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前言

许多文章都是分析的 xml 配置,但是现在 Spring Boot 开发多基于注解。本文从注解的角度分析 Spring IOC 容器源码。

版本:

  • Spring Boot:2.1.6.RELEASE
  • Spring FrameWork:5.1.8.RELEASE
  • Java 8

文章部分内容参考自:https://www.javadoop.com/post...

BeanDefinition

BeanDefinition 接口定义了一个包含属性、构造器参数、其他具体信息的 bean 实例。

public interface BeanDefinition extends AttributeAccessor, BeanMetadataElement {

    // ConfigurableBeanFactory 中只有 2 种:singleton 和 prototype。
    // request, session 等是基于 Web 的扩展
    String SCOPE_SINGLETON = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_SINGLETON;
    String SCOPE_PROTOTYPE = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE;
    
    // 不重要
    int ROLE_APPLICATION = 0;
    int ROLE_SUPPORT = 1;
    int ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE = 2;


    // 设置父 Bean 的信息(继承父 Bean 的配置信息)
    void setParentName(@Nullable String parentName);
    
    @Nullable
    String getParentName();

    // 设置 Bean 的类名称,要通过反射来生成实例
    void setBeanClassName(@Nullable String beanClassName);

    // 返回当前 Bean 的 class name
    String getBeanClassName();


    void setScope(@Nullable String scope);

    @Nullable
    String getScope();

    // 是否延迟初始化
    void setLazyInit(boolean lazyInit);

    boolean isLazyInit();

    // 设置该 Bean 依赖的所有的 Bean,并非 @Autowire 标记的
    void setDependsOn(@Nullable String... dependsOn);

    @Nullable
    String[] getDependsOn();

    // 设置该 Bean 是否可以注入到其他 Bean 中,只对根据类型注入有效,
   // 如果根据名称注入,即使这边设置了 false,也是可以的
    void setAutowireCandidate(boolean autowireCandidate);

    boolean isAutowireCandidate();

    // 同一接口的多个实现,如果不指定名字,Spring 会优先选择设置 primary 为 true 的 bean
    void setPrimary(boolean primary);

    boolean isPrimary();

    // 如果该 Bean 采用工厂方法生成,指定工厂名称;否则用反射生成
    void setFactoryBeanName(@Nullable String factoryBeanName);

    @Nullable
    String getFactoryBeanName();

    // 指定工厂类中的 工厂方法名称
    void setFactoryMethodName(@Nullable String factoryMethodName);

    @Nullable
    String getFactoryMethodName();

    // 返回该 bean 的构造器参数
    ConstructorArgumentValues getConstructorArgumentValues();

    default boolean hasConstructorArgumentValues() {
        return !getConstructorArgumentValues().isEmpty();
    }

    // Bean 中的属性值,返回的实例在 bean factory post-processing 期间会被更改
    MutablePropertyValues getPropertyValues();

    default boolean hasPropertyValues() {
        return !getPropertyValues().isEmpty();
    }

    void setInitMethodName(@Nullable String initMethodName);

    @Nullable
    String getInitMethodName();

    void setDestroyMethodName(@Nullable String destroyMethodName);

    @Nullable
    String getDestroyMethodName();

    
    void setRole(int role);
    int getRole();
    void setDescription(@Nullable String description);
    @Nullable
    String getDescription();

    // Read-only attributes
    boolean isSingleton();
    boolean isPrototype();
    boolean isAbstract();
    @Nullable
    String getResourceDescription();
    @Nullable
    BeanDefinition getOriginatingBeanDefinition();
}

AnnotationConfigUtils#processCommonDefinitionAnnotations(...)

static void processCommonDefinitionAnnotations(AnnotatedBeanDefinition abd, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
    AnnotationAttributes lazy = attributesFor(metadata, Lazy.class);
    if (lazy != null) {
        abd.setLazyInit(lazy.getBoolean("value"));
    }
    else if (abd.getMetadata() != metadata) {
        lazy = attributesFor(abd.getMetadata(), Lazy.class);
        if (lazy != null) {
            abd.setLazyInit(lazy.getBoolean("value"));
        }
    }

    if (metadata.isAnnotated(Primary.class.getName())) {
        abd.setPrimary(true);
    }
    AnnotationAttributes dependsOn = attributesFor(metadata, DependsOn.class);
    if (dependsOn != null) {
        abd.setDependsOn(dependsOn.getStringArray("value"));
    }

