SpringBoot + FFmpeg实现一个简单的M3U8切片转码系统

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KevinBlandy
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    使用大名鼎鼎的ffmpeg，把视频文件切片成m3u8，并且通过springboot，可以实现在线的点播。

    想法

    客户端上传视频到服务器，服务器对视频进行切片后，返回m3u8，封面等访问路径。可以在线的播放。
    服务器可以对视频做一些简单的处理，例如裁剪，封面的截取时间。

    视频转码文件夹的定义

    喜羊羊与灰太狼  // 文件夹名称就是视频标题
  |-index.m3u8  // 主m3u8文件，里面可以配置多个码率的播放地址
  |-poster.jpg  // 截取的封面图片
  |-ts      // 切片目录
    |-index.m3u8  // 切片播放索引
    |-key   // 播放需要解密的AES KEY

    实现

    需要先在本机安装FFmpeg，并且添加到PATH环境变量，如果不会先通过搜索引擎找找资料

    工程

    pom

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>


    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.5</version>
        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <executable>true</executable>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

    配置文件

    

server:
  port: 80


app:
  # 存储转码视频的文件夹地址
  video-folder: "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\tmp"

spring:
  servlet:
    multipart:
      enabled: true
      # 不限制文件大小
      max-file-size: -1
      # 不限制请求体大小
      max-request-size: -1
      # 临时IO目录
      location: "${java.io.tmpdir}"
      # 不延迟解析
      resolve-lazily: false
      # 超过1Mb，就IO到临时目录
      file-size-threshold: 1MB
  web:
    resources:
      static-locations:
        - "classpath:/static/"
        - "file:${app.video-folder}" # 把视频文件夹目录，添加到静态资源目录列表

    TranscodeConfig，用于控制转码的一些参数

    package com.demo.ffmpeg;

public class TranscodeConfig {
    private String poster;                // 截取封面的时间            HH:mm:ss.[SSS]
    private String tsSeconds;            // ts分片大小，单位是秒
    private String cutStart;            // 视频裁剪，开始时间        HH:mm:ss.[SSS]
    private String cutEnd;                // 视频裁剪，结束时间        HH:mm:ss.[SSS]
    public String getPoster() {
        return poster;
    }

    public void setPoster(String poster) {
        this.poster = poster;
    }

    public String getTsSeconds() {
        return tsSeconds;
    }

    public void setTsSeconds(String tsSeconds) {
        this.tsSeconds = tsSeconds;
    }

    public String getCutStart() {
        return cutStart;
    }

    public void setCutStart(String cutStart) {
        this.cutStart = cutStart;
    }

    public String getCutEnd() {
        return cutEnd;
    }

    public void setCutEnd(String cutEnd) {
        this.cutEnd = cutEnd;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "TranscodeConfig [poster=" + poster + ", tsSeconds=" + tsSeconds + ", cutStart=" + cutStart + ", cutEnd="
                + cutEnd + "]";
    }
}

    MediaInfo，封装视频的一些基础信息

    package com.demo.ffmpeg;

import java.util.List;

import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;

public class MediaInfo {
    public static class Format {
        @SerializedName("bit_rate")
        private String bitRate;
        public String getBitRate() {
            return bitRate;
        }
        public void setBitRate(String bitRate) {
            this.bitRate = bitRate;
        }
    }

    public static class Stream {
        @SerializedName("index")
        private int index;

        @SerializedName("codec_name")
        private String codecName;

        @SerializedName("codec_long_name")
        private String codecLongame;

        @SerializedName("profile")
        private String profile;
    }
    
    // ----------------------------------

    @SerializedName("streams")
    private List<Stream> streams;

    @SerializedName("format")
    private Format format;

    public List<Stream> getStreams() {
        return streams;
    }

    public void setStreams(List<Stream> streams) {
        this.streams = streams;
    }

    public Format getFormat() {
        return format;
    }

    public void setFormat(Format format) {
        this.format = format;
    }
}

    FFmpegUtils，工具类封装FFmpeg的一些操作

    package com.demo.ffmpeg;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import com.google.gson.Gson;


public class FFmpegUtils {
    
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FFmpegUtils.class);
    
    
    // 跨平台换行符
    private static final String LINE_SEPARATOR = System.getProperty("line.separator");
    
    /**
     * 生成随机16个字节的AESKEY
     * @return
     */
    private static byte[] genAesKey ()  {
        try {
            KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
            keyGenerator.init(128);
            return keyGenerator.generateKey().getEncoded();
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 在指定的目录下生成key_info, key文件，返回key_info文件
     * @param folder
     * @throws IOException 
     */
    private static Path genKeyInfo(String folder) throws IOException {
        // AES 密钥
        byte[] aesKey = genAesKey();
        // AES 向量
        String iv = Hex.encodeHexString(genAesKey());
        
        // key 文件写入
        Path keyFile = Paths.get(folder, "key");
        Files.write(keyFile, aesKey, StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);

