Android6.0动态权限适配

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Rocky_ruan
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    Android6.0动态权限适配

    Android6.0开始，权限分为普通权限和危险权限，危险权限：会授予应用访问用户的机密数据的权限。如果你的应用在其清单文件中列出了危险权限，用户批准你的应用试验这些权限。
    通过adb 命令

    F:\sodaoProject\automate>adb shell
cepheus:/ $ pm list permissions -g -d
Dangerous Permissions:
// 涉及读写联系人，访问账户
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
// 涉及电话操作
group:android.permission-group.PHONE
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
  permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
  permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
  permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
// 涉及日历信息的操作（用户日程安排）
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
// 涉及相机操作
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
  permission:android.permission.CAMERA
// 涉及使用手机传感器操作
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
  permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
// 涉及用户地理位置信息的操作
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
// 涉及存储卡的读写操作
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
// 涉及多媒体信息的操作
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
  permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
// 涉及SMS卡的操作
group:android.permission-group.SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
  permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

ungrouped:
  permission:com.xiaomi.xmsf.permission.PAYMENT // 小米 下载而不显示通知
  permission:miui.permission.ACCESS_BLE_SETTINGS  // 小米 涉及到用户设置的操作
    一：权限申请涉及到几个方法

    1.检查权限

     ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(Context context, String permission)
 例子：检测联系人权限
(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)

    返回值（package android.content.pm的PackageManager中的常量）

    1.  有权限: PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED  值：0已授权
 
2.  无权限: PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED   值：-1未授权

    2.解释权限

    ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Activity activity, String permission)
例子：
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)~~~~

    (1)判断是否有必要向用户解释为什么要这项权限，如果第一次请求此权限，但用户拒绝了，则之后调用该方法将返回true,此时有必要向用户详细说明需要此权限的原因
    (2)如果应用第一次拒绝了请求此权限、第二次再请求此权限时，用户勾选了权限请求对话框“不在询问”，则此方法返回false.如果设备规范禁止应用拥有该权限，此方法返回也是false
    3.请求权限

    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(Activity activity, String[] permissions, int requestCode)
例子：
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

    (1):权限参数传入的是数组，可以调用该方法一次请求多个权限；
    (2):传入的权限数组参数以单个具体权限为单位，但弹框询问用户授权时，属于同一权限组的权限将自动合并询问授权一次；
    (3):请求的权限必须事先在 AndroidManifest.xml 中有声明，否则调用此方法请求时，将不弹框，而是直接返回“拒绝”的结果；
    (4):第一次请求权限时，用户点击了“拒绝”，第二次再请求该权限时，对话框将出现“不再询问”复选框，如果用户勾选了“不再询问”并点击了“拒绝”，则之后再请求此权限组时将不弹框，而是直接返回“拒绝”的结果。
    4.处理请求结果

    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults){
//重写请求结果
}
例子：
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    //重写onRequestPermissionsResult方法根据用户的不同选择做出响应
 switch (requestCode){
        case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS:
            if (grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult granted");
 }else {
                Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult denied");
 showWaringDialog();//提示设置开启权限弹窗
 }
            break;
 }

    实现代码：

    private void requestPermission() {
    Log.d(TAG,"requestPermission");
 //读取联系人的权限<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
 //判断权限是否授权
 if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
        Log.d(TAG,"未授权");
 //解释为什么需要授权该权限
 if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)){
            Log.d(TAG,"解释");
 //请求授权此权限
 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
 }else {
            Log.d(TAG,"没有解释");
 //请求授权此权限
 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
 }
    }else {
        Log.d(TAG,"已经授权");
 }
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    //重写onRequestPermissionsResult方法根据用户的不同选择做出响应
 switch (requestCode){
        case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS:
            if (grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult granted");
 }else {
                Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult denied");
 showWaringDialog();
 }
            break;
 }
}
private void showWaringDialog() {
    AlertDialog dialog=new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
            .setTitle("提示!")
            .setMessage("请前往设置->应用->TestW->权限中打开相关权限，否则功能无法正常运行!")
            .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
 public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    //一般情况下，如果用户不授权的话，功能是无法运行的，做出退出处理
 finish();
 }
            })
            .show();
}