    AnnotationAttributes role = attributesFor(metadata, Role.class);
    if (role != null) {
        abd.setRole(role.getNumber("value").intValue());
    }
    AnnotationAttributes description = attributesFor(metadata, Description.class);
    if (description != null) {
        abd.setDescription(description.getString("value"));
    }
}

可以看到,processCommonDefinitionAnnotations 方法会根据注解来填充 AnnotatedBeanDefinition,这些注解有:

  • Lazy
  • Primary
  • DependsOn
  • Role
  • Description

向上查看调用,发现会在 ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader#registerBeanDefinitionForImportedConfigurationClass 将其注册为一个 bean definition。

private void registerBeanDefinitionForImportedConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClass configClass) {
    AnnotationMetadata metadata = configClass.getMetadata();
    AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition configBeanDef = new AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition(metadata);

    ScopeMetadata scopeMetadata = scopeMetadataResolver.resolveScopeMetadata(configBeanDef);
    configBeanDef.setScope(scopeMetadata.getScopeName());
    String configBeanName = this.importBeanNameGenerator.generateBeanName(configBeanDef, this.registry);
    // 1. 通过注解填充 configBeanDef
    AnnotationConfigUtils.processCommonDefinitionAnnotations(configBeanDef, metadata);

    BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(configBeanDef, configBeanName);
    definitionHolder = AnnotationConfigUtils.applyScopedProxyMode(scopeMetadata, definitionHolder, this.registry);
    // 2. 将 bean definition 注册到 registry 中
    this.registry.registerBeanDefinition(definitionHolder.getBeanName(), definitionHolder.getBeanDefinition());
    configClass.setBeanName(configBeanName);

    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
        logger.trace("Registered bean definition for imported class '" + configBeanName + "'");
    }
}

最终会被 AbstractApplicationContext#refresh 的 invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory) 方法调用。

@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
    synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
        // Prepare this context for refreshing.
        prepareRefresh();

        // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

        // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
        prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

        try {
            // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
            postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

            // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
            invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

            // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
            registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

            // Initialize message source for this context.
            initMessageSource();

            // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
            initApplicationEventMulticaster();

            // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
            onRefresh();

            // Check for listener beans and register them.
            registerListeners();

            // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
            finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

            // Last step: publish corresponding event.
            finishRefresh();
        }

        ...
    }
}

BeanFactory 简介

BeanFactory 是生产 bean 的工厂,它负责生产和管理各个 bean 实例。从下图可以看到,ApplicationContext 也是一个 BeanFactory。如果说 BeanFactory 是 Spring 的心脏,那么 ApplicationContext 就是完整的身躯。

ApplicationContext 是应用程序运行时提供配置信息的通用接口。ApplicationContext 在程序运行时是不可更改的,但是实现类可以重新再入配置信息。

ApplicationContext 的实现类有很多,比如 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext, AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext, ClassPathXmlApplicationContext, FileSystemXmlApplicationContext, XmlWebApplicationContext 等。我们上面分析的就是 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext,其采用注解的方式提供配置信息,这样我们就不用写 XML 配置文件了,非常简洁。

Web 容器启动过程

本文使用 Spring Boot 开发,其启动的代码是:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
public class AppApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppApplication.class, args);
    }

}

核心的点是这一句:

SpringApplication.run(AppApplication.class, args);

SpringApplication 的代码就不分析了,明确本次看源码的目的是分析容器源码,Spring Boot 的启动过程和其他信息都忽略了,因为 Spring 代码实在是庞杂。分析上面的 run 方法,最终会追踪到 SpringApplication#run(...) 方法。

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start();
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
    configureHeadlessProperty();
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.starting();
    try {
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
        ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
        configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
        Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
        context = createApplicationContext();
        exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
                new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
        prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
        refreshContext(context);
        afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
        stopWatch.stop();
        if (this.logStartupInfo) {
            new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
        }
        listeners.started(context);
        callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
        throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }

    try {
        listeners.running(context);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
        throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
    return context;
}

跟 context 相关的,是下面这 3 句代码:

prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);

refreshContext 方法就是刷新给定的 context:

private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
    refresh(context);
    if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
        try {
            context.registerShutdownHook();
        }
        catch (AccessControlException ex) {
            // Not allowed in some environments.
        }
    }
}
protected void refresh(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
    Assert.isInstanceOf(AbstractApplicationContext.class, applicationContext);
    ((AbstractApplicationContext) applicationContext).refresh();
}

会发现最终调用到了 AbstractApplicationContext#refresh 方法。注释参考自:https://www.javadoop.com/post...

