作者:刘安

爱可生测试团队成员,主要负责 DTLE 开源项目相关测试任务,擅长 Python 自动化测试开发。

本文来源:原创投稿

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前言:过年前 DTLE 发布了 4.22.01.0 版本,该版本最重要的特性是支持 Oracle-MySQL 增量数据同步。今天我就来给大家介绍一下这个功能。

一、现状

1. 目前只支持增量同步

a. 可以根据 SCN 节点开启增量复制
b. 从任务启动时间开启增量复制

2. 类型映射

a. 已支持类型
OracleMySQL限制
BINARY_DOUBLEfloatmysql 不支持Inf/-Inf/Nan数据,用NULL来存储
CHAR(n), CHARACTER(n)CHAR(n), CHARACTER(n)
DATEdatetime
DECIMAL(p,s), DEC(p,s)DECIMAL(p,s), DEC(p,s)
DOUBLE PRECISIONDOUBLE PRECISION
FLOAT(p)DOUBLE
INTEGER, INTINT极值问题 (https://github.com/actiontech...)
INTERVAL DAY(p) TO SECOND(s)VARCHAR(30)
INTERVAL YEAR(p) TO MONTHVARCHAR(30)
NCHAR VARYING(n)NCHAR VARYING(n)
NCHAR(n)NCHAR(n)/NVARCHAR(n)
NUMBER(p,0), NUMBER(p)TINYINT/SMALLINT/INT/BIGINT/DECIMAL(p)
NUMBER(p,s)DECIMAL(p,s)
NUMBER, NUMBER(*)DOUBLE
NUMERIC(p,s)NUMERIC(p,s)
NVARCHAR2(n)NVARCHAR(n)
RAW(n)VARBINARY(n)
REALDOUBLE
ROWIDCHAR(100)
SMALLINTDECIMAL(38)
TIMESTAMP(p)datetime
VARCHAR2(n)VARCHAR(n)
VARCHAR(n)VARCHAR(n)

b. 待支持类型

OracleMySQL当前不支持原因
BINARY_FLOATfloatMySQL不支持Inf/-Inf/Nan数据, MySQL float类型无法精确匹配,导致更新失败
BLOBBLOB当前实现逻辑,无法从redoSQL获取足够的值
CLOBCLOB当前实现逻辑,无法从redoSQL获取足够的值
LONGLONGTEXT只支持insert
LONG RAWLONGBLOB只支持insert
NCLOBTEXT无法从redoSQL获取足够的值
TIMESTAMP(p) WITH TIME ZONEdatetime时区问题未处理

c. 不支持类型

OracleMySQL不支持原因
BFILEVARCHAR(255)logminer不支持
UROWID(n)VARCHAR(n)logminer读取的数据不足以构造新SQL
XMLTYPEVARCHAR(30)logminer不支持

3. DML支持度

a. DML类型

DML类型Oracle SQLMySQL SQL
INSERTINSERT INTO ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS VALUES (0, NULL)replace into ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS (COL1, COL2`) values ('0', NULL)
UPDATEUPDATE ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS SET COL2='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' WHERE COL1=0update ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS set COL1='0', COL2='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' where ((COL1 = '0') and (COL2 is NULL)) limit 1
DELETEDELETE FROM ACTION_DB.CHARACTER_255_COLUMNS WHERE COL1=0delete from ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS where ((COL1 = '0') and (COL2 = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')) limit 1

b. DML函数支持度

函数名是否支持其他
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
DATE
EMPTY_BLOB函数支持解析为NULL
EMPTY_CLOB函数支持解析为NULL
HEXTORAW
LOCALTIMESTAMP
RAWTOHEX
RAWTOHEX(CHR())
SYSTIMESTAMP
TO_DATE
TO_DSINTERVAL
TO_TIMESTAMP
TO_YMINTERVAL
UNISTR

4. DDL支持度

DDLTargetOption
CREATE表 TABLEDEFAULT CREATE
ALTER表 TABLE增加字段
删除字段
重命名字段 (当前仅支持MySQL 8.0语法)
变更字段类型
DROP表 TABLEDEFAULT DROP