        // key_info 文件写入
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        stringBuilder.append("key").append(LINE_SEPARATOR);                    // m3u8加载key文件网络路径
        stringBuilder.append(keyFile.toString()).append(LINE_SEPARATOR);    // FFmeg加载key_info文件路径
        stringBuilder.append(iv);                                            // ASE 向量
        
        Path keyInfo = Paths.get(folder, "key_info");
        
        Files.write(keyInfo, stringBuilder.toString().getBytes(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);
        
        return keyInfo;
    }
    
    /**
     * 指定的目录下生成 master index.m3u8 文件
     * @param fileName            master m3u8文件地址
     * @param indexPath            访问子index.m3u8的路径
     * @param bandWidth            流码率
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static void genIndex(String file, String indexPath, String bandWidth) throws IOException {
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        stringBuilder.append("#EXTM3U").append(LINE_SEPARATOR);
        stringBuilder.append("#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=" + bandWidth).append(LINE_SEPARATOR);  // 码率
        stringBuilder.append(indexPath);
        Files.write(Paths.get(file), stringBuilder.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);
    }
    
    /**
     * 转码视频为m3u8
     * @param source                源视频
     * @param destFolder            目标文件夹
     * @param config                配置信息
     * @throws IOException 
     * @throws InterruptedException 
     */
    public static void transcodeToM3u8(String source, String destFolder, TranscodeConfig config) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        
        // 判断源视频是否存在
        if (!Files.exists(Paths.get(source))) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("文件不存在：" + source);
        }
        
        // 创建工作目录
        Path workDir = Paths.get(destFolder, "ts");
        Files.createDirectories(workDir);
        
        // 在工作目录生成KeyInfo文件
        Path keyInfo = genKeyInfo(workDir.toString());
        
        // 构建命令
        List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();
        commands.add("ffmpeg");            
        commands.add("-i")                        ;commands.add(source);                    // 源文件
        commands.add("-c:v")                    ;commands.add("libx264");                // 视频编码为H264
        commands.add("-c:a")                    ;commands.add("copy");                    // 音频直接copy
        commands.add("-hls_key_info_file")        ;commands.add(keyInfo.toString());        // 指定密钥文件路径
        commands.add("-hls_time")                ;commands.add(config.getTsSeconds());    // ts切片大小
        commands.add("-hls_playlist_type")        ;commands.add("vod");                    // 点播模式
        commands.add("-hls_segment_filename")    ;commands.add("%06d.ts");                // ts切片文件名称
        
        if (StringUtils.hasText(config.getCutStart())) {
            commands.add("-ss")                    ;commands.add(config.getCutStart());    // 开始时间
        }
        if (StringUtils.hasText(config.getCutEnd())) {
            commands.add("-to")                    ;commands.add(config.getCutEnd());        // 结束时间
        }
        commands.add("index.m3u8");                                                        // 生成m3u8文件
        
        // 构建进程
        Process process = new ProcessBuilder()
            .command(commands)
            .directory(workDir.toFile())
            .start()
            ;
        
        // 读取进程标准输出
        new Thread(() -> {
            try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {
                String line = null;
                while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                    LOGGER.info(line);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
        }).start();
        
        // 读取进程异常输出
        new Thread(() -> {
            try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) {
                String line = null;
                while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                    LOGGER.info(line);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
        }).start();
        
        
        // 阻塞直到任务结束
        if (process.waitFor() != 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("视频切片异常");
        }
        
        // 切出封面
        if (!screenShots(source, String.join(File.separator, destFolder, "poster.jpg"), config.getPoster())) {
            throw new RuntimeException("封面截取异常");
        }
        
        // 获取视频信息
        MediaInfo mediaInfo = getMediaInfo(source);
        if (mediaInfo == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("获取媒体信息异常");
        }
        
        // 生成index.m3u8文件
        genIndex(String.join(File.separator, destFolder, "index.m3u8"), "ts/index.m3u8", mediaInfo.getFormat().getBitRate());
        
        // 删除keyInfo文件
        Files.delete(keyInfo);
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取视频文件的媒体信息
     * @param source
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public static MediaInfo getMediaInfo(String source) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();
        commands.add("ffprobe");    
        commands.add("-i")                ;commands.add(source);
        commands.add("-show_format");
        commands.add("-show_streams");
        commands.add("-print_format")    ;commands.add("json");
        
        Process process = new ProcessBuilder(commands)
                .start();
         
        MediaInfo mediaInfo = null;
        
        try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {
            mediaInfo = new Gson().fromJson(bufferedReader, MediaInfo.class);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        if (process.waitFor() != 0) {
            return null;
        }
        
        return mediaInfo;
    }
    
    /**
     * 截取视频的指定时间帧，生成图片文件
     * @param source        源文件
     * @param file            图片文件
     * @param time            截图时间 HH:mm:ss.[SSS]        
     * @throws IOException 
     * @throws InterruptedException 
     */
    public static boolean screenShots(String source, String file, String time) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        
        List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();
        commands.add("ffmpeg");    
        commands.add("-i")                ;commands.add(source);
        commands.add("-ss")                ;commands.add(time);
        commands.add("-y");
        commands.add("-q:v")            ;commands.add("1");
        commands.add("-frames:v")        ;commands.add("1");
        commands.add("-f");                ;commands.add("image2");
        commands.add(file);
        