    编写一个权限申请工具类

    public class PermissionUtils {
    private static final String TAG=PermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName();
 //九大危险权限dangerous
 //照相机
 public static final String PERMISSION_CAMERA= Manifest.permission.CAMERA;
 //读写文件
 public static final String PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE=Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
 public static final String PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE=Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
 //地理位置
 public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION=Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
 public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION=Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION;
 //电话
 public static final String PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE=Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE;
 public static final String PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE=Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;
 //访问账户，读写联系人
 public static final String PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS=Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS;
 //多媒体
 public static final String PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO=Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;
 //权限集合
 private static final String[] requestPermissions={
            PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO,
 PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS,
 PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE,
 PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE,
 PERMISSION_CAMERA,
 PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
 PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
 PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
 PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
 };
 public static final int CODE_RECORD_AUDIO = 0;
 public static final int CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS = 1;
 public static final int CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE = 2;
 public static final int CODE_CALL_PHONE = 3;
 public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 4;
 public static final int CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 5;
 public static final int CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = 6;
 public static final int CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 7;
 public static final int CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 8;
 public static final int CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION = 100;
 interface PermissionGrant {
        void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode);
 }
    //请求权限
 public static void requestPermission(final Activity activity,final int requestCode,PermissionGrant permissionGrant){
        if (activity==null){
            return;
 }
        Log.d(TAG,"requestPermission requestCode:" + requestCode);
 if (requestCode<0||requestCode>=requestPermissions.length){
            Log.w(TAG, "requestPermission illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
 return; }
        final String requestPermission=requestPermissions[requestCode];
 int checkSelfPermission;
 try {
           checkSelfPermission= ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity,requestPermission);
 }catch (RuntimeException e){
           Toast.makeText(activity, "please open this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                   .show();
 Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage());
 return; }
       if (checkSelfPermission!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
           Log.i(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED");
 if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,requestPermission)){
               Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale");
 shouldShowRationale(activity, requestCode, requestPermission);
 }else {
               Log.d(TAG, "requestCameraPermission else");
 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,new String[]{requestPermission},requestCode);
 }
       }else {
           Log.d(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission ==== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED");
 Toast.makeText(activity, "opened:" + requestPermissions[requestCode], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
 }
    }
  

 private static void shouldShowRationale(Activity activity, int requestCode, String requestPermission) {
        String[] permissionsHint=activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
 showMessageOkCancel(activity, "Rationale:" + permissionsHint[requestCode], new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
 public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,
 new String[]{requestPermission},
 requestCode);
 Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions:" + requestPermission);
 }
        });
 }
    private static void showMessageOkCancel(final Activity context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {
        new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
                .setMessage(message)
                .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener)
                .setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)
                .create()
                .show();
 }
    public static void requestPermissionsResult(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
 @NonNull int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant){
        if (activity==null){
            return;
 }
        Log.d(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode);

        if (requestCode<0||requestCode>=requestPermissions.length){
            Log.w(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
 Toast.makeText(activity, "illegal requestCode:" + requestCode, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 return; }
        Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode + ",permissions:" + permissions.toString()
                + ",grantResults:" + grantResults.toString() + ",length:" + grantResults.length);
 if (grantResults.length==1&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
 }else {
            String[] permissionsHint =activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
 openSettingActivity(activity, "Result" + permissionsHint[requestCode]);
 }
    }
    
  //开启设置界面
 private static void openSettingActivity(Activity activity, String message) {
        showMessageOkCancel(activity, message, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
 public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                Intent intent = new Intent();
 intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
 Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName(): " + activity.getPackageName());
 Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null);
 intent.setData(uri);
 activity.startActivity(intent);
 }
        });
 }
}

    在ThirdActivity的Activity中

    public class ThirdActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
    private static final String TAG = ThirdActivity.class.getSimpleName();
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_third);
 }
    public void showCamera(View view) {
        Log.i(TAG, "Show camera button pressed. Checking permission.");
 PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void getAccounts(View view) {
        PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void callPhone(View view) {
        PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void readPhoneState(View view) {
        PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void accessFineLocation(View view) {
        PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void accessCoarseLocation(View view) {
        PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void readExternalStorage(View view) {
        PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void writeExternalStorage(View view) {
        PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void recordAudio(View view) {
        PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    private PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant mPermissionGrant=new PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant() {
        @Override
 public void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode) {
            switch (requestCode) {
                case PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_RECORD_AUDIO", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CALL_PHONE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CAMERA", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; default:
                    break;
 }
        }
    };
 @Override
 public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        PermissionUtils.requestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults, mPermissionGrant);
 }
}

