20个提升效率的JS简写技巧

正文
简写技巧
当同时声明多个变量时，可简写成一行
//Longhand
let x;
let y = 20;

//Shorthand
let x, y = 20;
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利用解构，可为多个变量同时赋值
//Longhand
let a, b, c;

a = 5;
b = 8;
c = 12;

//Shorthand
let [a, b, c] = [5, 8, 12];
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巧用三元运算符简化if else
//Longhand
let marks = 26;
let result;
if (marks >= 30) {
result = 'Pass';
} else {
result = 'Fail';
}

//Shorthand
let result = marks >= 30 ? 'Pass' : 'Fail';
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使用||运算符给变量指定默认值
本质是利用了||运算符的特点，当前面的表达式的结果转成布尔值为false时，则值为后面表达式的结果

//Longhand
let imagePath;

let path = getImagePath();

if (path !== null && path !== undefined && path !== '') {

imagePath = path;

} else {

imagePath = 'default.jpg';

}

//Shorthand
let imagePath = getImagePath() || 'default.jpg';
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使用&&运算符简化if语句
例如某个函数在某个条件为真时才调用，可简写

//Longhand
if (isLoggedin) {

goToHomepage();

}

//Shorthand
isLoggedin && goToHomepage();
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使用解构交换两个变量的值
let x = 'Hello', y = 55;

//Longhand
const temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;

//Shorthand
[x, y] = [y, x];
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适用箭头函数简化函数
//Longhand
function add(num1, num2) {
return num1 + num2;
}

//Shorthand
const add = (num1, num2) => num1 + num2;
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需要注意箭头函数和普通函数的区别

使用字符串模板简化代码
使用模板字符串代替原始的字符串拼接
//Longhand
console.log('You got a missed call from ' + number + ' at ' + time);

//Shorthand
console.log(You got a missed call from ${number} at ${time});
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多行字符串也可使用字符串模板简化
//Longhand
console.log('JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a\n' +

        'programming language that conforms to the \n' + 
        'ECMAScript specification. JavaScript is high-level,\n' + 
        'often just-in-time compiled, and multi-paradigm.'
        );

//Shorthand
console.log(`JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a

        programming language that conforms to the
        ECMAScript specification. JavaScript is high-level,
        often just-in-time compiled, and multi-paradigm.`
        );

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对于多值匹配，可将所有值放在数组中，通过数组方法来简写
//Longhand
if (value === 1 || value === 'one' || value === 2 || value === 'two') {
// Execute some code
}

// Shorthand 1
if ([1, 'one', 2, 'two'].indexOf(value) >= 0) {
// Execute some code
}

// Shorthand 2
if ([1, 'one', 2, 'two'].includes(value)) {

// Execute some code 

}
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巧用ES6对象的简洁语法
例如，当属性名和变量名相同时，可直接缩写为一个

let firstname = 'Amitav';
let lastname = 'Mishra';

//Longhand
let obj = {firstname: firstname, lastname: lastname};

//Shorthand
let obj = {firstname, lastname};
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使用一元运算符简化字符串转数字
//Longhand
let total = parseInt('453');
let average = parseFloat('42.6');

//Shorthand
let total = +'453';
let average = +'42.6';
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使用repeat()方法简化重复一个字符串
//Longhand
let str = '';
for(let i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
str += 'Hello ';
}
console.log(str); // Hello Hello Hello Hello Hello

// Shorthand
'Hello '.repeat(5);

// 想跟你说100声抱歉！
'sorry\n'.repeat(100);
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使用双星号代替Math.pow()
//Longhand
const power = Math.pow(4, 3); // 64

// Shorthand
const power = 4**3; // 64
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使用双波浪线运算符（~~）代替Math.floor()
//Longhand
const floor = Math.floor(6.8); // 6

// Shorthand
const floor = ~~6.8; // 6
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需要注意，~~仅适用于小于2147483647的数字

巧用扩展操作符（...）简化代码
简化数组合并
let arr1 = [20, 30];

//Longhand
let arr2 = arr1.concat([60, 80]); // [20, 30, 60, 80]

//Shorthand
let arr2 = [...arr1, 60, 80]; // [20, 30, 60, 80]
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单层对象的拷贝
let obj = {x: 20, y: {z: 30}};

//Longhand
const makeDeepClone = (obj) => {
let newObject = {};
Object.keys(obj).map(key => {

  if(typeof obj[key] === 'object'){
      newObject[key] = makeDeepClone(obj[key]);
  } else {
      newObject[key] = obj[key];
  }

});

return newObject;
}

const cloneObj = makeDeepClone(obj);

//Shorthand
const cloneObj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));

//Shorthand for single level object
let obj = {x: 20, y: 'hello'};
const cloneObj = {...obj};
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寻找数组中的最大和最小值
// Shorthand
const arr = [2, 8, 15, 4];
Math.max(...arr); // 15
Math.min(...arr); // 2
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使用for in和for of来简化普通for循环
let arr = [10, 20, 30, 40];

//Longhand
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
console.log(arr[i]);
}

//Shorthand
//for of loop
for (const val of arr) {
console.log(val);
}

//for in loop
for (const index in arr) {
console.log(arr[index]);
}
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简化获取字符串中的某个字符
let str = 'jscurious.com';

//Longhand
str.charAt(2); // c

//Shorthand
str[2]; // c
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移除对象属性
let obj = {x: 45, y: 72, z: 68, p: 98};

// Longhand
delete obj.x;
delete obj.p;
console.log(obj); // {y: 72, z: 68}

// Shorthand
let {x, p, ...newObj} = obj;
console.log(newObj); // {y: 72, z: 68}
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使用arr.filter(Boolean)过滤掉数组成员的值falsey
let arr = [12, null, 0, 'xyz', null, -25, NaN, '', undefined, 0.5, false];

//Longhand
let filterArray = arr.filter(function(value) {

if(value) return value;

});
// filterArray = [12, "xyz", -25, 0.5]

// Shorthand
let filterArray = arr.filter(Boolean);
// filterArray = [12, "xyz", -25, 0.5]
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THE END
文章（除了代码）都是以本人自己的语言组织，且有删减

正文部分的代码，Longhand表示常规写法，Shorthand表示简写形式

以上就是本文的所有内容，如有问题欢迎留言🌹~

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