2

我们知道,原生Android集成Flutter主要有两种方式,一种是创建flutter module,然后以原生module那样依赖;另一种方式是将flutter module打包成aar,然后在原生工程中依赖aar包,官方推荐aar的方式接入。

如何在原生Android工程中以aar的方式接入Flutter,大家可以参考我之前文章的介绍:原生Android工程接入Flutter aar。今天想给大家分享的是FlutterFragment的使用。

一、Android原生工程

在Android原生开发中,实现底部Tab导航通常有3种方式,分别是:

  • RadioGroup + ViewPager + Fragment:能够预加载相邻的Fragment
  • FragmentTabHost + Fragment:加载选中的Fragment
  • BottomNavigationView:有选中动画效果

此处,我们使用BottomNavigationView来实现底部Tab导航。首先,我们新建一个Android原生工程,然后再新建三个 Fragment 。activity_main.xml布局代码如下:

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingTop="?attr/actionBarSize">


    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/fl_container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/bottom_navigation"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <com.google.android.material.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigationView
        android:id="@+id/bottom_navigation"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="0dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="0dp"
        android:background="?android:attr/windowBackground"
        app:itemTextColor="@color/tab_text_color"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:menu="@menu/bottom_nav_menu" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

代码中引入了一个bottom_nav_menu.xml布局,代码如下:

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item
        android:id="@+id/nav_home"
        android:icon="@drawable/tab_home"
        android:title="@string/tab_home" />

    <item
        android:id="@+id/nav_car"
        android:icon="@drawable/tab_car"
        android:title="@string/tab_car" />

    <item
        android:id="@+id/nav_me"
        android:icon="@drawable/tab_mine"
        android:title="@string/tab_me" />
</menu>

其中,BottomNavigationView常用的属性如下:

  • app:iteamBackground:指的是底部导航栏的背景颜色,默认是主题的颜色
  • app:menu:指的是底部菜单(文字和图片都写在这个里面,推荐图片使用矢量图)
  • app:itemTextColor:指的是导航栏文字的颜色
  • app:itemIconTint:指的是导航栏中图片的颜色

最后,在MainActivity.java中实现Tab的切换,代码如下:

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    private var fragments = mutableListOf<Fragment>()
    private var lastfragment = 0

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        initFragment()
        initNavigationSelectedListener()
    }


    private fun initFragment() {
        val homeFragment = HomeFragment()
        val carFragment = CarFragment()
        val mineFragment = MineFragment()
        fragments.add(homeFragment)
        fragments.add(carFragment)
        fragments.add(mineFragment)

        supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
            .replace(R.id.fl_container, homeFragment)
            .show(homeFragment)
            .commit()
    }

    private fun switchFragment(index: Int) {
        if (lastfragment != index) {
            val transaction = supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
            //隐藏上个Fragment
            transaction.hide(fragments[lastfragment])
            if (!fragments[index].isAdded) {
                transaction.add(R.id.fl_container, fragments[index])
            }
            transaction.show(fragments[index]).commitAllowingStateLoss()
            lastfragment = index
        }
    }


    private fun initNavigationSelectedListener() {
        findViewById<BottomNavigationView>(R.id.bottom_navigation).setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener { item ->
            when (item.itemId) {
                R.id.nav_home -> {
                    switchFragment(0)
                    return@setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener true
                }
                R.id.nav_car -> {
                    switchFragment(1)
                    return@setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener true
                }
                R.id.nav_me -> {
                    switchFragment(2)
                    return@setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener true
                }
            }
            false
        }
    }
}

二、引入Flutter Module

首先,创建一个Flutter Module工程。创建Flutter Module有两种方式,一种是使用Android Studio进行生成,另一种是直接使用命令行。使用命令行创建flutter module的如下:

flutter create -t module flutter_module

然后,进入到flutter_module,执行flutter build aar命令生成aar包,如果没有任何出错,会在/flutter_module/.android/Flutter/build/outputs目录下生成对应的aar包,如下图。

在这里插入图片描述
接下来,我们把生成的aar包拷贝到Android工程的libs中,然后打开app/build.grade添加本地依赖。

repositories {
    flatDir {
        dirs 'libs'
    }
}

dependencies {
    ...
    //添加本地依赖
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation(name: 'flutter_relaese-1.0', ext: 'aar')
    implementation 'io.flutter:flutter_embedding_debug:1.0.0-f0826da7ef2d301eb8f4ead91aaf026aa2b52881'
    implementation 'io.flutter:armeabi_v7a_debug:1.0.0-f0826da7ef2d301eb8f4ead91aaf026aa2b52881'
    implementation 'io.flutter:arm64_v8a_debug:1.0.0-f0826da7ef2d301eb8f4ead91aaf026aa2b52881'
    implementation 'io.flutter:x86_64_debug:1.0.0-f0826da7ef2d301eb8f4ead91aaf026aa2b52881'
}

然后在外层的build.gradle中申明为本地依赖,代码如下:

buildscript {
repositories {
   ... 
    maven {
        url "http://download.flutter.io"        //flutter依赖
    }
  }
  
dependencies {
    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.0.0'
  }
}

