Linux系统常用网络管理命令

随着服务器的增多，网络环境越来越复杂，linux网络管理越来越显的重要，接下来我们介绍一下linux网络管理命令来提高运维效率。

ping检查网络连通性

ping 常常用来测试与目的主机的连通性。

可以ping通

[root@chao ~]# ping 172.16.1.254
PING 172.16.1.254 (172.16.1.254) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.529 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.297 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.135 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.245 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=0.214 ms
^C
--- 172.16.1.254 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.135/0.284/0.529/0.133 ms
[root@chao ~]#

不可以ping通

[root@chao ~]# ping 172.16.1.250
PING 172.16.1.250 (172.16.1.250) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=7 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.16.1.16 icmp_seq=8 Destination Host Unreachable
^C
--- 172.16.1.250 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 0 received, +8 errors, 100% packet loss, time 8003ms
pipe 4

配置网络

设置ip

[root@chao ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 172.16.1.114 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

更改MAC地址

[root@chao ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 hw ether 00:0c:29:0b:07:77

修改路由表

显示路由表

[root@chao ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.16.1.254 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
172.16.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0

添加路由

[root@chao ~]# route add -net 172.16.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.1.254

删除路由

[root@chao ~]# route del -net 172.16.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0

查看网络状态

查看所有端口

[root@chao ~]# netstat -a|head -4
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:sunrpc 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 chao:domain 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

查看tcp端口

[root@chao ~]# netstat -at
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:sunrpc 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 chao:domain 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 36 chao:ssh 172.16.1.100:57418 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 [::]:sunrpc [::]:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset [::]:* LISTEN

查看udp端口

[root@chao ~]# netstat -au
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 chao:domain 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootps 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 localhost:323 0.0.0.0:*
udp6 0 0 localhost:323 [::]:*

traceroute查看路由信息

[root@chao ~]# traceroute to www.baidu.com (103.235.46.39), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 gateway (172.16.1.254) 0.132 ms 0.062 ms 0.086 ms
2 *
3 *
4 *
5 *
6 *
7 *
8 *
9 *
10 *
11 *
12 *
13 *
14 *
15 *
16 *
17 *
18 *
19 *
20 *
21 *
22 *
23 *
24 *
25 *
26 *

telnet测试远程端口

[root@chao ~]# telnet 172.16.1.16 80

wget下载网络文件

[root@chao ~]# wget https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apa...