博客主机_自动申请续期免费证书

原创：博客主机_自动申请续期免费证书

一不留神，之前的域名证书过期了。由于是Let’s Encrypt免费证书，需要3个月手工续期一次，一年就得4次，还是有点麻烦，搞成自动化多好。
以下操作均在服务器上执行(ubuntu16，腾讯云)

下载脚本certbot-auto

cd opt/
wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto  
chmod a+x certbot-auto

执行certbot-auto可能报错:

 An unexpected error occurred: UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode

说明脚本尝试修改nginx配置文件，结果文件中包含中文字符。这个本人更倾向于自主控制，不依赖脚本，脚本复仅仅负责生成证书或renew证书即可，证书的复制和配置还是人工脚本完成更佳。一方面可控性更强，另一方面遇到错误也知道怎么回事！

生成秘钥

命令

./certbot-auto certonly  -d *.example.cn --manual --preferred-challenges dns --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory 

1. certonly 安装模式
2. -d 申请证书的域名，如果是通配符域名输入 *.example.cn
3. --manual 手动安装插件
4. --preferred-challenges dns 使用 DNS 方式校验域名所有权
5. --server，Let's Encrypt ACME v2 版本使用的服务器不同于 v1 版本，需要显示指定

响应

Requesting to rerun ./certbot-auto with root privileges...
./certbot-auto has insecure permissions!
To learn how to fix them, visit https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/certbot-auto-deployment-best-practices/91979/
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator manual, Installer None
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
dns-01 challenge for example.cn

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTE: The IP of this machine will be publicly logged as having requested this
certificate. If you're running certbot in manual mode on a machine that is not
your server, please ensure you're okay with that.

Are you OK with your IP being logged?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: y

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please deploy a DNS TXT record under the name
_acme-challenge.example.cn with the following value:

v8somjB6jyjkZ9-fi_5l705CA_ERu0hRJcGFbLpHNaQ#配置dns的txt解析

Before continuing, verify the record is deployed.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Press Enter to Continue
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
Subscribe to the EFF mailing list (email: xxxxx(your email)@163.com).

IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.cn/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.cn/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on 2021-02-20. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot-auto
   again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
   "certbot-auto renew"
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

以上命令需要注意2点
1，最好在部署服务的机器上执行
2，第二步需要修改dns记录，但是修改后未必实时生效，需要等到生效后再按“回车”，否则可能会生成失败

腾讯云的dns配置样例

验证dns解析生效的命令

# 域名为解析的二级域名
 nslookup -q=txt _acme-challenge.example.cn

返回如下信息说明配置生效了

生成的秘钥

(base) john@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~$ sudo ls -lh /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.cn
总用量 4.0K
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  33 Nov 22 16:25 cert.pem -> ../../archive/example.cn/cert1.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  34 Nov 22 16:25 chain.pem -> ../../archive/example.cn/chain1.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  38 Nov 22 16:25 fullchain.pem -> ../../archive/example.cn/fullchain1.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  36 Nov 22 16:25 privkey.pem -> ../../archive/example.cn/privkey1.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 692 Nov 22 16:25 README

配置nginx

样例

server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  localhost;
        
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        ssl on;
        ssl_session_timeout 5m;
        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
        ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
        ssl_certificate      /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.cn/fullchain.pem;# 若使用cert.pem虽证书有效，但浏览器依然会提示不安全
        ssl_certificate_key  /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.cn/privkey.pem;
}

修改后验证nginx：sudo nginx -t
验证ok后重启nginx：sudo service nginx restart
登录自己站点，点击地址栏的锁图标，可以发现证书已经生效

自动续期

免费的证书必须3个月续期1次，比较麻烦，可以添加定时任务脚本进行自动续期

touch sslrenew.sh
chmod +x sslrenew.sh

sslrenew.sh内容

<path to certbot>/certbot-auto renew   

配置定时任务

编辑定时任务：crontab -e
0 0 1 * * /home/john/opt/sslrenew.sh #每月1日
查看定时任务：crontab -l

参考

certbot申请通配符域名证书：https://www.jianshu.com/p/7b6...
[转]部署Let’s Encrypt免费SSL证书&&自动续期：https://www.cnblogs.com/lzpon...
Let'sEncrypt 免费ssl证书申请并自动续期：https://blog.csdn.net/c__chao...