Primary school English grammar (pronouns and adjectives)

pronoun

1. Personal pronouns

Words that mean "I, you, him, her, it, us, you, them".

---	I	you	he	she	it	US	you	them
nominative	I	you	he	she	it	we	you	they
Accusative	me	you	him	her	it	us	you	them

1. The nominative case is generally used as the subject at the beginning of a sentence, usually before a verb.

     I am a student.
     They are cleaning the classroom.

2. The accusative case can be used to represent the object of action, and it is generally used after verbs and prepositions.

     Ask her, please.
     Listen to me carefully.

2. Possessive pronouns

Pronouns that express all relationships.

---	mine	yours	his	her	its	our	Yours	Their
Adjective	my	your	his	her	its	our	your	their
Nominal	mine	yours	his	hers	its	ours	yours	theirs

1. Adjective possessive pronouns are usually followed by nouns.

     my watch, his cousin, our school

2. Nominal possessive pronouns can be regarded as nouns themselves, so nouns can not be added afterwards and can be used alone.

    -- Is that your bike?
    -- No, Mine is blue.

3. Indefinite pronouns

Words that are not explicitly designated to replace a certain person or thing are called indefinite pronouns.

1. some and any both mean "some", which can modify countable nouns or uncountable nouns.

   1. some mostly used in affirmative sentences, and any mostly used in negative sentences and interrogative sentences.

       There are some flowers in the garden.  (肯定句)
       There isn't any milk in the frideg. (否定句)
       Do you have any hobbies?  (疑问句)

   2. some should also be used in interrogative sentences that express an invitation and hope that the other party will give a positive answer.

       -- Would you like some coffee?
       -- Yes, please.  （邀请）
      
       -- Mum, can I have some peaches?
       -- Sure.  （希望对方给予肯定回答）

2. both and all

   1. both means "both..." and only refers to or modifies countable nouns.

       We are both policemen.  （强调两人）

   2. all means "three or more than three...", which can refer to or modify countable nouns, and can also refer to or modify uncountable nouns.

       They are all in the room.  （至少三人）

3. many and much both mean "many", many modifies countable nouns, and much modifies uncountable nouns.

    My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the cup.

4. each and every , each emphasizes the individual, refers to "each" of two or more people or things, every refers to the "total" of many people or things, which is similar in meaning to all

    I'll buy a present for each of her parents.
    （我要为她的父母每人买一件礼物。）

5. other means "other" when used as an adjective, referring to sectors that have not yet been mentioned, and usually followed by plural nouns.

   We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects.

6. something and everything

   1. something means something, something.

       I want something to drink.

   2. everything means everything, everything.

       Tell me everything about you.

7. nobody nobody

   She likes nobody and nobody likes her.

4. Demonstrative pronouns

1. this (this), these (these) indicate people or things that are closer in time or space.
2. that (that), those (those) represent people or things that are far away in time or space.

5. Interrogative pronouns

The pronouns used to express questions or constitute interrogative sentences are generally placed at the beginning of the interrogative sentence.

Interrogative pronouns	meaning	Example sentences
what	what	--What's your name? -- My name is Tom.
what colour	Ask color	--What colour is your coat? --It's red.
what day	Ask the week	--What day is it today? --It's Monday.
what date	Ask the date	--What date is it today? --It's the first of June.
what shape	Ask shape	--What shape is the moon? --It's round.
what ... job	Ask job	--What's your father's job? --He's a bus driver.
what time	Ask time	--What time is it? --It's ten o'clock.
when	Ask when	--When is your birthday? --It's on the first of May.
which	Which to ask	--Which is your watch, this one or that one? --That one.
where	Ask location	--Where is my pen? --It's on the floor.
who	Who to ask	--Who is the boy with big eyes? --He's Liu Tao.
whose	Who asked	--Whose bag is this? --It's Helen's.
why	Ask the reason	--Why are you absent today? --I'm ill
how	Ask way	--How do you go to school? --By bus.
how many	Ask the number	--How many books are there? --There are five.
how much	Ask the price	--How much is it? --Twenty yuan.
how old	Ask age	--How old are you? --I'm twevel
how far	Ask distance	--How far is it from here? --It's about one kilometer.
how about	Ask the situation	--I'm thirsty. How about you? --Me, too.

adjective

Adjectives are used to modify nouns or pronouns and express the nature, state and characteristics of people or things. Its position is usually placed before the modified noun. It can also be placed after the be verb and look , feel , taste , sound , get .
In English, there are three levels of adjectives, namely the original level, the comparative level and the highest level.

1. When the two are "equal", the original level is used, and the structure is: as + original level + as, which means "xx and xx are the same...".

   Are you as tall as your twin sister?

2. It means that the two are "compared" with the comparative level, the structure is: comparative level + than, which means "xx is more than xxx...".

   He's one year younger than me.

3. Compare three or more people or things with the highest adjective. The structure is: the + adjective superlative + in/of and other phrases expressing range, which means "most...".

   Autumn is the best season in New York.
   She is the tallest girl of our three.

Rules for the formation of comparative adjectives

1. er at the end of the word: taller , longer
2. End with the letters e , add only r : late --> later
3. with 161405d9dac73b consonant + y, change y to i , and add er : heavy --> heavier
4. Double write the consonant at the end, plus er : fat --> fatter
5. For the comparison of two-syllable and multi-syllable words, add more before the original: more beautiful , more careful
6. Irregular changes: good --> better , many/much --> more , fat --> farther , bad/ill --> worse