    布局文件activity_third中

    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:orientation="vertical">
 <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/content_fragment"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="0dp"
 android:layout_weight="1"/>
 <ScrollView android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="0dp"
 android:layout_weight="1">
 <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:orientation="vertical">
 <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:orientation="horizontal">
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="Camera"
 android:id="@+id/button_camera"
 android:onClick="showCamera"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="RECORD_AUDIO"
 android:onClick="recordAudio"/>
 </LinearLayout>
 <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:orientation="horizontal">
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="GET_ACCOUNTS"
 android:onClick="getAccounts"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="CALL_PHONE"
 android:onClick="callPhone"/>
 </LinearLayout>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE"
 android:onClick="readPhoneState"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"
 android:onClick="accessFineLocation"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"
 android:onClick="accessCoarseLocation"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
 android:onClick="readExternalStorage"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
 android:onClick="writeExternalStorage"/>
 </LinearLayout> </ScrollView>
</LinearLayout>

    清单文件的申请权限

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SMS"/>

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>

    资源文件在res下values下创建一个array.xml文件

    <resources>
    <string-array name="permissions">
        <item>@string/permission_recode_audio_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_get_accounts_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_read_phone_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_call_phone_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_camera_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_access_fine_location_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_access_coarse_location_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_read_external_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_white_external_hint</item>
    </string-array>
</resources>

    在res下values下的strings.xml文件创建

    <resources>
 <string name="my_accessibility_description">非常建议您开启无障碍服务，开启后可以协助您完成一些简单的操作，提升您的操作体验。</string>
 <string name="permission_get_accounts_hint">没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS</string>
 <string name="permission_read_phone_hint">没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE</string>
 <string name="permission_call_phone_hint">没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE</string>
 <string name="permission_camera_hint">没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_CAMERA</string>
 <string name="permission_access_fine_location_hint">没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION</string>
 <string name="permission_access_coarse_location_hint">没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION</string>
 <string name="permission_read_external_hint">没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE</string>
 <string name="permission_white_external_hint">没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE</string>
 <string name="permission_recode_audio_hint">没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO</string>
</resources>

    小米系统在Android原生的动态权限申请的基础上，还有自己的用户授权模块
    image.png
    可以看到小米的授权模块中，对权限操作分为允许，询问，拒绝。
    1.当我们第一次打开应用的时候，默认是询问状态，在该状态下，我们调用requestPermission()方法会弹出系统询问框.
    2.在弹出系统授权框后，只要你操作了（拒绝或者允许）,你永远也不要想着在以后能看到授权框了，除非你过来设置这边更改为“询问”模式。
    3.不然无论你再调用几次requestPermissions（），都是直接走回调OnRequestPermissionResult。

    Android7.0调用相机拍照保存照片，就是对手机存储中私有文件路径的保护

    1.在Android7.0之前中调用相机实现拍照保存照片

    /**
 * 调用系统相机实现拍照*/
public void request(View view){
    if (!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
        Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this,"SD卡异常",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
 return; }
    long dateTaken=System.currentTimeMillis();
 //图像名称
 CharSequence fileName= DateFormat.format("yyyy-MM-dd kk.mm.ss",dateTaken);
 //图像路径
 String path=Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString()+ File.separator+"forpermission"+File.separator+fileName+".jpg";
 File imageFile=new File(path);
 if (!imageFile.getParentFile().exists()){
        imageFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
 }
    if (!imageFile.exists()){
        try {
            imageFile.createNewFile();
 } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
 }
    }
    //根据文件解析出文件对应的Uri
 Uri uri=Uri.fromFile(imageFile); Intent intent=new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,uri); //根据文件解析出文件对应的uri
 //判断是否有Activity能处理intent
 if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager())!=null){
        startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO);
 }
}

    2.返回结果

    @Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
 if (resultCode==RESULT_OK){
        if (requestCode==REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO){
            Toast.makeText(this, "拍照成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 Log.d(TAG,"拍照成功了呀");
 }
    }
}

    Android7.0之后如果调用系统相机拍照会报这个问题

    Caused by: android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:///storage/emulated/0/forpermission/2021-03-15%2014.30.48.jpg exposed beyond app through ClipData.Item.getUri()

