数据库是业务应用的核心,本节主要讲解gin框架(Go语言)操作原生数据库、go语言数据库ORM框架(gorm和xorm)。

1.原生数据库

package main
 
import (
    "database/sql"
    "fmt"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
    "net/http"
)
 
var sqlDb *sql.DB           //数据库连接db
var sqlResponse SqlResponse //响应client的数据
func init() {
    //1、打开数据库
    //parseTime:时间格式转换(查询结果为时间时,是否自动解析为时间);
    // loc=Local:MySQL的时区设置
    sqlStr := "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/testdb?charset=utf8&parseTime=true&loc=Local"
    var err error
    sqlDb, err = sql.Open("mysql", sqlStr)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("数据库打开出现了问题:", err)
        return
    }
    //2、 测试与数据库建立的连接(校验连接是否正确)
    err = sqlDb.Ping()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("数据库连接出现了问题:", err)
        return
    }
}
 
//Client提交的数据
type SqlUser struct {
    Name    string `json:"name"`
    Age     int    `json:"age"`
    Address string `json:"address"`
}
 
//应答体(响应client的请求)
type SqlResponse struct {
    Code    int         `json:"code"`
    Message string      `json:"message"`
    Data    interface{} `json:"data"`
}
 
func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    //数据库的CRUD--->gin的 post、get、put、delete方法
    r.POST("sql/insert", insertData) //添加数据
    r.GET("sql/get",getData) //查询数据(单条记录)
    r.GET("sql/mulget",getMulData)//查询数据(多条记录)
    r.PUT("sql/update",updateData)//更新数据
    r.DELETE("sql/delete",deleteData)//删除数据
    r.Run(":9090")
}
 
func deleteData(c *gin.Context) {
    name:=c.Query("name")
    var count int
    //1、先查询
    sqlStr:="select count(*) from user where name=?"
    err := sqlDb.QueryRow(sqlStr, name).Scan(&count)
    if  count<=0||err!=nil{
        sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        sqlResponse.Message = "删除的数据不存在"
        sqlResponse.Data = "error"
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
        return
    }
    //2、再删除
    delStr:="delete from user where name=?"
    ret, err := sqlDb.Exec(delStr, name)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("delete failed, err:%v\n", err)
        sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        sqlResponse.Message = "删除失败"
        sqlResponse.Data = "error"
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
        return
    }
    sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusOK
    sqlResponse.Message = "删除成功"
    sqlResponse.Data = "OK"
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
    fmt.Println(ret.LastInsertId()) //打印结果
}
 
func updateData(c *gin.Context) {
    var u SqlUser
    err := c.Bind(&u)
    if err != nil {
        sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        sqlResponse.Message = "参数错误"
        sqlResponse.Data = "error"
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
        return
    }
    sqlStr:="update user set age=? ,address=? where name=?"
    ret, err := sqlDb.Exec(sqlStr, u.Age, u.Address, u.Name)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("update failed, err:%v\n", err)
        sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        sqlResponse.Message = "更新失败"
        sqlResponse.Data = "error"
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
        return
    }
    sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusOK
    sqlResponse.Message = "更新成功"
    sqlResponse.Data = "OK"
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
    fmt.Println(ret.LastInsertId()) //打印结果
}
 
func getMulData(c *gin.Context) {
    address:=c.Query("address")
    sqlStr:="select name,age from user where address=?"
    rows, err := sqlDb.Query(sqlStr, address)
    if err!=nil {
        sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        sqlResponse.Message = "查询错误"
        sqlResponse.Data = "error"
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
        return
    }
    defer rows.Close()
    resUser:=make([]SqlUser,0)
    for rows.Next(){
        var userTemp SqlUser
        rows.Scan(&userTemp.Name,&userTemp.Age)
        userTemp.Address=address
        resUser=append(resUser,userTemp)
    }
    sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusOK
    sqlResponse.Message = "读取成功"
    sqlResponse.Data=resUser
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
}
 
