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本文将展示如何从0开始初始化一个typescript项目。

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测试环境:node 14.16.0

初始化

首先,我们选定一个文件夹,然后在文件夹中执行npm init -y命令来对项目进行初始化。

anjie@panjies-Mac-Pro typescript-init % npm init -y
Wrote to /Users/panjie/github/yunzhiclub/typescript-init/package.json:

{
  "name": "typescript-init",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "git+https://github.com/yunzhiclub/typescript-init.git"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "bugs": {
    "url": "https://github.com/yunzhiclub/typescript-init/issues"
  },
  "homepage": "https://github.com/yunzhiclub/typescript-init#readme"
}

该命令将为我们生成一个package.json文件:

panjie@panjies-Mac-Pro typescript-init % tree
.
├── README.md
└── package.json

0 directories, 2 files

安装typescript

接下来,我们使用npm i typescript --save-dev来安装ts

panjie@panjies-Mac-Pro typescript-init % npm i typescript --save-dev
npm notice created a lockfile as package-lock.json. You should commit this file.
npm WARN typescript-init@1.0.0 No description

+ typescript@4.6.4
added 1 package from 1 contributor and audited 1 package in 2.22s
found 0 vulnerabilities

typescript初始化

ts安装后,我们也需要一个初始化操作,该操作将默认生成ts的配置文件,对应的命令为npx tsc --init

panjie@panjies-Mac-Pro typescript-init % npx tsc --init

Created a new tsconfig.json with:                                               
                                                                             TS 
  target: es2016
  module: commonjs
  strict: true
  esModuleInterop: true
  skipLibCheck: true
  forceConsistentCasingInFileNames: true


You can learn more at https://aka.ms/tsconfig.json

该命令将为我们自动生成tsconfig.json,如果你想进行一些定制,则只需要打开此文件,找到对应的项进行修改或启用即可。

index.ts

基本的初始化工作完成后,便可以创建index.ts,并进行代码的测试了。

'use strict';

const hello = (world: string) => {
  console.log(`hello ${world}`);
}

hello('world');

编译运行

文件创建完成后进行编译及运行:

panjie@panjies-Mac-Pro typescript-init % npx tsc index.ts
panjie@panjies-Mac-Pro typescript-init % node index.js
hello world

自动编译运行

每次变更文件化都手动执行一下编译及运行固然可行,但这种方式的确无法忍受。tsc-watch则专门为此而生,运行npm install tsc-watch --save-dev来安装tsc-watch

panjie@panjies-Mac-Pro typescript-init % npm install tsc-watch --save-dev
npm WARN typescript-init@1.0.0 No description

+ tsc-watch@5.0.3
added 20 packages from 16 contributors and audited 21 packages in 3.788s
found 0 vulnerabilities

安装完成后,我们打开package.json文件,在scripts中增加以下dev项:

  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
    "dev": "tsc-watch --noClear -p ./tsconfig.json --onSuccess \"node ./index.js\""
  },

然后我们在命令行中运行npm run dev则可以实现:当文件变更时重新编译、重新运行的目的。

直接运行ts

如果我们感觉还不够爽,还可以使用nodemon来直接运行ts文件:

npm install nodemon --save-dev
npm install --save-dev ts-node
npm install --save-dev tslib  
npm install --save-dev @types/node

安装完成后则可以使用npx nodemon index.ts来直接运行ts文件了。

最终的示例package.json如下:

{
  "name": "mockapi",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "mock api",
  "repository": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "engines": {
    "node": "14.16.1"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "build": "npx tsc",
    "run": "node dist/index.js",
    "dev": "concurrently \"npx tsc --watch\" \"nodemon -q dist/index.js\"",
    "start": "npx nodemon index.ts",
    "test": "npx nodemon test.ts"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/node": "^18.0.0",
    "concurrently": "^7.2.2",
    "nodemon": "^2.0.16",
    "ts-node": "^10.8.1",
    "tslib": "^2.4.0",
    "typescript": "^4.7.4"
  }
}

参考文档


潘杰
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