写作目标
- 理解ssh服务的两种认证方式
- 掌握ssh服务的基本配置
掌握ssh服务客户端工具的使用
-一、SSH介绍
- SSH是Linux下远程管理的工具,相比Telnet安全,运维人员必备的神器!
- SSH的全称Secure Shell,安全的shell,是Client/Server架构,默认端口号为22,TCP/IP协议
二、SSH加密算法
- des 对称的公钥加密算法,安全低,数据传输速度快;使用同一个秘钥进行加密或解密
- rsa 非对称的公钥加密算法,安全,数据传输速度慢 ,SSH默认的加密算法
补充了解:
DSA数字签名,非对称加密的另一种实现。
DSA-Digital Signature Algorithm 是Schnorr和ElGamal签名算法的变种。简单的说,这是一种更高级的验证方式,用作数字签名。不单单只有公钥、私钥,还有数字签名。私钥加密生成数字签名,公钥验证数据及签名。如果数据和签名不匹配则认为验证失败!数字签名的作用就是校验数据在传输过程中不被修改。
三、SSH服务的认证方式
基于用户密码的认证
[root@MissHou ~]# ssh 192.168.10.171
The authenticity of host '192.168.10.171 (192.168.10.171)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 9f:71:de:3c:86:25:dd:f0:06:78:ab:ba:96:5a:e4:95.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
提示信息:无法确认主机192.168.10.171的真实性,指纹是9f:71:de:3c:86:25:dd:f0:06:78:ab:ba:96:5a:e4:95.
,你确定想要继续吗?
说明: 理论上应该是对公钥的确认,由于公钥通过RSA算法加密,太长,不好直接比较,所以给公钥生成一个hash的指纹,方便比较。
[root@MissHou ~]# ssh 192.168.10.171
The authenticity of host '192.168.10.171 (192.168.10.171)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 9f:71:de:3c:86:25:dd:f0:06:78:ab:ba:96:5a:e4:95.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.10.171' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.10.171's password:
说明:
当客户端输入yes确认对方的公钥指纹后,server端的公钥就会被存放到客户机的用户家目录里~/.ssh/known_hosts文件中,下次再访问就直接通过密码登录,不需要再确认公钥。
[root@client ~]# su - stu1
[stu1@client ~]$ ssh 10.1.1.2
The authenticity of host '10.1.1.2 (10.1.1.2)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 9f:71:de:3c:86:25:dd:f0:06:78:ab:ba:96:5a:e4:95.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.1.1.2' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
stu1@10.1.1.2's password:
//ssh工具指定用户名访问
[stu1@client ~]$ ssh root@10.1.1.2
root@10.1.1.2's password:
Last login: Mon Apr 16 15:12:45 2018 from 10.1.1.3
[root@MissHou ~]# exit
四、SSH服务基本配置
- 基于秘钥对认证(免密码登录)——>重点掌握
需求:client端有一个用户user01,该用户使用root用户免密码登录server端
环境:需要一台云服务器,我用的是3A网络,部署简单,适合小白。
client:10.1.1.3
server:10.1.1.2
思路:
- client端生成一对秘钥
- 将生成的公钥远程拷贝到server端
步骤:
- client端的user01用户生成一对秘钥对
[root@client ~]# useradd user01
[root@client ~]# su - user01
[user01@client ~]$ ls -a
. .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc .emacs .gnome2 .mozilla
[user01@client ~]$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user01/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/user01/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/user01/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/user01/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
df:5b:4f:f8:26:38:0f:5f:f0:df:4c:78:54:bd:94:9e user01@client
The key's randomart image is:
将刚刚生成的公钥远程拷贝到server端的root家目录里指定位置
[user01@client ~]$ scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@10.1.1.2:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
或者
[user01@client ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@10.1.1.2 (推荐)
The authenticity of host '10.1.1.2 (10.1.1.2)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 9f:71:de:3c:86:25:dd:f0:06:78:ab:ba:96:5a:e4:95.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.1.1.2' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@10.1.1.2's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'root@10.1.1.2'", and check in:
测试验证
[user01@client ~]$ ssh root@10.1.1.2
Last login: Mon Apr 16 16:00:55 2018 from 10.1.1.1
[root@server ~]#
**粗体** _斜体_ [链接](http://example.com) `代码` - 列表 > 引用
。你还可以使用@
来通知其他用户。