@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
   // 来个锁,不然 refresh() 还没结束,你又来个启动或销毁容器的操作,那不就乱套了嘛
   synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {

      // 准备工作,记录下容器的启动时间、标记“已启动”状态、处理配置文件中的占位符
      prepareRefresh();

      // 这步比较关键,这步完成后,配置文件就会解析成一个个 Bean 定义,注册到 BeanFactory 中,
      // 当然,这里说的 Bean 还没有初始化,只是配置信息都提取出来了,
      // 注册也只是将这些信息都保存到了注册中心(说到底核心是一个 beanName-> beanDefinition 的 map)
      ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

      // 设置 BeanFactory 的类加载器,添加几个 BeanPostProcessor,手动注册几个特殊的 bean
      prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

      try {
         // 【这里需要知道 BeanFactoryPostProcessor 这个知识点,Bean 如果实现了此接口,
         // 那么在容器初始化以后,Spring 会负责调用里面的 postProcessBeanFactory 方法。】

         // 这里是提供给子类的扩展点,到这里的时候,所有的 Bean 都加载、注册完成了,但是都还没有初始化
         // 具体的子类可以在这步的时候添加一些特殊的 BeanFactoryPostProcessor 的实现类或做点什么事
         postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
         // 调用 BeanFactoryPostProcessor 各个实现类的 postProcessBeanFactory(factory) 方法
         invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // 注册 BeanPostProcessor 的实现类,注意看和 BeanFactoryPostProcessor 的区别
         // 此接口两个方法: postProcessBeforeInitialization 和 postProcessAfterInitialization
         // 两个方法分别在 Bean 初始化之前和初始化之后得到执行。注意,到这里 Bean 还没初始化
         registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // 初始化当前 ApplicationContext 的 MessageSource,国际化这里就不展开说了,不然没完没了了
         initMessageSource();

         // 初始化当前 ApplicationContext 的事件广播器,这里也不展开了
         initApplicationEventMulticaster();

         // 从方法名就可以知道,典型的模板方法(钩子方法),
         // 具体的子类可以在这里初始化一些特殊的 Bean(在初始化 singleton beans 之前)
         onRefresh();

         // 注册事件监听器,监听器需要实现 ApplicationListener 接口。这也不是我们的重点,过
         registerListeners();

         // 重点,重点,重点
         // 初始化所有的 singleton beans
         //(lazy-init 的除外)
         finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

         // 最后,广播事件,ApplicationContext 初始化完成
         finishRefresh();
      }

      catch (BeansException ex) {
         if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                  "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
         }

         // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
         // 销毁已经初始化的 singleton 的 Beans,以免有些 bean 会一直占用资源
         destroyBeans();

         // Reset 'active' flag.
         cancelRefresh(ex);

         throw ex;
      }

      finally {
         // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
         // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
         resetCommonCaches();
      }
   }
}

核心流程就是 try 代码块里的内容,我们应该了解整体原理,本篇文章并不能逐行逐句分析。如果那样做,完全就变成一部字典了……

bean 的加载

bean 加载的调用函数:org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean

protected <T> T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class<T> requiredType,
        @Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {

    // 提取对应 bean 的名字
    final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
    Object bean;

    // 1. 重要,重要,重要!
    // 创建单例 bean 避免循环依赖,尝试从缓存中获取
    Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
    if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
                logger.trace("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
                        "' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
            }
            else {
                logger.trace("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
            }
        }
        bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
    }

    else {
        // 存在循环依赖
        if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
            // 原型模式直接抛出异常(循环依赖仅能在单例模式下解决)
            throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
        }

        // Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
        BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
        if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
            // Not found -> check parent.
            String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
            if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {
                return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(
                        nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);
            }
            else if (args != null) {
                // Delegation to parent with explicit args.
                return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
            }
            else if (requiredType != null) {
                // No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
                return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
            }
            else {
                return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup);
            }
        }