    需要提供FileProvider

    /**
 * 调用系统相机实现拍照*/
public void request(View view){
    if (!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
        Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this,"SD卡异常",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
 return; }
    long dateTaken=System.currentTimeMillis();
 //图像名称
 CharSequence fileName= DateFormat.format("yyyy-MM-dd kk.mm.ss",dateTaken);
 //图像路径
 String path=Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString()+ File.separator+"forpermission"+File.separator+fileName+".jpg";
 File imageFile=new File(path);
 if (!imageFile.getParentFile().exists()){
        imageFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
 }
    if (!imageFile.exists()){
        try {
            imageFile.createNewFile();
 } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
 }
    }
 //根据文件解析出文件对应的uri
 Uri uri= FileProvider.getUriForFile(ThirdActivity.this,"com.ruan.testw.my_provider",imageFile);
 Intent intent=new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
 intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,uri);
 //判断是否有Activity能处理intent
 if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager())!=null){
        startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO);
 }
}

    对应的FileProvider在AndroidX和android中不同
    在Androidmanifest中配置FileProvider

    <!--com.ruan.testw.my_provider自定义的名字-->
<provider
 android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"//内容提供者类名
 android:authorities="com.ruan.testw.my_provider"//配置一个 FileProvider 的名字，它在当前系统内需要是唯一值。
 android:exported="false"//表示该 FileProvider 是否需要公开出去，传 false 表示不公开
 android:grantUriPermissions="true">//是否允许授权文件的临时访问权限。传 true 表示需要 
 <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
 android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>
//在android包下
<!--com.ruan.testw.my_provider自定义的名字-->
<provider
 android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"//内容提供者类名
 android:authorities="com.ruan.testw.my_provider"
 android:exported="false"
 android:grantUriPermissions="true">
 <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
 android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>

    在Android的res下创建xml文件夹下新建file_paths.xml文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <!--代表外部存储区域的根目录下的文件 Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()/DCIM/camerademo目录-->
 <external-path name="hm_DCIM" path="DCIM/camerademo" />

<!--代表外部存储区域的根目录下的文件 Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()/Pictures/camerademo目录-->
 <external-path name="hm_Pictures" path="Pictures/camerademo" />
    
<!--代表app 私有的存储区域 Context.getFilesDir()目录下的images目录 /data/user/0/com.hm.camerademo/files/images-->
<files-path name="hm_private_files" path="images" />
    
<!--代表app 私有的存储区域 Context.getCacheDir()目录下的images目录 /data/user/0/com.hm.camerademo/cache/images-->
<cache-path name="hm_private_cache" path="images" />
    
<!--代表app 外部存储区域根目录下的文件 Context.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES)目录下的Pictures目录-->
<!--/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.hm.camerademo/files/Pictures-->
<external-files-path name="hm_external_files" path="Pictures" />
    
<!--代表app 外部存储区域根目录下的文件 Context.getExternalCacheDir目录下的images目录-->
<!--/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.hm.camerademo/cache/images-->
<external-cache-path name="hm_external_cache" path="" />
    
</paths>
    • root-path：表示根目录，“/”。new File("/");
    • files-path：表示 content.getFileDir() 获取到的目录
    • cache-path：表示 content.getCacheDir() 获取到的目录
    • external-path：表示Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() 指向的目录
    • external-files-path：表示 ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs() 获取到的目录
    • external-cache-path：表示 ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs() 获取到的目录

    注意：
    如果App有选择和剪裁图片的需求，最好配置下root-path，这样子可以读取到sd卡和一些应用分身的目录，否则微信等应用分身保存的图片，在App里面读取时就发生下面异常：

    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Failed to find configured root that contains /storage/emulated/0/forpermission/2021-03-15 16.32.35.jpg

    实例：

    <paths>
 <!-- <root-path
 name="root" path=""/>--> 
 <external-path
 name="camera_photo"
 path="forpermission"/>
</paths>

    1.使用FileProvider.getUriForFile(ThirdActivity.this,"com.ruan.testw.my_provider",imageFile);
    目的：是将file://转成content://
    2.getUriForFile() 方法，需要一个 authority 的参数，这里需要与前面在 AndroidManifest.xml 中 配置的 android:authorities保持一致，因为是通过 android:authorities 属性配置的值，来唯一确定由谁来响应这个 provider 的 。在 AndroidManifest.xml 中配置 provider 的时候，需要保证 android:authorities 的值，在整个系统中的唯一性，否者安装的时候会抛出异常

    *END:
    学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆*
    **

    android
    Rocky_ruan
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