func getData(c *gin.Context) {
    name:=c.Query("name")
    sqlStr:="select age,address from user where name=?"
    var u SqlUser
    err := sqlDb.QueryRow(sqlStr, name).Scan(&u.Age, &u.Address)
    if err!=nil {
        sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        sqlResponse.Message = "查询错误"
        sqlResponse.Data = "error"
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
        return
    }
    u.Name=name
    sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusOK
    sqlResponse.Message = "读取成功"
    sqlResponse.Data = u
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
}
 
func insertData(c *gin.Context) {
    var u SqlUser
    err := c.Bind(&u)
    if err != nil {
        sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        sqlResponse.Message = "参数错误"
        sqlResponse.Data = "error"
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
        return
    }
    sqlStr := "insert into user(name, age, address) values (?,?,?)"
    ret, err := sqlDb.Exec(sqlStr, u.Name, u.Age, u.Address)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("insert failed, err:%v\n", err)
        sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        sqlResponse.Message = "写入失败"
        sqlResponse.Data = "error"
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
        return
    }
    sqlResponse.Code = http.StatusOK
    sqlResponse.Message = "写入成功"
    sqlResponse.Data = "OK"
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, sqlResponse)
    fmt.Println(ret.LastInsertId()) //打印结果
 
}
 
//todo:  go-sql-driver地址:https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

2.xorm

xorm是一个简单而强大的Go语言ORM库,通过它可以使数据库操作非常简便。

核心代码如下:

var x *xorm.Engine
var xormResponse XormResponse
 
//定义结构体(xorm支持双向映射);没有表,会进行创建
type Stu struct {
    Id      int64     `xorm:"pk autoincr" json:"id"` //指定主键并自增
    StuNum  string    `xorm:"unique" json:"stu_num"`
    Name    string    `json:"name"`
    Age     int       `json:"age"`
    Created time.Time `xorm:"created" json:"created"`
    Updated time.Time `xorm:"updated" json:"updated"`
}
 
//应答体
type XormResponse struct {
    Code    int         `json:"code"`
    Message string      `json:"msg"`
    Data    interface{} `json:"data"`
}
 
func init() {
    sqlStr := "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/xorm?charset=utf8&parseTime=true&loc=Local" //xorm代表数据库名称
    var err error
    x, err = xorm.NewEngine("mysql", sqlStr) //1、创建数据库引擎
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("数据库连接失败:", err)
    }
    //2、创建或者同步表(名称为Stu)
    err = x.Sync(new(Stu))
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("数据表同步失败:", err)
    }
}
func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    //数据库的CRUD--->gin的 post、get、put、delete方法
    r.POST("xorm/insert", xormInsetData)    //添加数据
    r.GET("xorm/get", xormGetData)          //查询数据(单条记录)
    r.GET("xorm/mulget", xormGetMulData)    //查询数据(多条记录)
    r.PUT("xorm/update", xormUpdateData)    //更新数据
    r.DELETE("xorm/delete", xormDeleteData) //删除数据
    r.Run(":9090")
}
 
func xormGetData(c *gin.Context) {
    stuNum := c.Query("stu_num")
    var stus []Stu
    err := x.Where("stu_num=?", stuNum).Find(&stus)
    if err != nil {
        xormResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        xormResponse.Message = "查询错误"
        xormResponse.Data = "error"
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, xormResponse)
        return
    }
    xormResponse.Code = http.StatusOK
    xormResponse.Message = "读取成功"
    xormResponse.Data = stus
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, xormResponse)
}
 
func xormInsetData(c *gin.Context) {
    var s Stu
    err := c.Bind(&s)
    if err != nil {
        xormResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        xormResponse.Message = "参数错误"
        xormResponse.Data = "error"
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, xormResponse)
        return
    }
    affected, err := x.Insert(s)
    if err != nil || affected <= 0 {
        fmt.Printf("insert failed, err:%v\n", err)
        xormResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        xormResponse.Message = "写入失败"
        xormResponse.Data = err
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, xormResponse)
        return
    }
    xormResponse.Code = http.StatusOK
    xormResponse.Message = "写入成功"
    xormResponse.Data = "OK"
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, xormResponse)
    fmt.Println(affected) //打印结果
 
