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数据结构

JDK1.8ConcurrentHashMap采用数组+单链表+红黑树的数据结构,数组和链表存储的是一个个Node对象,红黑树存储的是TreeNode对象
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    static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
        final int hash;
        final K key;
        volatile V val;
        volatile Node<K,V> next;
    }

    static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
        TreeNode<K,V> parent;  // red-black tree links
        TreeNode<K,V> left;
        TreeNode<K,V> right;
        TreeNode<K,V> prev;    // needed to unlink next upon deletion
        boolean red;

        TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next,
                 TreeNode<K,V> parent) {
            super(hash, key, val, next);
            this.parent = parent;
        }
    } 
        

常用方法

使用

源码分析

主要属性

//最大容量
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
//默认容量
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
//数组最大容量
static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
//加载因子
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
// 链表的树化阈值,即链表转成红黑树的阈值,当Node链表长度>该值时,则将链表转换成红黑树
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8; 
// 链表的还原阈值,即红黑树转为链表的阈值,当在扩容时,HashMap的数据存储位置会重新计算,在重新计算存储位置后,当红黑树内TreeNode数量 < 6时,则将 红黑树转换成链表
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
// 最小链表树化容量阈值,即 当Node数组长度 > 该值时,才允许树形化链表,否则则直接扩容,而不是树形化
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;

构造方法

    public ConcurrentHashMap() {
    }

    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        int cap = ((initialCapacity >= (MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1)) ?
                   MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
                   tableSizeFor(initialCapacity + (initialCapacity >>> 1) + 1));
        this.sizeCtl = cap;
    }


    public ConcurrentHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        this.sizeCtl = DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
        putAll(m);
    }

    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        this(initialCapacity, loadFactor, 1);
    }

    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity,
                             float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
        if (!(loadFactor > 0.0f) || initialCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (initialCapacity < concurrencyLevel)   // Use at least as many bins
            initialCapacity = concurrencyLevel;   // as estimated threads
        long size = (long)(1.0 + (long)initialCapacity / loadFactor);
        int cap = (size >= (long)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
            MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : tableSizeFor((int)size);
        this.sizeCtl = cap;
    }

put()方法

    public V put(K key, V value) {
        return putVal(key, value, false);
    }

    final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
        if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
        int binCount = 0;
        //死循环
        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
            //1.Node数组初始化
            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
                tab = initTable();
            //2.计算key存放Node数组中的数组下标,判断这个数组下标Node数组上是否有Node存在    
            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
                //2.1若不存在,说明没有hash冲突,则表示当前位置可以写入数据,利用CAS尝试写入,失败则自旋保证成功
                if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
                             new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
                    break;                   // no lock when adding to empty bin
            }
            //3.当前位置的hashcode==MOVED==-1,则进行扩容
            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
            else {
                //4.存在hash冲突,利用synchronized锁锁住链表或者红黑树的头结点写入数据
                V oldVal = null;
                synchronized (f) {
                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
                        //4.1当前是Node是链表
                        if (fh >= 0) {
                            binCount = 1;
                            //遍历以该Node为头结点的链表,判断该key是否已存在
                            for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
                                K ek;
                                ////若该key已存在,则用新value替换旧value
                                if (e.hash == hash &&
                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
                                    oldVal = e.val;
                                    if (!onlyIfAbsent)
                                        e.val = value;
                                    break;
                                }
                                Node<K,V> pred = e;
                                //若该key不存在,则将key-value添加到Node数组中,这里采用尾插法
                                if ((e = e.next) == null) {
                                    pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
                                                              value, null);
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        //4.1当前是Node是红黑树
                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
                            Node<K,V> p;
                            binCount = 2;
                            ////向红黑树插入或更新数据(键值对),遍历红黑树判断该节点的key是否与传入key相同,相同则新value覆盖旧value,不相同则插入
                            if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
                                                           value)) != null) {
                                oldVal = p.val;
                                if (!onlyIfAbsent)
                                    p.val = value;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                //6.如果链表中的Node节点>8则需要转换为红黑树
                if (binCount != 0) {
                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
                        treeifyBin(tab, i);
                    if (oldVal != null)
                        return oldVal;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        addCount(1L, binCount);
        return null;
    }
     

sizeCtl值含义:
-1:表示正在初始化
-n:表示正在扩容
0:表示还未初始化,默认值
大于0:表示下一次扩容的阈值

initTable()方法


    private final Node<K,V>[] initTable() {
        Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
        while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {        
            //若当前有其他线程正在初始化,则让出CPU执行权,然后自旋
            if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0)
                Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
            //若当前有没有其他线程正在初始化,将sizeCtl置为-1,相当于拿到了锁
            else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
                try {
                    if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
                        int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
                        //初始化数组大小为16
                        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                        Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
                        table = tab = nt;
                        //下一次扩容的大小,0.75n,和以前的扩容阀值相对应
                        sc = n - (n >>> 2);
                    }
                } finally {
                    sizeCtl = sc;
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        return tab;
    }  

get()方法

    public V get(Object key) {
        Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> e, p; int n, eh; K ek;
        //计算key存放Node数组中的数组下标,判断这个数组下标Node数组上是否有Node存在
        int h = spread(key.hashCode());
        if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
            (e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) != null) {
            1.在Node数组中找key相等的Node
            if ((eh = e.hash) == h) {
                if ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))
                    return e.val;
            }
            //2.在红黑树中找key相等的Node 
            else if (eh < 0)
                return (p = e.find(h, key)) != null ? p.val : null;
            //3.在链表中找key相等的Node 
            while ((e = e.next) != null) {
                if (e.hash == h &&
                    ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek))))
                    return e.val;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

结论

1.JDK1.8ConcurrentHashMap采用数组+单链表+红黑树的数据结构,数组和链表存储的是一个个Node对象,红黑树存储的是TreeNode对象
2.采用了CAS + synchronized来保证并发安全性
3.添加key-value时会根据key值计算出对应的hash值,根据hash值计算出对应的Node数组下标,判断这个数组下标Node数组上是否有Node存在,若不存在,说明没有hash冲突,则表示当前位置可以写入数据,利用CAS尝试写入,失败则自旋保证成功;若存在说明有hash冲突,利用synchronized锁锁住链表或者红黑树的头结点写入数据

ConcurrentHashMap1.8与ConcurrentHashMap1.7的区别:
1.1.7采用数组+链表,1.8采用数据+链表+红黑树优化了查询速度
2.1.7采用Segment分段锁,1.8采用CAS + synchronized降低锁的粒度:JDK1.7版本锁的粒度是基于Segment的,包含多个HashEntry,而JDK1.8锁的粒度就是HashEntry


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