setEncodingOptions设置编码
 return response()->json($book)->setEncodingOptions(JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
 }
}

编写 routes/api.php

<?php
use IlluminateHttpRequest;
use IlluminateSupportFacadesRoute;
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| API Routes
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here is where you can register API routes for your application. These
| routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which
| is assigned the "api" middleware group. Enjoy building your API!
|
*/
Route::middleware('auth:api')->get('/user', function (Request $request) {
 return $request->user();
});
Route::any('/book/{id}',[AppHttpControllersBookController::class,'getBookById']);

5.php artisan serve或者直接访问apache

一个简单接口的编写到此结束，这样写起来很简单，但是中间也遇到了点小问题，比如MySQL编码问题，Navcat有很大的问题，show variables like 'char%';在MySQL cmd中显示是utf-8但是在navcat中却成了latin,这个要在navcat连接那里编辑编码为自动,这样就可以和系统的一样了。