Win10下的最好免费ssh客户端--Windows Terminal

总述

做为一个码农，基本工作就是登录到linux服务器上干活。虽然有VNC可用，但架不住图形界面怎么都不如终端流畅啊，所以大多数时候还是用ssh登录到服务器在终端下编码,编译,运行。
免费的ssh客户端还是有的，之前也用过putty(及各种变种），podarosa, mobaxterm, xshell。
之前xshell的免费版是没限制的，xshell是所有ssh客户端中最好用的，所以一直想买个正版支持一下，无奈这货真有点贵，99美刀一年。
无意之中有人提了一嘴windows terminal, 这一翻折腾后，发现竟然想要的功能竟然都不缺，在某些方面应该比xshell还容易定制，关键是可以配置的非常漂亮，完全不逊于xshell。

安装

最方便的方式是从Microsoft Store安装。
如果从github release page安装的话，则无法自动更新

win10已经内嵌ssh client，无需安装，可以直接使用

启动

在搜索框里直接输入windows terminal就会有相应的app

特性

• 多标签页 （可以通过ctrl+shift+t来打开新的标签页，或通过+旁边的按钮）

• 多面板

  • alt+shift++: 打开垂直面板
  • alt+shift+-: 打开水平面板
  • alt+shift+D: 打开一个和目前一样的面板
• 可配置字体，配色方案
• 可配置快捷键
• 可设定命令或字符片断
• 可设定标签名称和颜色 (在标签上右击)

命令输入

ctrl+shift+p会打开命令窗口，前面可以看到支持的所有command

如果要输入wt命令，那么用del键把>删除

配置

通过ctrl+,可以打开用户配置文件，json格式

快捷键

基本结构就是command和keys

 "actions": 
    [
        // Copy and paste are bound to Ctrl+Shift+C and Ctrl+Shift+V in your defaults.json.
        // These two lines additionally bind them to Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V.
        // To learn more about selection, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-selection
        {
            "command": 
            {
                "action": "copy",
                "singleLine": false
            },
            "keys": "ctrl+c"
        },
        {
            "command": "paste",
            "keys": "ctrl+v"
        },
        // Press Ctrl+Shift+F to open the search box
        {
            "command": "find",
            "keys": "ctrl+shift+f"
        },
        {
            "command": 
            {
                "action": "switchToTab",
                "index": 0
            },
            "keys": "alt+1"
        },
        {
            "command": 
            {
                "action": "switchToTab",
                "index": 1
            },
            "keys": "alt+2"
        },
        {
            "command": 
            {
                "action": "switchToTab",
                "index": 2
            },
            "keys": "alt+3"
        },
        {
            "command": 
            {
                "action": "switchToTab",
                "index": 3
            },
            "keys": "alt+4"
        },
        {
            "command": 
            {
                "action": "switchToTab",
                "index": 4
            },
            "keys": "alt+5"
        },
        {
            "command": 
            {
                "action": "switchToTab",
                "index": 5
            },
            "keys": "alt+6"
        },
        {
            "command": 
            {
                "action": "switchToTab",
                "index": 6
            },
            "keys": "alt+7"
        },
        {
            "command": 
            {
                "action": "switchToTab",
                "index": 7
            },
            "keys": "alt+8"
        },
        {
            "command": 
            {
                "action": "switchToTab",
                "index": 8
            },
            "keys": "alt+9"
        },
        {
            "command":
            {
                "action": "closeTab",
                "index": 100
            },
            "keys": "ctrl+shift+w"
        },
        {
            "command":
            {
             // use \n for linux
                "action": "sendInput",
                "input": "source ~/.uzsh/xlm20.zshrc\n"
            },
            "keys": "ctrl+1"
        },
        {
            "command":
            {
             // use \r for windows
                "action": "sendInput",
                "input": "ssh -t harriszh@sw02 \"zsh\"\r"
            },
            "keys": "ctrl+2"
        },
        // Press Alt+Shift+D to open a new pane.
        // - "split": "auto" makes this pane open in the direction that provides the most surface area.
        // - "splitMode": "duplicate" makes the new pane use the focused pane's profile.
        // To learn more about panes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-panes
        {
            "command": 
            {
                "action": "splitPane",
                "split": "auto",
                "splitMode": "duplicate"
            },
            "keys": "alt+shift+d"
        }
    ],