        Process process = new ProcessBuilder(commands)
                    .start();
        
        // 读取进程标准输出
        new Thread(() -> {
            try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {
                String line = null;
                while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                    LOGGER.info(line);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
        }).start();
        
        // 读取进程异常输出
        new Thread(() -> {
            try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) {
                String line = null;
                while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                    LOGGER.error(line);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
        }).start();
        
        return process.waitFor() == 0;
    }
}

    UploadController，执行转码操作

    package com.demo.web.controller;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestPart;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import com.demo.ffmpeg.FFmpegUtils;
import com.demo.ffmpeg.TranscodeConfig;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public class UploadController {
    
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UploadController.class);
    
    @Value("${app.video-folder}")
    private String videoFolder;

    private Path tempDir = Paths.get(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
    
    /**
     * 上传视频进行切片处理，返回访问路径
     * @param video
     * @param transcodeConfig
     * @return
     * @throws IOException 
     */
    @PostMapping
    public Object upload (@RequestPart(name = "file", required = true) MultipartFile video,
                        @RequestPart(name = "config", required = true) TranscodeConfig transcodeConfig) throws IOException {
        
        LOGGER.info("文件信息：title={}, size={}", video.getOriginalFilename(), video.getSize());
        LOGGER.info("转码配置：{}", transcodeConfig);
        
        // 原始文件名称，也就是视频的标题
        String title = video.getOriginalFilename();
        
        // io到临时文件
        Path tempFile = tempDir.resolve(title);
        LOGGER.info("io到临时文件：{}", tempFile.toString());
        
        try {
            
            video.transferTo(tempFile);
            
            // 删除后缀
            title = title.substring(0, title.lastIndexOf("."));
            
            // 按照日期生成子目录
            String today = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMdd").format(LocalDate.now());
            
            // 尝试创建视频目录
            Path targetFolder = Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(videoFolder, today, title));
            
            LOGGER.info("创建文件夹目录：{}", targetFolder);
            Files.createDirectories(targetFolder);
            
            // 执行转码操作
            LOGGER.info("开始转码");
            try {
                FFmpegUtils.transcodeToM3u8(tempFile.toString(), targetFolder.toString(), transcodeConfig);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                LOGGER.error("转码异常：{}", e.getMessage());
                Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
                result.put("success", false);
                result.put("message", e.getMessage());
                return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(result);
            }
            
            // 封装结果
            Map<String, Object> videoInfo = new HashMap<>();
            videoInfo.put("title", title);
            videoInfo.put("m3u8", String.join("/", "", today, title, "index.m3u8"));
            videoInfo.put("poster", String.join("/", "", today, title, "poster.jpg"));
            
            Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
            result.put("success", true);
            result.put("data", videoInfo);
            return result;
        } finally {
            // 始终删除临时文件
            Files.delete(tempFile);
        }
    }
}

    index.html，客户端

    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/hls.js/latest/hls.min.js"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
        选择转码文件： <input name="file" type="file" accept="video/*" onchange="upload(event)">
        <hr/>
        <video id="video"  width="500" height="400" controls="controls"></video>
    </body>
    <script>
    
           const video = document.getElementById('video');
        
        function upload (e){
            let files = e.target.files
            if (!files) {
                return
            }
            
            // TODO 转码配置这里固定死了
            var transCodeConfig = {
                poster: "00:00:00.001", // 截取第1毫秒作为封面
                tsSeconds: 15,                
                cutStart: "",
                cutEnd: ""
            }
            
            // 执行上传
            let formData = new FormData();
            formData.append("file", files[0])
            formData.append("config", new Blob([JSON.stringify(transCodeConfig)], {type: "application/json; charset=utf-8"}))

            fetch('/upload', {
                method: 'POST',
                body: formData
            })
            .then(resp =>  resp.json())
            .then(message => {
                if (message.success){
                    // 设置封面
                    video.poster = message.data.poster;
                    
                    // 渲染到播放器
                    var hls = new Hls();
                    hls.loadSource(message.data.m3u8);
                    hls.attachMedia(video);
                } else {
                    alert("转码异常，详情查看控制台");
                    console.log(message.message);
                }
            })
            .catch(err => {
                alert("转码异常，详情查看控制台");
                throw err
            })
        }
    </script>
</html>

    使用

    1. 在配置文件中，配置到本地视频目录后启动
    2. 打开页面 localhost
    3. 点击【选择文件】，选择一个视频文件进行上传，等待执行完毕（没有做加载动画）
    4. 后端转码完成后，会自动把视频信息加载到播放器，此时可以手动点击播放按钮进行播放

    可以打开控制台，查看上传进度，以及播放时的网络加载信息

    首发： https://springboot.io/t/topic/3669

    springbootffmpeg
    KevinBlandy
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