1. 类的层级图

  1. DefaultResourceLoader
  2. AbstractApplicationContext
  3. AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext
  4. AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext
  5. AbstractXmlApplicationContext
  6. ClassPathXmlApplicationContext

2. spring容器启动入口,执行成功容器就启动完成了

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

3. 进入ClassPathXmlApplicationContext类的构造方法

public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
      String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, @Nullable ApplicationContext parent)
      throws BeansException {
          
   super(parent);

   //初始化配置文件xml的位置,解析configLocations,即.xml文件
   //方法实现所在位置:父类 AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext
   setConfigLocations(configLocations);
   if (refresh) {
       //spring容器启动的主流程(*****重要*****)
       //方法实现所在位置:父类 AbstractApplicationContext
      refresh();
   }
}
//此方法所在类:AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext
public void setConfigLocations(@Nullable String... locations) {
   if (locations != null) {
      Assert.noNullElements(locations, "Config locations must not be null");
      //将xml文件维护在configLocations属性上
      this.configLocations = new String[locations.length];
      for (int i = 0; i < locations.length; i++) {
         //resolvePath方法涉及模糊匹配,先不看
         this.configLocations[i] = resolvePath(locations[i]).trim();
      }
   }
   else {
      this.configLocations = null;
   }
}

4. spring容器启动的核心方法refresh();

/**
 * 该方法是spring容器初始化的核心方法。
 * 是spring容器初始化的核心流程,是一个典型的父类模板设计模式的运用
 * 根据不同的上下文对象,会掉到不同的上下文对象子类方法中
 *
 * 核心上下文子类有:
 * ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
 * FileSystemXmlApplicationContext
 * AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
 * EmbeddedWebApplicationContext(springboot)
 */
@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
   synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
      // Prepare this context for refreshing.
      // 为容器初始化做准备,可以不看
      prepareRefresh();

      // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
      /*
       * 1、创建BeanFactory对象
       * 2、xml解析
       *    传统标签解析:bean、import等
       *    自定义标签解析:例如:<context:component-scan base-package="com.xiangxue.jack"/>
       *    自定义标签解析流程:
       *     a、根据当前解析标签的头信息找到对应的namespaceUri
       *     b、加载spring所以jar中的spring.handlers文件。并建立映射关系
       *     c、根据namespaceUri从映射关系中找到对应的实现了NamespaceHandler接口的类
       *     d、调用类的init方法,init方法是注册了各种自定义标签的解析类
       *     e、根据namespaceUri找到对应的解析类,然后调用paser方法完成标签解析
       * 3、把解析出来的xml标签信息封装成BeanDefinition对象
       */
      ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

      // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
      prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

      try {
         // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
         //钩子方法,由子类实现
         postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

         // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
         // 注册beanFactoryPostProcessor对象
         invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
         // 注册beanPostProcessor实例,在bean创建的时候实现拦截
         registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Initialize message source for this context.
         // 国际化,重要程度2
         initMessageSource();

         // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
         // 初始化时间管理类
         initApplicationEventMulticaster();

         // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
         //此方法着重理解模板设计模式,因为在springboot中,这个方法是用来做内嵌tomcat启动的
         onRefresh();

         // Check for listener beans and register them.
         // 往时间管理类中注册事件类
         registerListeners();

         // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
         /*
          * 在之前已经实例化了BeanFactoryPostProcessor以及beanPostProcessor
          * 下面开始实例化剩下的所有非懒加载的单例对象
          */
         finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

         // Last step: publish corresponding event.
         finishRefresh();
      }

      catch (BeansException ex) {
         if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                  "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
         }

         // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
         destroyBeans();

         // Reset 'active' flag.
         cancelRefresh(ex);

         // Propagate exception to caller.
         throw ex;
      }

      finally {
         // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
         // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
         resetCommonCaches();
      }
   }
}

5. obtainFreshBeanFactory()辨析

//父类AbstractApplicationContext方法
protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
   //核心方法,必须读,重要程度:5
   //此方法是钩子方法,在子类中实现
   refreshBeanFactory();
   return getBeanFactory();
}

6. refreshBeanFactory()辨析

//AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext(继承AbstractApplicationContext)
protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {

   //如果BeanFactory不为空,则清除BeanFactory和里面的实例
   if (hasBeanFactory()) {
      destroyBeans();
      closeBeanFactory();
   }
   try {
      //创建DefaultListableBeanFactory
      DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();
      beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());

      //设置是否可以循环依赖 allowCircularReferences
      //是否允许使用相同名称重新注册不同的bean实现.
      customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);

