Windows 下多版本 Python 共享 Poetry（qbit）

前言

• 技术栈

  Windows 10
  Python  3.8.10
  Python  3.11.2
  pip     23.0.1
  pipx    1.2.0
  poetry  1.4.1

• Python 3.8 安装目录

  C:\Python38

• Python 3.11 安装目录

  C:\Python311

安装 poetry

• 设置将以下路径加入 path 环境变量

  C:\Python38
  C:\Python38\Scripts
  C:\Python311
  C:\Python311\Scripts
  C:\Users\qbit\.local\bin\

• 复制文件

  C:\Python38\python.exe -> C:\Python38\py38.exe 
  C:\Python311\python.exe -> C:\Python38\py311.exe 

• 设置 pip 国内镜像源

  py38 -m pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
  py311 -m pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

• 升级 pip

  py38 -m pip install pip --upgrade
  py311 -m pip install pip --upgrade

• 安装或升级 pipx

  py38 -m pip install pipx --upgrade
  py311 -m pip install pipx --upgrade

• 在 Python 3.11 下用 pipx 安装 Poetry

  py311 -m pipx install poetry --force -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

• 查看安装情况

  > where poetry
  c:\Users\qbit\.local\bin\poetry.exe
  > poetry --version
  Poetry (version 1.4.1)

• 修改 potry 缓存目录

  poetry config cache-dir D:\pypoetry

• 设置将虚拟环境目录放在项目内

  poetry config virtualenvs.in-project true

测试多版本共享

测试 Python 3.11

• 创建空目录 F:\tmp\test311，在里面创建文件 pyproject.toml，文件内容如下：

  [tool.poetry]
  name = "test"
  version = "0.1.0"
  description = ""
  authors = ["qbit"]
  readme = "README.md"
  
  [[tool.poetry.source]]
  name = "aliyun"
  url = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/"
  default = true
  
  [tool.poetry.dependencies]
  python = "^3.11"
  requests = "~2.28.2"
  
  [build-system]
  requires = ["poetry-core"]
  build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

• 创建虚拟环境并安装第三方库

  poetry update -vv

• 查看虚拟环境信息

  > poetry env info
  
  Virtualenv
  Python:         3.11.2
  Implementation: CPython
  Path:           F:\tmp\test311\.venv
  Executable:     F:\tmp\test311\.venv\Scripts\python.exe
  Valid:          True
  
  System
  Platform:   win32
  OS:         nt
  Python:     3.11.2
  Path:       C:\Python311
  Executable: C:\Python311\python.exe

  测试 Python 3.8

• 创建空目录 F:\tmp\test38，在里面创建文件 pyproject.toml，文件内容如下：

  [tool.poetry]
  name = "test"
  version = "0.1.0"
  description = ""
  authors = ["qbit"]
  readme = "README.md"
  
  [[tool.poetry.source]]
  name = "aliyun"
  url = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/"
  default = true
  
  [tool.poetry.dependencies]
  python = "^3.8"
  requests = "~2.28.2"
  
  [build-system]
  requires = ["poetry-core"]
  build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

• 切换 python 版本并创建虚拟环境

  poetry env use C:\Python38\python.exe

• 查看虚拟环境信息

  > poetry env info
  
  Virtualenv
  Python:         3.8.10
  Implementation: CPython
  Path:           F:\tmp\test38\.venv
  Executable:     F:\tmp\test38\.venv\Scripts\python.exe
  Valid:          True
  
  System
  Platform:   win32
  OS:         nt
  Python:     3.8.10
  Path:       C:\Python38
  Executable: C:\Python38\python.exe

• 安装第三方库

  poetry update -vv

后记

• 如果报类似如下错误，部分包安装不成功，可以 poetry shell 进入虚拟环境后用 pip 安装报错的包

  _WheelFileValidationError
  version.py is not mentioned in RECORD
  In {self._zipfile.filename}, hash / size of {item.filename} didn't match RECORD

• 出现上面这个错误的原因是第三方包不够规范，使得 poetry 在校验的时候出错。可以参考 installer: do not fail on invalid wheels, print only a warning

本文出自 qbit snap