我们经常需要统计一个方法的耗时,一般我们会这样做:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 睡眠100ms,模拟任务耗时
Thread.sleep(100L);
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("耗时:" + (end - start)); // 输出 耗时:104
}
}
这样做虽然简单直接,当我们需要分段统计耗时的时候,一不留神就找不到开始时间在哪了。而且也不能汇总结果,不能直观的看到每一步的耗时。
有一个简单的小工具,可以帮助我们非常容易的统计方法耗时。
名字叫StopWatch,在常见的类库,例如Spring、Apache Commons、Google Guava都有这个工具,功能和实现都是大同小异,推荐使用Spring里的,可以更方便统计耗时的汇总结果。
把耗时代码换成StopWatch试一下:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// 创建统计任务
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
// 开始计时
stopWatch.start();
// 睡眠100ms,模拟任务耗时
Thread.sleep(100L);
// 结束计时
stopWatch.stop();
// 打印统计结果
System.out.println(stopWatch.prettyPrint());
}
}
输出结果是:
StopWatch '': running time (millis) = 104
-----------------------------------------
ms % Task name
-----------------------------------------
00104 100%
只统计了一个任务的耗时,还不能展示出StopWatch优势,下面一次统计多个任务的耗时:
public class CopyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建统计任务,并指定ID
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch("Main方法耗时");
IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 10).forEach(index -> {
// 开始计时,并指定任务名称,便于展示
stopWatch.start("task" + index);
// 睡眠100ms,模拟任务耗时
try {
Thread.sleep(100L);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
// 结束计时
stopWatch.stop();
});
// 打印统计结果
System.out.println(stopWatch.prettyPrint());
}
}
输出结果是:
StopWatch 'Main方法耗时': running time (millis) = 1039
-----------------------------------------
ms % Task name
-----------------------------------------
00103 010% task1
00107 010% task2
00104 010% task3
00104 010% task4
00105 010% task5
00102 010% task6
00104 010% task7
00102 010% task8
00105 010% task9
00103 010% task10
打印出了每个任务的耗时,并统计了在总耗时所占百分比,已经非常直观了。
这是怎么实现的呢?其实源码非常简单,就用一个LinkedList记录了每个任务的耗时:
public class StopWatch {
// 总任务ID
private final String id;
// 任务集合
private final List<TaskInfo> taskList = new LinkedList<TaskInfo>();
private long startTimeMillis;
private boolean running;
private String currentTaskName;
private TaskInfo lastTaskInfo;
private long totalTimeMillis;
public StopWatch() {
this("");
}
public StopWatch(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void start() throws IllegalStateException {
start("");
}
// 开始计时,并记录开始时间
public void start(String taskName) throws IllegalStateException {
if (this.running) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Can't start StopWatch: it's already running");
}
this.running = true;
this.currentTaskName = taskName;
this.startTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
// 结束计时,统计耗时,并添加到taskList里面
public void stop() throws IllegalStateException {
if (!this.running) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Can't stop StopWatch: it's not running");
}
long lastTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - this.startTimeMillis;
this.totalTimeMillis += lastTime;
this.lastTaskInfo = new TaskInfo(this.currentTaskName, lastTime);
this.taskList.add(lastTaskInfo);
this.running = false;
this.currentTaskName = null;
}
public long getLastTaskTimeMillis() throws IllegalStateException {
if (this.lastTaskInfo == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No tasks run: can't get last task interval");
}
return this.lastTaskInfo.getTimeMillis();
}
public String getLastTaskName() throws IllegalStateException {
if (this.lastTaskInfo == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No tasks run: can't get last task name");
}
return this.lastTaskInfo.getTaskName();
}
public double getTotalTimeSeconds() {
return this.totalTimeMillis / 1000.0;
}
public TaskInfo[] getTaskInfo() {
return this.taskList.toArray(new TaskInfo[this.taskList.size()]);
}
public String shortSummary() {
return "StopWatch '" + getId() + "': running time (millis) = " + getTotalTimeMillis();
}
// 打印统计结果
public String prettyPrint() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(shortSummary());
sb.append('\n');
sb.append("-----------------------------------------\n");
sb.append("ms % Task name\n");
sb.append("-----------------------------------------\n");
NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();
nf.setMinimumIntegerDigits(5);
nf.setGroupingUsed(false);
NumberFormat pf = NumberFormat.getPercentInstance();
pf.setMinimumIntegerDigits(3);
pf.setGroupingUsed(false);
for (TaskInfo task : getTaskInfo()) {
sb.append(nf.format(task.getTimeMillis())).append(" ");
sb.append(pf.format(task.getTimeSeconds() / getTotalTimeSeconds())).append(" ");
sb.append(task.getTaskName()).append("\n");
}
return sb.toString();
}
public static final class TaskInfo {
private final String taskName;
private final long timeMillis;
TaskInfo(String taskName, long timeMillis) {
this.taskName = taskName;
this.timeMillis = timeMillis;
}
}
}
感觉怎么样?赶紧使用起来吧。
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