头图

快速配置

创建项目

项目

下载并引入依赖包

下载地址:Spring-5.3.9

官网下载方式参考:官网下载Spring的jar包教程

引入jar包

编写代码

写一个普通类用作注入的bean:

package com.hqz;

public class Student {
    public void study() {
        System.out.println("I am learning");
    }
}

编写配置文件(配置文件的头部信息是固定的):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="student" class="com.hqz.Student"/>
</beans>

测试类:

package com.hqz;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        Student student = applicationContext.getBean("student", Student.class);
        student.study();
    }
}

最终的项目结构如下图所示:

项目结构

Bean管理

XML方式

创建对象

<bean id="dao" class="com.hqz.UserDao"></bean>

三种属性注入方式

set方法注入
public Class Book {
    private String name;
    
    public void SetName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
<bean id="book" class="com.hqz.Book">
    <property name="name" value="金瓶梅"></property>
</bean>
有参构造注入
public Class Orders {
    private String name;
    private String address;
    
    public Orders(String name, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
    }
}
<bean id="orders" class="com.hqz.Orders">
    <!-- 通过属性名称来注入 -->
    <constructor-arg name="name" value="西游记"></constructor-arg>
    <!-- 通过属性索引值来注入 -->
    <constructor-arg index="0" value="中国"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
p名称空间注入
  1. 第一步:添加p名称空间在配置文件中
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       <!-- 添加p名称空间在配置文件中 -->
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="user" class="com.hqz.User"/>
</beans>
  1. 第二步:进行属性注入,在bean标签里面进行操作
<bean id="book" class="com.hqz.Book" p:name="三国演义"></bean>

各种数据类型注入

注入null值
<bean id="book" class="com.hqz.Book">   
    <property name="name">
        <null/>
    </property>
</bean>
注入特殊符号
<bean id="book" class="com.hqz.Book">
    <!-- 错误写法 -->
    <property name="name" value="<<南京>>"></property>
    
    <!-- 正确写法 -->
    <property name="name">
        <value>
            <![CDATA[<<南京>>]]>
        </value>
    </property>
</bean>
注入外部bean

使用ref注入

<bean id="userService" class="com.hqz.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
    <property name="userDao" ref="userDaoImplId" />
</bean>

<bean id="userDaoImplId" class="com.hqz.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl" />
注入内部bean
<!-- 方式一:内部bean -->
<bean id="emp" class="com.hqz.bean.Emp">
    <property name="name" value="张三"/>
    <property name="sex" value="女"/>
    <property name="dept">
        <bean id="dept" class="com.hqz.bean.Dept">
            <property name="name" value="技术部"/>
        </bean>
    </property>
</bean>


<!-- 方式二:级联赋值 -->
<bean id="emp" class="com.hqz.bean.Emp">
    <property name="name" value="张三"/>
    <property name="sex" value="女"/>
    <property name="dept" ref="dept" />
</bean>

<bean id="dept" class="com.hqz.bean.Dept">
    <property name="name" value="财务部"/>
</bean>

<!-- 方式三 -->
<bean id="emp" class="com.hqz.bean.Emp">
    <property name="name" value="张三"/>
    <property name="sex" value="女"/>
    <property name="dept" ref="dept"/>
    <property name="dept.name" value="行政部" />
</bean>
<bean id="dept" class="com.hqz.bean.Dept" />
//部门类
package com.hqz.bean;

public class Dept {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//员工类
package com.hqz.bean;

public class Emp {
    private String name;
    private String sex;

    private Dept dept;

    public Dept getDept() {
        return dept;
    }

    public void setDept(Dept dept) {
        this.dept = dept;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
}
注入集合属性
数组类型属性注入
public class Student {
    private String[] names;

    public void setNames(String[] names) {
        this.names = names;
    }
}
<bean id="student" class="com.hqz.Student">
    <property name="names">
        <!-- 数组类型属性注入 -->
        <array>
            <value>张三</value>
            <value>李四</value>
        </array>
    </property>
</bean>
list类型属性注入
public class Student {
    private List<String> names;

