Ubuntu20.04 Compile and install python3.10 from source code

Ubuntu 22.04 Release Date
Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish is scheduled for release on April 21, 2022
If you're ready to use Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish, you can either upgrade your current Ubuntu system or download Ubuntu 22.04 and install it from ISO.

Ubuntu22 is still a few months away, and the Python version that comes with it will be 3.10, but I want to use it on Ubuntu20.04 too!

The Python version that comes with Ubuntu20.04 is 3.8. If you want to install python3.9, you can use this command: sudo apt install python3.9

The repository of Ubuntu20.04 does not include python3.10, so let's compile and install it from the source code!

Preparations, first install dependencies

 sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install git gcc g++ build-essential checkinstall openssl
sudo apt install uuid-dev libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev liblzma-dev libssl-dev libgdbm-compat-dev libffi-dev libreadline-dev

There is no libreadline-gplv2-dev under debian
ubuntu22.04 has no libreadline-gplv2-dev: E: Package 'libreadline-gplv2-dev' has no installation candidate

I downloaded the python3.10 source code package to the ~/Downloads directory and installed python3.10 to the ~/opt/python/cpython directory
Regarding the choice of installation path:
Q: Why put it in the user path instead of the system path? A: Because for me, I just need him to run under the user path, because this is just a development environment.
Q: Why is cpython added to the path? A: Because I not only need to install the cpython interpreter, but sometimes also need to use the pypy interpreter and so on. So the cpython interpreter can be placed in the ~/opt/python/cpython directory; the pypy interpreter can be placed in the ~/opt/python/pypy directory;
Q: How to manage multiple versions? A: cpython3.10 is like this: ~/opt/python/cpython/python3.10 ;cpython3.9 is like this: ~/opt/python/cpython/python3.9 ;pypy3.9 is like this: ~/opt/python/pypy/python3.9

Download Python source code

Go to the ~/opt directory and execute the following command to download the compressed package of the source code

 sudo curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.1/Python-3.10.1.tgz

You can also go to the official website to download: https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3104/
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unzip

 tar zxvf ./Python-3.10.1.tgz

If not .tgz suffix, but .tar.xz , use tar -xvf Python-3.10.2.tar.xz to decompress

Check

 ╭─bot@amd-5700G ~/Downloads
╰─➤  ll | grep Python                                                     
 6439688 drwxr-xr-x     16    -        - bot  bot    7 Dec  2021  Python-3.10.1
 6439619 .rw-rw-r--      1  25M    48952 bot  bot    2 Jan 13:58  Python-3.10.1.tgz

Prepare the installation path

 mkdir -p ~/opt/python/cpython/python3.10

The mkdir command plus -p parameters can create a multi-level directory at one time

Install

 cd ~/Downloads/Python-3.10.1
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=/home/vobile/opt/python/cpython/python3.10
sudo make -j8 
sudo make install

sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=/home/vobile/opt/python/cpython/python3.10 is the configuration compilation parameter
sudo make -j8 is the compilation. -j8 indicates that 8 cores are compiled in parallel to improve the speed (by default, only one processor is used to compile, which is too slow, we multi-process parallel processing: sudo make -j8,-j8 means to use 8 processors , if your processor only has 4, change it to 4)
--prefix=/home/bot/opt/python/cpython/python3.10 This must not be less, and do not bring ~ , but an absolute path.
sudo make install indicates installation, that is, cpoy the compiled result to the directory specified by --prefix

Once installed, it looks like the following

 ╭─bot@amd-5700G ~/opt/python3.10.1
╰─➤  ll
  inode Permissions Links Size Blocks User Group Date Modified Name
6301327 drwxr-xr-x      2    -      - bot  bot    2 Jan 14:25  bin
7873931 drwxr-xr-x      3    -      - root root   2 Jan 14:25  include
6301328 drwxr-xr-x      4    -      - bot  bot    2 Jan 14:25  lib
7998483 drwxr-xr-x      3    -      - root root   2 Jan 14:25  share
╭─bot@amd-5700G ~/opt/python3.10.1
╰─➤  cd bin
╭─bot@amd-5700G ~/opt/python3.10.1/bin
╰─➤  ll
  inode Permissions Links Size Blocks User Group Date Modified Name
6305556 lrwxrwxrwx      1    9      0 root root   2 Jan 14:25  2to3 -> 2to3-3.10
6305551 .rwxr-xr-x      1  118      8 root root   2 Jan 14:25  2to3-3.10
6305554 lrwxrwxrwx      1    8      0 root root   2 Jan 14:25  idle3 -> idle3.10
6305549 .rwxr-xr-x      1  116      8 root root   2 Jan 14:25  idle3.10
6305561 .rwxr-xr-x      1  246      8 root root   2 Jan 14:25  pip3
6305562 .rwxr-xr-x      1  246      8 root root   2 Jan 14:25  pip3.10
6305555 lrwxrwxrwx      1    9      0 root root   2 Jan 14:25  pydoc3 -> pydoc3.10
6305550 .rwxr-xr-x      1  101      8 root root   2 Jan 14:25  pydoc3.10
6305552 lrwxrwxrwx      1   10      0 root root   2 Jan 14:25  python3 -> python3.10
6305553 lrwxrwxrwx      1   17      0 root root   2 Jan 14:25  python3-config -> python3.10-config
6301329 .rwxr-xr-x      1  24M  46296 root root   2 Jan 14:25  python3.10
6305548 .rwxr-xr-x      1 3.1k      8 root root   2 Jan 14:25  python3.10-config
╭─bot@amd-5700G ~/opt/python3.10.1/bin
╰─➤  ./python3.10
Python 3.10.1 (main, Jan  2 2022, 14:23:57) [GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

Create environment variables

Add environment variable as below code

 export PATH=$PATH:/home/ponponon/opt/python/cpython/python3.10/bin

If it's bash, add it to ~/.bashrc
If it is zsh, add it to ~/.zshenv

Don't use it again source for example source ~/.bashrc

refer to:
[Raspberry Pi] Install python3.7 for ubuntu18
zsh configuration files and their load order in macOS
Files
After switching users, the configuration of /etc/profile does not work

Change the software source

Replace with Tsinghuayuan

 pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

Create soft link

Without going into details:
[Raspberry Pi] Install python3.7 for ubuntu18

After adding the environment variable, enter python3.10 in the terminal to use python3.10 , but the input python may not be python3.10 , you can where pyhon View.

图片.png