      //解析xml,并把xml中的标签封装成BeanDefinition对象,调用子类方法
      loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
      synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
         this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
      }
   }
   catch (IOException ex) {
      throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
   }
}

7. loadBeanDefinitions()辨析

//AbstractXmlApplicationContext类(继承AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext)
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException, IOException {
   // Create a new XmlBeanDefinitionReader for the given BeanFactory.
   //创建xml的解析器,这里是一个委托模式
   XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);

   // Configure the bean definition reader with this context's
   // resource loading environment.
   beanDefinitionReader.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment());

   //这里传一个this进去,因为ApplicationContext是实现了ResourceLoader接口的
   beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this);
   beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this));

   // Allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader,
   // then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions.
   initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader);

   //主要看这个方法  重要程度 5
   loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);
}
//当前类
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws BeansException, IOException {
   Resource[] configResources = getConfigResources();
   if (configResources != null) {
      reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configResources);
   }
   //获取需要加载的xml配置文件
   // 在第一步classPathXmlApplicationContext构造器中,已经初始化了configLocation
   String[] configLocations = getConfigLocations();
   if (configLocations != null) {
      reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocations);
   }
}

8. 委托给reader来解析 reader.loadBeanDefinitions()

//AbstractBeanDefinitionReader类中方法
public int loadBeanDefinitions(String... locations) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
   Assert.notNull(locations, "Location array must not be null");
   int count = 0;
   //配置文件有多个,加载多个配置文件,循环解析
   for (String location : locations) {
       //调用当前类的方法
      count += loadBeanDefinitions(location);
   }
   return count;
}

@Override
public int loadBeanDefinitions(String location) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
    //调用当前类的方法
   return loadBeanDefinitions(location, null);
}
public int loadBeanDefinitions(String location, @Nullable Set<Resource> actualResources) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
   //之前AbstractXmlApplicationContext类中loadBeanDefinitions()方法中
   //beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this);传入的this,用于此处拿到上下文对象
   ResourceLoader resourceLoader = getResourceLoader();
   if (resourceLoader == null) {
      throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
            "Cannot load bean definitions from location [" + location + "]: no ResourceLoader available");
   }

   if (resourceLoader instanceof ResourcePatternResolver) {
      // Resource pattern matching available.
      try {
         //把字符串类型的xml文件路径,形如:classpath*:user/**/*-context.xml,转换成Resource对象类型,其实就是用流
         //的方式加载配置文件,然后封装成Resource对象,不重要,可以不看
         Resource[] resources = ((ResourcePatternResolver) resourceLoader).getResources(location);

         //主要看这个方法 ** 重要程度 5
         //调用当前类的方法-重载
         int count = loadBeanDefinitions(resources);
         if (actualResources != null) {
            Collections.addAll(actualResources, resources);
         }
         if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("Loaded " + count + " bean definitions from location pattern [" + location + "]");
         }
         return count;
      }
      catch (IOException ex) {
         throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
               "Could not resolve bean definition resource pattern [" + location + "]", ex);
      }
   }
   else {
      // Can only load single resources by absolute URL.
      // 这个Resource仅仅能够加载单个的绝对路径的xml配置文件
      Resource resource = resourceLoader.getResource(location);
      int count = loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
      if (actualResources != null) {
         actualResources.add(resource);
      }
      if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
         logger.trace("Loaded " + count + " bean definitions from location [" + location + "]");
      }
      return count;
   }
}

public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource... resources) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
   Assert.notNull(resources, "Resource array must not be null");
   int count = 0;
   for (Resource resource : resources) {
      //模板设计模式,调用到子类中的方法
      count += loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
   }
   return count;
}

9. EncodedResource带编码的对Resource对象的封装,将inputSource对象封装成Documet对象

//子类XmlBeanDefinitionReader中的方法(继承AbstractBeanDefinitionReader)
//对接口BeanDefinitionReader的实现
public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
   //EncodedResource带编码的对Resource对象的封装
   return loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource));
}

//从资源Resource中拿到输入流InputStream,维护到InputSource中,然后调用doLoaderBeanDefinitions解析
public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
   Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null");
   if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
      logger.trace("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource);
   }