    public void setNames(List<String> names) {
        this.names = names;
    }
}
<bean id="student" class="com.hqz.Student">
    <property name="names">
        <!-- list类型属性注入 -->
        <list>
            <value>张三</value>
            <value>李四</value>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean>
map类型属性注入
public class Student {
    private Map<String, String> maps;

    public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }
}
<bean id="student" class="com.hqz.Student">
    <property name="maps">
        <!-- map类型属性注入 -->
        <map>
            <entry key="name" value="张三"/>
            <entry key="age" value="20"/>
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>
set类型属性注入
public class Student {
    private Set<String> sets;

    public void setSets(Set<String> sets) {
        this.sets = sets;
    }
}
<bean id="student" class="com.hqz.Student">
    <property name="sets">
        <!-- set类型属性注入 -->
        <set>
            <value>李四</value>
        </set>
    </property>
</bean>
注入对象到集合中
public class Book {
    private String bookName;

    public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }
}
public class Library {
    private List<Book> bookList;

    public void setBookList(List<Book> bookList) {
        this.bookList = bookList;
    }
}
<bean id="book" class="com.hqz.Book">
    <property name="bookName" value="语文" />
</bean>

<bean id="library" class="com.hqz.Library">
    <property name="bookList">
        <list>
            <ref bean="book"></ref>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean>
提取集合注入

把通用的集合列表提取出来,方便在多个地方进行引用。

  • 引入util命名空间
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
    
</beans>
  • 创建bean类
public class Library {
    private List<String> bookList;

    public void setBookList(List<String> bookList) {
        this.bookList = bookList;
    }
}
  • 编写配置类
<util:list id="bookListId">
    <value>《三国演义》</value>
    <value>《西游记》</value>
    <value>《水浒传》</value>
    <value>《红楼梦》</value>
</util:list>

<bean id="library" class="com.hqz.Library">
    <property name="bookList" ref="bookListId"/>
</bean>

外部属性文件

  • 引入命名空间

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
</beans>
  • 编写外部文件

    jdbc.properties

prop.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
prop.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/userDb
prop.userName=root
prop.password=root
  • 配置
<!-- 引入外部属性文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

<!-- 配置连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${prop.driverClass}"/>
    <property name="url" value="${prop.url}"/>
    <property name="userName" value="${prop.userName}"/>
    <property name="password" value="${prop.password}"/>
</bean>

注解方式

创建对象

  • 配置文件中开启组件扫描
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 开启组件扫描
        1、如果扫描多个名,可以用逗号隔开
        2、或者扫描上层目录
     -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hqz.dao,com.hqz.service"/>
</beans>
  • 添加注解
package com.hqz.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

//在注解里面value属性值可以不写
//默认值是类名称,首字母小写

@Component(value = "userService")
public class UserService {
    public void add() {
        System.out.println("中华人民共和国");
    }
}
  • 组件扫描配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 开启组件扫描
        1、如果扫描多个名,可以用逗号隔开
        2、或者扫描上层目录
     -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hqz.dao,com.hqz.service"/>

    <!-- 示例1
        use-default-filters="false",表示现在不使用默认filter,自己配置filter
        context:include-filter,设置扫描哪些内容
    -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hqz" use-default-filters="false">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

    <!-- 示例2
        设置哪些内容不扫描
     -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hqz">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
</beans>

注解说明

  • @AutoWired:根据属性类型进行自动装配
@Service
public class UserService {
    
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;
    
    public void add() {
        userDao.add();
    }
}
  • @Qualifier:根据属性名称进行注入(比如有多个实现类的接口)
@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier( value = "userDaoImpl")
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void add() {
        userDao.add();
    }
}
  • @Resource:可以根据类型注入,也可以根据名称注入
@Service
public class UserService {

    @Resource
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void add() {
        userDao.add();
    }
}
  • @Value:注入普通类型属性
public class Book {
    @Value("《金瓶梅》")
    private String bookName;
}

完全注解开发

  • 创建配置类,替代xml配置文件
//作为配置类,替代xml
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.hqz"})
public class SpringConfig {
    
}
  • 使用
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
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