}
 
//TODO: xom文档地址:https://github.com/go-xorm/xorm

3.gorm

特别注意:gorm原来的版本已经废弃,新版本进行了迁移,地址:https://gorm.io/。新版本与旧版本有很大的区别,本节主要讲解新版本。

核心代码如下:

//特别注意:结构体名称为:Product,创建的表的名称为:Products
type Product struct {
    ID             int       `gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement" json:"id"`
    Number         string    `gorm:"unique" json:"number"`                       //商品编号(唯一)
    Category       string    `gorm:"type:varchar(256);not null" json:"category"` //商品类别
    Name           string    `gorm:"type:varchar(20);not null" json:"name"`      //商品名称
    MadeIn         string    `gorm:"type:varchar(128);not null" json:"made_in"`  //生产地
    ProductionTime time.Time `json:"production_time"`                            //生产时间
}
 
//应答体
type GormResponse struct {
    Code    int         `json:"code"`
    Message string      `json:"msg"`
    Data    interface{} `json:"data"`
}
 
var gormDB *gorm.DB
var gormResponse GormResponse
 
func init() {
    var err error
    sqlStr := "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/gorm?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=true&loc=Local"
    gormDB, err = gorm.Open(mysql.Open(sqlStr), &gorm.Config{}) //配置项中预设了连接池 ConnPool
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("数据库连接出现了问题:", err)
        return
    }
 
}
 
func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    //数据库的CRUD--->gin的 post、get、put、delete方法
    r.POST("gorm/insert", gormInsertData)   //添加数据
    r.GET("gorm/get", gormGetData)          //查询数据(单条记录)
    r.GET("gorm/mulget", gormGetMulData)    //查询数据(多条记录)
    r.PUT("gorm/update", gormUpdateData)    //更新数据
    r.DELETE("gorm/delete", gormDeleteData) //删除数据
    r.Run(":9090")
}
func gormGetData(c *gin.Context) {
    //=============捕获异常============
    defer func() {
        err := recover()
        if err != nil {
            gormResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
            gormResponse.Message = "错误"
            gormResponse.Data = err
            c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gormResponse)
        }
    }()
    //============
    number := c.Query("number")
    product := Product{}
    tx := gormDB.Where("number=?", number).First(&product)
    if tx.Error != nil {
        gormResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        gormResponse.Message = "查询错误"
        gormResponse.Data = tx.Error
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gormResponse)
        return
    }
    gormResponse.Code = http.StatusOK
    gormResponse.Message = "读取成功"
    gormResponse.Data = product
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gormResponse)
}
 
func gormInsertData(c *gin.Context) {
    //=============捕获异常============
    defer func() {
        err := recover()
        if err != nil {
            gormResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
            gormResponse.Message = "错误"
            gormResponse.Data = err
            c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gormResponse)
        }
    }()
    //============
    var p Product
    err := c.Bind(&p)
    if err != nil {
        gormResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
        gormResponse.Message = "参数错误"
        gormResponse.Data = err
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gormResponse)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(p)
    tx := gormDB.Create(&p)
    if tx.RowsAffected > 0 {
        gormResponse.Code = http.StatusOK
        gormResponse.Message = "写入成功"
        gormResponse.Data = "OK"
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gormResponse)
        return
    }
    fmt.Printf("insert failed, err:%v\n", err)
    gormResponse.Code = http.StatusBadRequest
    gormResponse.Message = "写入失败"
    gormResponse.Data = tx
    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gormResponse)
    fmt.Println(tx) //打印结果
}
 
//Todo:GitHub地址:https://github.com/go-gorm/gorm
//文档地址:https://gorm.io/

盛唐武士
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