【菜鸟IT大讲堂】配置OSPF

实验目的

1. 了解OSPF的运行原理
2. 掌握OSPF的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

1. 根据实验拓扑图，完成设备的基本配置；
2. 分别在R1、R2、R3上创建Loopback0接口，IP地址分别是1.1.1.1/32、2.2.2.2/32、3.3.3.3/32，Loopback0地址作为OSPF的Router-ID；
3. 根据实验拓扑图的区域划分，在R1、R2、R3上配置OSPF，使得全网路由可达。

实验步骤

步骤1：设备的基本配置

配置PC1：

VPCS> set pcname PC1 //设置主机名

PC1> ip 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.254 //设置IP地址与网关

配置PC2：

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 192.168.2.1/24 192.168.2.254

配置R1：

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface loopback0

R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2：

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface loopback0

R2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置R3：

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R3(config)#line console 0

R3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R3(config-line)#logging synchronous

R3(config-line)#exit

R3(config)#interface loopback0

R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial1/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#end

R3#

步骤2：检查设备接口状态

检查PC1：

PC1> show ip

NAME : PC1[1]

IP/MASK : 192.168.1.1/24

GATEWAY : 192.168.1.254

DNS :

MAC : 00:50:79:66:68:04

LPORT : 20000

RHOST:PORT : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU : 1500

检查R1：

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

Ethernet0/0 192.168.1.254 YES manual up up

Ethernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial1/0 192.168.12.1 YES manual up up

Serial1/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial1/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial1/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up

检查R2：

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

Ethernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Ethernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial1/0 192.168.12.2 YES manual up up

Serial1/1 192.168.23.2 YES manual up up

Serial1/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial1/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Loopback0 2.2.2.2 YES manual up up

检查R3：

R3#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

Ethernet0/0 192.168.2.254 YES manual up up

Ethernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial1/0 192.168.23.3 YES manual up up

Serial1/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial1/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial1/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Loopback0 3.3.3.3 YES manual up up

检查PC2：

PC2> show ip

NAME : PC2[1]

IP/MASK : 192.168.2.1/24

GATEWAY : 192.168.2.254

DNS :

MAC : 00:50:79:66:68:05

LPORT : 20000

RHOST:PORT : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU : 1500

步骤3：测试直连网络的连通性

测试PC1跟网关的网络连通性：

PC1> ping 192.168.1.254

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.359 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.459 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.463 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.403 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.417 ms

测试R1跟R2之间的网络连通性：

R1#ping 192.168.12.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/9/10 ms

测试R2跟R3之间的网络连通性：

R2#ping 192.168.23.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.23.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/9/11 ms

测试PC2跟网关的网络连通性：

PC2> ping 192.168.2.254

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.469 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.484 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.518 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.400 ms

84 ytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.405 ms

步骤4：配置OSPF

配置R1：

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#end

R1#

配置R2：

R2(config)#router ospf 1

R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R2(config-router)#end

R2#

配置R3：

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R3(config-router)#end

R3#

实验检查

步骤1：检查OSPF邻居

检查R1：

R1#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:31 192.168.12.2 Serial1/0

Full是完全邻接状态，是正常的状态。

检查R2：

R2#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:31 192.168.12.1 Serial1/0

3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:39 192.168.23.3 Serial1/1

检查R3：

R3#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:33 192.168.23.2 Serial1/0

步骤2：检查OSPF路由

检查R1：

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

a - application route

• • replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L 192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/138] via 192.168.12.2, 00:04:48, Serial1/0

192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L 192.168.12.1/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

O IA 192.168.23.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.12.2, 00:06:10, Serial1/0

R1有两条O IA的路由，O IA表示OSPF区域间的路由；

因为R1所有接口都是属于Area 0，192.168.2.0/24和192.168.23.0/24都是属于Area 1，所以通过R2跨区域传递给R1之后，就形成了O IA路由。

检查R2：

R2#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

a - application route

• • replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0

O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.12.1, 00:09:55, Serial1/0

O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.23.3, 00:08:24, Serial1/1

192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L 192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

L 192.168.23.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1

因为R1既有接口属于Area 0，也有接口属于Area 1；

所以R1的路由表看到的都是O路由，O表示OSPF区域内的路由。