   Set<EncodedResource> currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get();
   if (currentResources == null) {
      currentResources = new HashSet<>(4);
      this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources);
   }
   if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) {
      throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
            "Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!");
   }
   try {
      //获取Resource对象中的xml文件流对象
      InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream();
      try {
         //InputSource是jdk中的sax xml文件解析对象
         InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream);
         if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) {
            inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding());
         }
         //主要看这个方法 **  重要程度 5-    *****加载beanDefinition*****
         return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
      }
      finally {
         inputStream.close();
      }
   }
   catch (IOException ex) {
      throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
            "IOException parsing XML document from " + encodedResource.getResource(), ex);
   }
   finally {
      currentResources.remove(encodedResource);
      if (currentResources.isEmpty()) {
         this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.remove();
      }
   }
}

protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource)
      throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

   try {
      //把inputSource 封装成Document文件对象,这是jdk的API
      Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);

      //主要看这个方法,根据解析出来的document对象,拿到里面的标签元素封装成BeanDefinition
      int count = registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
         logger.debug("Loaded " + count + " bean definitions from " + resource);
      }
      return count;
   }
   //异常此处略去......
}

10. 解析为document对象,之后就要注册beanDefinition了

  • 在spring的加载过程中,BeanDefinition是一个重要的数据结构,它是在创建对象之前,对象数据的一种存在形式
  • xml —— beanDefinition ——bean 从xml配置bean,到解析xml创建 beanDefinition,到从beanDefinition实例为 bean对象,这是一个流程。
//XmlBeanDefinitionReader类
public int registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
   //又来一记委托模式,BeanDefinitionDocumentReader委托这个类进行document的解析
   BeanDefinitionDocumentReader documentReader = createBeanDefinitionDocumentReader();
   int countBefore = getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount();
   //主要看这个方法,createReaderContext(resource) XmlReaderContext上下文,封装了XmlBeanDefinitionReader对象
   documentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(doc, createReaderContext(resource));
   return getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount() - countBefore;
}

11. 通过上一个委托进行注册beanDefinition

  • spring将xml文件封装成了Document对象,然后委托给BeanDefinitionDocumentReader来解析
//DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader(实现BeanDefinitionDocumentReader接口)
public void registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext) {
   this.readerContext = readerContext;
   //主要看这个方法,把root节点传进去
   //注册beanDefinition,将document中root元素传入
   doRegisterBeanDefinitions(doc.getDocumentElement());
}

//委托给document的解析器,入参为document的根元素,就是spring-context.xml的beans元素:
protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) {
   BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate;
   this.delegate = createDelegate(getReaderContext(), root, parent);

   if (this.delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
      String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE);
      if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) {
         String[] specifiedProfiles = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(
               profileSpec, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
         // We cannot use Profiles.of(...) since profile expressions are not supported
         // in XML config. See SPR-12458 for details.
         if (!getReaderContext().getEnvironment().acceptsProfiles(specifiedProfiles)) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
               logger.debug("Skipped XML bean definition file due to specified profiles [" + profileSpec +
                     "] not matching: " + getReaderContext().getResource());
            }
            return;
         }
      }
   }
   //冗余设计,这里有两个钩子方法,典型的模板设计,由子类去实现
   preProcessXml(root);

   //主要看这个方法,标签具体解析过程
   //具体的解析document对象,注册beanDefinition的逻辑在这里实现
   parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate);
   postProcessXml(root);

   this.delegate = parent;
}

protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
    //判断根元素的命名空间是否为空或者是 xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
      NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
      for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
         Node node = nl.item(i);
         if (node instanceof Element) {
            Element ele = (Element) node;
            if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
               //默认标签解析,bean,import等
               parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
            }
            else {
               //自定义标签解析, context等
               // a、根据当前解析标签的头信息找到对应的namespaceUri
               // b、加载spring所以jar中的spring.handlers文件。并建立映射关系
               // c、根据namespaceUri从映射关系中找到对应的实现了NamespaceHandler接口的类
               // d、调用类的init方法,init方法是注册了各种自定义标签的解析类
               // e、根据namespaceUri找到对应的解析类,然后调用paser方法完成标签解析
               delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);//***********重点
            }
         }
      }
   }
   else {
      delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
   }
}

总结:

  • 上述是启动spring流程的第一步,解析配置文件,当然我们这里是以xml配置的方式分析。也可能是注解配置的方法,后续再来分析注解方式。
  • 创建applicationContext对象,将xml文件的路径维护到AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext的属性上
  • refresh启动spring流程,这里是spring启动的核心流程
  • 第一步 obtainBeanFactory ,这这个方法里,会创建bean工厂,加载xml文件,委托给XmlBeanDefinitionReader解析
  • XmlBeanDefinitionReader 将xml字符串路径封装为Resource对象,再转为InputStream流,最后把输入流生成Document对象,然后委托给BeanDefinitionDocumentReader解析。

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