        // 如果不是仅仅做类型检查,则是创建 bean,需要做记录
        if (!typeCheckOnly) {
            markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
        }

        try {
            // 获取 RootBeanDefinition,如果指定 beanName 是子 bean 的话,需要合并父类属性
            final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
            checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);

            // 若存在依赖,需要递归实例化依赖的 bean
            String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
            if (dependsOn != null) {
                for (String dep : dependsOn) {
                    if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
                        throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                                "Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
                    }
                    registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
                    try {
                        getBean(dep);
                    }
                    catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
                        throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                                "'" + beanName + "' depends on missing bean '" + dep + "'", ex);
                    }
                }
            }

            // 创建 bean 实例
            
            // Singleton 模式的创建
            if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
                sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
                    try {
                        return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                    }
                    catch (BeansException ex) {
                        // Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
                        // eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
                        // Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
                        destroySingleton(beanName);
                        throw ex;
                    }
                });
                bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
            }

            // Prototype 模式的创建
            else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
                Object prototypeInstance = null;
                try {
                    beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
                    prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                }
                finally {
                    afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
                }
                bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
            }

            else {
                String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
                final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
                if (scope == null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
                }
                try {
                    Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
                        beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
                        try {
                            return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                        }
                        finally {
                            afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
                        }
                    });
                    bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                }
                catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
                    throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
                            "Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
                            "defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
                            ex);
                }
            }
        }
        catch (BeansException ex) {
            cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
            throw ex;
        }
    }

    // 检测 requiredType 是否为 bean 的实际类型,不是则转换,不成功则抛出异常
    if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
        try {
            T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
            if (convertedBean == null) {
                throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
            }
            return convertedBean;
        }
        catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
                        ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
            }
            throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
        }
    }
    return (T) bean;
}

可以看到 bean 的加载是相当复杂的。加载的步骤大致如下:

  1. 转换对应 beanName
  2. 尝试从缓存中加载单例
  3. bean 的实例化
  4. 原型模式的依赖检查
  5. 检测 parentBeanFactory
  6. 将配置文件转换为 RootBeanDefinition
  7. 寻找依赖
  8. 针对不同的 scope 进行 bean 的创建
  9. 类型转换

FactoryBean

前面提到了 BeanFactory,这里又来了个 FactoryBean …… 据说 Spring 提供了 70 多个 FactoryBean 的实现,可见其在 Spring 框架中的地位。它们隐藏了实例化复杂 bean 的细节,给上层应用带来便捷。

public interface FactoryBean<T> {

    // 返回 FactoryBean 创建的 bean 实例,如果 isSingleton() 返回 true,则该实例会放到 Spring 容器的单例缓存池中
    @Nullable
    T getObject() throws Exception;

    // 返回 FactoryBean 创建的 bean 类型
    @Nullable
    Class<?> getObjectType();

    default boolean isSingleton() {
        return true;
    }
}

循环依赖

循环依赖就是循环引用,两个或多个 bean 相互之间持有对方。那么 Spring 是如何解决循环依赖的?

在 Spring 中循环依赖一共有 3 种情况:

  1. 构造器循环依赖
  2. setter 循环依赖
  3. prototype 范围的依赖处理

其中构造器循环依赖是无法解决的,因为一个 bean 创建时首先要经过构造器,但是构造器相互依赖,就相当于 Java 中多线程死锁。

setter 注入造成的依赖是通过 Spring 容器提前暴露刚完成构造器注入但未完成其他步骤(如 setter 注入)的 bean 来完成的,而且只能解决单例作用域的 bean 循环依赖。通过提前暴露一个单例工厂方法,从而使其他 bean 能引用到该 bean,代码如下:

@Nullable
protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
    Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
    if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
        synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
            singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
            if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
                ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
                if (singletonFactory != null) {
                    singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
                    this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
                    this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return singletonObject;
}

其中 earlySingletonObjects 的定义为:

/** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */
private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<>(16);

对于 prototype 作用域的 bean,Spring 容器无法完成依赖注入,因为 Spring 容器不缓存 prototype 作用域的 bean。

bean 生命周期

面试的话,Spring 的核心就在这里了,不过只要记住大体流程就行。

公众号

coding 笔记、点滴记录,以后的文章也会同步到公众号(Coding Insight)中,希望大家关注^_^

代码和思维导图在 GitHub 项目中,欢迎大家 star!


LjyYano
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