JAVA操作数据库的规范,称为JDBC

引入包:java.sql Javax.sql

数据库驱动包:mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.jar

下载地址:https://mvnrepository.com/art...

Mac OS10.12对应Docker下载地址(2.2.1.0):https://docs.docker.com/deskt...

Docker安装Mysql5

vim docker-compose.yml

docker-compose up -d

version: '3.5'

services:

  dbm:
    image: mysql:5.7
    command: --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
    volumes:
      - './storage/mysql:/var/lib/mysql'
    ports:
      - 3306:3306

注:mysql5.7.11对应的JDBC驱动是5.1版本。

第一个JDBC程序

  1. 创建一个普通项目
  2. 导入数据库驱动:驱动包放入lib文件夹(和src同级),Add as Library
  3. 编写测试代码
import java.sql.*;

public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //1.加载驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2.配置连接信息
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testDB?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false";
        String username = "root";
        String password = "root";
        //3.连接成功,获取connection对象
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
        //4.获取执行Sql的对象statement
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        //5.执行Sql
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM users";
        ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
        while (resultSet.next()) {
            System.out.println("id=" + resultSet.getObject("id"));
        }
        //6.释放资源
        resultSet.close();
        statement.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

JDBC对象解释

statement
statement.executeQuery(sql);//查询操作 返回resultSet
statement.execute(sql);//执行任何Sql
statement.executeUpdate(sql);//更新、插入、删除操作,返回受影响的行数
遍历,指针
resultSet.beforeFirst();//移动到最前面
resultSet.afterLast();//移动到最后面
resultSet.next();//下一行数据
resultSet.previous();//前一行
resultSet.absolute(row);//移动到指定行

statement对象

JDBC中的statement对象用于向数据库发送Sql语句。

配置文件 db.properties

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
username=root
password=root

工具类 JdbcUtils

package com.oop.demo;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JdbcUtils {
    private static String driver = null;
    private static String url = null;
    private static String username = null;
    private static String password = null;

    static {
        try {
            //getClassLoader 类加载器
            InputStream in = JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            properties.load(in);
            driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
            url = properties.getProperty("url");
            username = properties.getProperty("username");
            password = properties.getProperty("password");
            Class.forName(driver);//驱动只需要加载一次
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //获取连接
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
    }

    //释放连接
    public static void release(Connection conn, Statement st, ResultSet rs) {
        try {
            if (conn != null) {
                conn.close();
            }
            if (st != null) {
                st.close();
            }
            if (rs != null) {
                rs.close();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

使用工具类

package com.oop.demo;

import java.sql.*;

public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement st = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
            st = conn.createStatement();
            String sql = "INSERT INTO users(id,name) VALUES(3,'xxx')";
            int i = st.executeUpdate(sql);
            if (i > 0) {
                System.out.println("插入成功");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
        }
    }
}

prepareStatement对象

效率更高,可以防止Sql注入
package com.oop.demo;

import java.sql.*;

public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement st = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
            String sql = "INSERT INTO users(id,name) VALUES(?,?)";//?占位符
            st = conn.prepareStatement(sql);//预编译sql
            st.setInt(1,4);
            st.setString(2,"xxx");
            //st.setDate(3,new java.sql.Date(new Date().getTime()));
            int i = st.executeUpdate();//直接执行
            if (i > 0) {
                System.out.println("插入成功");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
        }
    }
}

JDBC操作事务

ACID原则:原子性,一致性,隔离性,持久性

原子性:要么全部完成,要么全不完成

一致性:总数不变

隔离性:多个进程互不干扰

持久性:提交后不可逆,持久化到数据库了

隔离性常见问题:

脏读:一个事务读取了另一个没有提交的事务

不可重复读:同一事务内,重复读取表数据,表数据发生改变(不知道用哪个数据了)

虚读(幻读):事务内读取到别人插入的数据,导致前后结果不一致(读着读着数据变多了)

package com.oop.demo;

import java.sql.*;

public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement st = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
            //关闭数据库的自动提交功能,会自动开启事务
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);
            String sql1 = "UPDATE users SET name='xxx' WHERE id=1";
            st = conn.prepareStatement(sql1);
            st.executeUpdate();
            String sql2 = "UPDATE users SET name='yyy' WHERE id=2";
            st = conn.prepareStatement(sql2);
            st.executeUpdate();
            //业务完毕,提交事务
            conn.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            try {
                //失败回滚
                conn.rollback();
            } catch (SQLException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
        }
    }
}

数据库连接池

池化技术:预先准备一些资源,请求过来连接预先准备好的资源

常用概念:最小连接数,最大连接数,等待超时

原理:编写连接池,实现DataSource接口

开源数据实现:DBCP,C3P0,Druid
DBCP

需要用到的jar包:commons-dbsp-1.4.jar commons-pool-1.6.jar

//加载配置文件
InputStream in = JdbcUtils_DBCP.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("dbcpconfig.properties");
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(in);
//创建数据源
dataSOurce = BasicDataSOurceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
//获取连接
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    return dataSource.getConnection();//使用数据源获取连接
}
C3P0

需要用到的jar包:c3p0-0.9.5.5.jar mchange-commons-java-0.2.19.jar

/src/c3p0-config.xml <named-config name="MYSQL">...</named-config>

//代码版
dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass();
dataSource.setUser();
dataSource.setPassword();
dataSource.setJdbcUrl();

//配置文件
dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource("MYSQL");
//获取连接
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    return dataSource.getConnection();
}

结论:无论是哪种连接池,DataSource接口不变,方法就不会变


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