二、环境准备

1. Oracle数据库开启归档日志

shell> su oracle
shell> mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive_log
shell> sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive_log' scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size = 10G;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database add logfile group 3 '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/onlinelog/redo01.log' size 500m;
SQL> alter database add logfile group 4 '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/onlinelog/redo02.log' size 500m;
SQL> alter database add logfile group 5 '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/onlinelog/redo03.log' size 500m;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database add supplemental log data (all) columns;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> archive log list;
# Archive Mode表示已开启归档模式,Archive destination表示归档日志储存路径

2. 安装 LogMiner 工具(Oracle 安装时默认安装)

可查看系统中是否存在运行 LogMiner 所需要的 dbms_logmnr 、dbms_logmnr_d 包,如果没有安装 LogMiner 工具需要的包,需要运行下面两个命令:

shell> cat $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslm.sql | sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba
shell> cat $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslmd.sql | sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

3. 创建 logminer 需要角色权限

shell> su oracle
shell> sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL> create user roma_logminer identified by oracle default tablespace users;

SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SET CONTAINER TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SELECT ON V_$DATABASE TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT FLASHBACK ANY TABLE TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SELECT ANY TABLE TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SELECT ANY TRANSACTION TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT CREATE TABLE TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT LOCK ANY TABLE TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT CREATE SEQUENCE TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_LOGMNR TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_LOGMNR_D TO roma_logminer;

SQL> GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOG TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOG_HISTORY TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGMNR_LOGS TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGMNR_CONTENTS TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGMNR_PARAMETERS TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGFILE TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SELECT ON V_$ARCHIVED_LOG TO roma_logminer;
SQL> GRANT SELECT ON V_$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS TO roma_logminer;

SQL> alter user roma_logminer quota unlimited ON users;

4. 部署一个单节点的 4.22.01.0版本 DTLE

https://github.com/actiontech...

三、创建 Oracle-MySQL 任务

1. 获取 Token

shell> curl -s -X POST "http://172.100.9.11:8190/v2/loginWithoutVerifyCode" -H "accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{ \"password\": \"admin\", \"tenant\": \"platform\", \"username\": \"admin\"}" | jq
{
  "message": "ok",
  "data": {
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE2NDYxOTE2MzksImdyb3VwIjoicGxhdGZvcm0iLCJuYW1lIjoiYWRtaW4ifQ.-c_jVkxd_vP5Ka3gocdfGZIudWPujutdHpQYx8srX00"
  }
}

2. 准备 job 文件

shell> cat job.json
{
  "job_id": "test_oracle",
  "src_task": {
    "connection_config": {
      "database_type": "Oracle",
      "host": "172.100.9.31",
      "port": 1521,
      "user": "roma_logminer",
      "password": "oracle",
      "service_name": "XE"
    },
    "node_id": "96d28881-f91b-19f4-1614-4d8a0e718e2f",
    "binlog_relay": false,
    "repl_chan_buffer_size": 120,
    "group_max_size": 1,
    "group_timeout": 100,
    "oracle_src_task_config": {
      "scn": 0
    },
    "task_name": "src",
    "replicate_do_db": [
      {
        "table_schema": "ACTION_DB"
      }
    ]
  },
  "is_password_encrypted": false,
  "dest_task": {
    "connection_config": {
      "database_type": "MySQL",
      "host": "172.100.9.1",
      "port": 3306,
      "user": "test_dest",
      "password": "test_dest"
    },
    "node_id": "96d28881-f91b-19f4-1614-4d8a0e718e2f",
    "task_name": "dest",
    "mysql_dest_task_config": {}
  },
  "task_step_name": "job_stage_full",
  "failover": true,
  "retry": 2
}