命令和代码片断

如上面所标，有一个特殊的命令是sendInput, 可以通过这个命令来做一个定制化别名
注意在linux下用\n做换行，而在windows下用\r做换行

        {
            "command":
            {
             // use \n for linux
                "action": "sendInput",
                "input": "source ~/.uzsh/xlm20.zshrc\n"
            },
            "keys": "ctrl+1"
        },
        {
            "command":
            {
             // use \r for windows
                "action": "sendInput",
                "input": "ssh -t harriszh@sw02 \"zsh\"\r"
            },
            "keys": "ctrl+2"
        },

选择复制

像linux一样，一旦选中文字就拷贝到系统粘贴板

"copyOnSelect": true,

profiles

这里定义了几个全局配置, 它们命运对应ctrl+shift+<n>

    "profiles": 
    {
        "defaults": {},
        "list": 
        [
            {
                "acrylicOpacity": 1.0,
                "colorScheme": "Gruvbox Dark",
                "commandline": "powershell.exe",
                "fontFace": "DejaVuSansMono Nerd Font Mono",
                "guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
                "hidden": false,
                "name": "Windows PowerShell",
                "useAcrylic": true
            },
            {
                "commandline": "cmd.exe",
                "experimental.retroTerminalEffect": true,
                "fontFace": "Consolas",
                "foreground": "#00FF00",
                "guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
                "hidden": false,
                "name": "Command Prompt"
            },
            {
                "commandline": "ssh -t harriszh@sw02 \"cd /lan/harriszh && zsh\"",
                "fontFace": "DejaVuSansMono Nerd Font Mono",
                "guid": "{3b6e258c-bd69-43af-9365-69b153b0ece6}",
                "name": "sw02",
                "colorScheme": "Gruvbox Dark",
                "tabTitle": "sw02",
                "useAcrylic": false,
                "acrylicOpacity": 0.5,
            },
            {}
        ]
    },

配色方案

如上面设置中有一项为colorScheme，window terminal内嵌一些方案，更多的可以网上搜索，我比较满意的是Gruvbox Dark.

    "schemes": 
    [
        {
            "background": "#1E1E1E",
            "black": "#1E1E1E",
            "blue": "#377375",
            "brightBlack": "#7F7061",
            "brightBlue": "#719586",
            "brightCyan": "#7DB669",
            "brightGreen": "#AAB01E",
            "brightPurple": "#C77089",
            "brightRed": "#F73028",
            "brightWhite": "#E6D4A3",
            "brightYellow": "#F7B125",
            "cursorColor": "#E6D4A3",
            "cyan": "#578E57",
            "foreground": "#E6D4A3",
            "green": "#868715",
            "name": "Gruvbox Dark",
            "purple": "#A04B73",
            "red": "#BE0F17",
            "selectionBackground": "#E6D4A3",
            "white": "#978771",
            "yellow": "#CC881A"
        },
  ]

多面板

可以使用快捷键，也可以用命令来做更详细的控制
比如： alt+shift+-或alt_shift++
也可以通过ctrl+shift+p调出命令窗口来做详细控制
下面是在命令窗口(ctrl+shift+p)中输入split-pane -H -p "pc2"的效果

效果

如果下所示，黑色系下非常清晰。字体是nerd字体，这需要从网上下载，这样可以显示一些如文件夹，文件，图形之类的符号

总结

通过上面的配置后，对于ssh到服务器工作这件事已经绰绰有余，而且各种快捷键非常方便。

还有一些其他技巧可以查看官方网页
如有一些其他需求和建议，欢迎留言。