三、使用Flutter Module

默认情况下,Android提供了FlutterActivity、Fragment和FlutterView视图,本例子我们讲的是Fragment的使用。

首先,我们创建一个 FlutterEngineGroup 对象,FlutterEngineGroup 可以用来管理多个 FlutterEngine 对象,而多个 FlutterEngine 是可以共享资源的,目的是减少 FlutterEngine 的资源占用,MyApplication的代码如下:

class MyApplication : Application() {

    lateinit var engineGroup: FlutterEngineGroup

    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        // 创建FlutterEngineGroup对象
        engineGroup = FlutterEngineGroup(this)
    }
}

接着,创建一个 FlutterEngineManager 缓存管理类,在 FlutterEngineManager 中创建一个静态方法 flutterEngine,用来缓存FlutterEngine。

object FlutterEngineManager {

    fun flutterEngine(context: Context, engineId: String, entryPoint: String): FlutterEngine {
        // 1. 从缓存中获取FlutterEngine
        var engine = FlutterEngineCache.getInstance().get(engineId)
        if (engine == null) {
            // 如果缓存中没有FlutterEngine
            // 1. 新建FlutterEngine,执行的入口函数是entryPoint
            val app = context.applicationContext as MyApplication
            val dartEntrypoint = DartExecutor.DartEntrypoint(
                FlutterInjector.instance().flutterLoader().findAppBundlePath(), entryPoint
            )
            engine = app.engineGroup.createAndRunEngine(context, dartEntrypoint)
            // 2. 存入缓存
            FlutterEngineCache.getInstance().put(engineId, engine)
        }
        return engine!!
    }
    
}

在上面的代码中,我们会先从中获取缓存的 FlutterEngine ,如果没有则新建一个 FlutterEngine ,然后再缓存起来。

接下来,我们将 FlutterEngine 和 FlutterFragment 进行绑定,如果默认没有提供路由,那么打开的是flutter module的路由首页。如果要指定flutter module的首页,可以使用setInitialRoute()方法。

class HomeFragment : Fragment() {

    // 1. FlutterEngine对象
    private lateinit var engine: FlutterEngine
    private var engineId="home_fra"

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        // 2. 通过FBFlutterEngineManager获取FlutterEngine对象
        engine = FlutterEngineManager.flutterEngine(requireActivity(), engineId, "main")
        // 3. 用FlutterEngine对象构建出一个FlutterFragment
        val flutterFragment = FlutterFragment.withCachedEngine(engineId).build<FlutterFragment>()
        // 4. 显示FlutterFragment
        parentFragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.home_fl, flutterFragment).commit()
    }

    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false)
    }
}

我们这里使用缓存的 FlutterEngine 更能节省资源,因为 Bottom Navigation Activity 的 Fragment 来回切换的时候, Fragment 是会重新新建和销毁,比较消耗资源。

如果我们在进入将二级页面时候,返回的时候,还需要将 activity_main.xml 中的 BottomNavigationView 隐藏,涉及的代码如下。

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

   ...//省略其他代码

    fun switchBottomView(show: Boolean) {
        val navView: BottomNavigationView = findViewById(R.id.nav_view)
        if (show) {
            navView.visibility = View.VISIBLE
        } else {
            navView.visibility = View.GONE
        }
    }

}

如果要和Flutter进行数据交互,那么我们可以使用MethodChannel,然后使用setMethodCallHandler即可将Android数据回调给Fluter,代码如下。

class HomeFragment : Fragment() {

    // 1. FlutterEngine对象
    private lateinit var engine: FlutterEngine
    private var engineId="home_fra"
    private lateinit var channel: MethodChannel


    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        initEngine()
        initChannel()
    }

    private fun initEngine() {
        // 2. 通过FBFlutterEngineManager获取FlutterEngine对象
        engine = FlutterEngineManager.flutterEngine(requireActivity(), engineId, "main")
        // 3. 用FlutterEngine对象构建出一个FlutterFragment
        val flutterFragment = FlutterFragment.withCachedEngine(engineId).build<FlutterFragment>()
        // 4. 显示FlutterFragment
        parentFragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.home_fl, flutterFragment).commit()
    }

    private fun initChannel() {
        channel = MethodChannel(engine.dartExecutor.binaryMessenger, "tab_switch")
        channel.setMethodCallHandler { call, result ->
            when (call.method) {
                "showTab" -> {
                    val activity = requireActivity() as MainActivity
                    activity.switchBottomView(true)
                    result.success(null)
                }
                "hideTab" -> {
                    val activity = requireActivity() as MainActivity
                    activity.switchBottomView(false)
                    result.success(null)
                }
                else -> {
                    result.notImplemented()
                }
            }
        }
    }

    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false)
    }

}

接着在Flutter里面是有invokeMethod方法注入即可。

class PluginManager {
  static const MethodChannel _channel = MethodChannel('tab_switch');

  static Future<String> showTab(Map params) async {
    String resultStr = await _channel.invokeMethod('showTab', params);
    return resultStr;
  }

}

目前原生移动APP可以在应用集成多个 Flutter Module ,这样就方便我们进行多业务的模块化开发了。除了FlutterActivity、Fragment,在Android中可以使用FlutterView 会稍微复杂点,应使用个 FlutterView 需要绑定生命周期,需要开发者自己去管理FlutterView生命周期。


xiangzhihong
5.9k 声望15.3k 粉丝

著有《React Native移动开发实战》1,2,3、《Kotlin入门与实战》《Weex跨平台开发实战》、《Flutter跨平台开发与实战》1,2和《Android应用开发实战》