3. 创建 Oracle-MySQL job

shell> curl -s -X POST "http://172.100.9.11:8190/v2/job/migration/create" -H "accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE2NDYxOTE2MzksImdyb3VwIjoicGxhdGZvcm0iLCJuYW1lIjoiYWRtaW4ifQ.-c_jVkxd_vP5Ka3gocdfGZIudWPujutdHpQYx8srX00" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d @job.json | jq
{
  "job": {
    "job_id": "test_oracle-migration",
    "task_step_name": "job_stage_full",
    "reverse": false,
    "failover": true,
    "is_password_encrypted": false,
    "src_task": {
      "task_name": "src",
      "node_id": "96d28881-f91b-19f4-1614-4d8a0e718e2f",
      "replicate_do_db": [
        {
          "table_schema": "ACTION_DB",
          "table_schema_regex": "",
          "table_schema_rename": "",
          "tables": null
        }
      ],
      "replicate_ignore_db": null,
      "skip_create_db_table": false,
      "drop_table_if_exists": false,
      "mysql_src_task_config": null,
      "oracle_src_task_config": {
        "scn": 0
      },
      "group_max_size": 1,
      "group_timeout": 100,
      "repl_chan_buffer_size": 120,
      "chunk_size": 2000,
      "connection_config": {
        "host": "172.100.9.31",
        "port": 1521,
        "user": "roma_logminer",
        "password": "*",
        "service_name": "XE",
        "database_type": "Oracle"
      }
    },
    "dest_task": {
      "task_name": "dest",
      "node_id": "96d28881-f91b-19f4-1614-4d8a0e718e2f",
      "database_type": "",
      "mysql_dest_task_config": {
        "parallel_workers": 1,
        "use_my_sql_dependency": false,
        "dependency_history_size": 2500
      },
      "connection_config": {
        "host": "172.100.9.1",
        "port": 3306,
        "user": "test_dest",
        "password": "*",
        "service_name": "",
        "database_type": "MySQL"
      }
    },
    "retry": 2
  },
  "eval_create_index": 12,
  "job_modify_index": 12,
  "message": "ok"
}

4. 源端 Oracle 写入数据

SQL> create tablespace ACTION_DB datafile 'ACTION_DB.dbf' size 100M;
SQL> create user ACTION_DB identified by ACTION_DB default tablespace ACTION_DB;
SQL> grant unlimited tablespace to ACTION_DB;
SQL> CREATE TABLE ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS(col1 INT, col2 CHAR(255));
SQL> INSERT INTO ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS VALUES (0, NULL);
SQL> INSERT INTO ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS VALUES (1, 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz');
SQL> INSERT INTO ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS VALUES (2, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ');
SQL> INSERT INTO ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS VALUES (3, '1234567890');
SQL> INSERT INTO ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS VALUES (4, 1234567890);
SQL> INSERT INTO ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS VALUES (5, '~`!@#$%^&*()-=_+{}[]|\:;<>,.?/');
SQL> INSERT INTO ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS VALUES (6, '中文测试abc');
SQL> INSERT INTO ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS VALUES (7, '·~!@#¥%……&*()-=——+{}【】、|;‘:“,。/《》?');

5. 目标端 MySQL 检查同步情况

mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: CHAR_255_COLUMNS
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `CHAR_255_COLUMNS` (
  `COL1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `COL2` char(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM ACTION_DB.CHAR_255_COLUMNS;
+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| COL1 | COL2                                                                        |
+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|    0 | NULL                                                                        |
|    1 | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz                                                  |
|    2 | ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ                                                  |
|    3 | 1234567890                                                                  |
|    4 | 1234567890                                                                  |
|    5 | ~`!@#$%^&*()-=_+{}[]|\:;<>,.?/                                              |
|    6 | 中文测试abc                                                                  |
|    7 | ·~!@#¥%……&*()-=——+{}【】、|;‘:“,。/《》?                                 |
+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

四、使用限制

因为 Oracle 和 MySQL 是异构数据库,所以在源端 Oracle 能执行的 Oracle SQL 语句通过 DTLE 转换到目标端的 MySQL SQL 语句后有可能无法正确执行。比如 Oracle 支持数值范围 MySQL 不支持,Oracle 的 DATE 类型支持公元前的年份而 MySQL 的 datetime 只能为公元后的年份等等。遇到这些情况,DTLE 的默认行为是报错并且停止同步。

如果需要跳过这种阻塞情况,可以修改 DTLE 的环境变量然后重新启动 DTLE 服务。

shell> vi /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dtle-nomad.service
# 添加
[Service]
Environment="SkipErr=true"

shell> systemctl daemon-reload
shell> systemctl restart dtle-nomad



如果在使用 DTLE 时发现了任何问题,请及时联系我们。

DTLE repo: https://github.com/actiontech...

DTLE docs: https://actiontech.github.io/...

QQ讨论群:852990221


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成立于 2017 年,以开源高质量的运维工具、日常分享技术干货内容、持续的全国性的社区活动为社区己任;目前开源的产品有:SQL审核工具 SQLE,分布式中间件 DBLE、数据传输组件DTLE。