Theia 开发环境搭建

Theia 开发环境搭建文档

官方文档：https://github.com/eclipse-theia/theia/blob/master/doc/Developing.md#prerequisites

当前搭建版本：v1.35.0。

官方文档写的安装环境条件

Node.js >= 16.14.0 and < 17.
- If you are interested in Theia's VS Code Extension support then you should use a Node version at least compatible with the one included in the version of Electron used by VS Code.
Yarn package manager >= 1.7.0 AND < 2.x.x.
git (If you would like to use the Git-extension too, you will need to have git version 2.11.0 or higher.)
Python3 is required for the build due to node-gyp@8.4.1

Some additional tools and libraries are needed depending on your platform:

Linux
- make
- gcc (or another compiling toolchain)
- pkg-config
- build-essential: sudo apt-get install build-essential
  native-keymap native node module dependencies:
  - Debian-based: sudo apt-get install libx11-dev libxkbfile-dev
  - Red Hat-based: sudo yum install libX11-devel.x86_64 libxkbfile-devel.x86_64 # or .i686
  - FreeBSD: sudo pkg install libX11
    keytar native node module dependencies (reference):
    - Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install libsecret-1-dev
    - Red Hat-based: sudo yum install libsecret-devel
    - Arch Linux: sudo pacman -S libsecret
    - Alpine: apk add libsecret-dev
- Linux/MacOS
  - nvm is recommended to easily switch between Node.js versions.
- Windows
  - windows-build-tools
    - run PowerShell as Administrator and copy paste the following: npm --add-python-to-path install --global --production windows-build-tools .
  - If you run into problems with installing the required build tools, the node-gyp documentation offers a useful guide how to install the dependencies manually. The versions required for building Theia are:
    - Python 3.6 or higher
    - Visual Studio build tools 17
  - If you have multiple versions of either python or Visual Studio installed or if the tool is not found, you may adjust the used version via the npm config:
    - npm config set python /path/to/executable/python --global
    - npm config set msvs_version 2017 --global
安装流程
以下记录皆在 Ubuntu22 下完成。
基础开发环境配置
由于 ubuntu22 已经携带了 python3 就不需要另外安装配置了。
安装 git
```
sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install git
```
安装 nvm
```
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.3/install.sh | bash
```
安装成功后安装 node 16 版本
```
nvm install 16
```
配置 NPM 镜像源
```
npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
```
设置成功后可以直接安装 yarn，默认安装的都是 1.x.x 版本的
```
npm i -g yarn
```
Linux 开发环境额外依赖安装
根据以上官方给的信息，Ubuntu 下还要额外安装一些依赖才能正常使用。
```
sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install build-essential libx11-dev libxkbfile-dev libsecret-1-dev
```
输入命令确认工具正常调用
```
gcc --version
make --version
pkg-config --version
```
安装项目依赖
环境都安装成功之后在项目下用 yarn 安装依赖。
```
git clone https://github.com/eclipse-theia/theia.git \ # 命令会默认下载最新版本 需要下载项目指定版本安装
  && cd theia \
  && yarn
```
安装完成后会自动执行编译，会输出类似以下信息，没有报错即可。
```
 >  Lerna (powered by Nx)   Running target prepare for 5 projects:

    - @theia/cli
    - @theia/eslint-plugin
    - @theia/re-exports
    - @theia/core
    - @theia/electron

 ——————————————————————————————————————————

> @theia/re-exports:prepare

yarn run v1.22.19
$ tsc -b
Done in 4.37s.

> @theia/electron:prepare

yarn run v1.22.19
$ yarn -s generate-theia-re-exports
Done in 1.63s.

> @theia/core:prepare


> @theia/cli:prepare

yarn run v1.22.19
yarn run v1.22.19
$ tsc -b
$ yarn -s generate-theia-re-exports
Done in 1.49s.

> @theia/eslint-plugin:prepare

yarn run v1.22.19
$ tsc -b
Done in 25.37s.
Done in 39.28s.
```
启动示例
启动浏览器示例:
```
yarn download:plugins \
  && yarn browser build \
  && yarn browser start
```
访问 http://localhost:3000 查看。
启动 Electron 示例:
```
yarn download:plugins \
    && yarn electron build \
    && yarn electron start
```
安装问题记录
基本都是官方提到的环境依赖不全导致
- 安装编译环境
```
sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential
```
  命令执行后会安装 gcc 、g++ 、make 等软件包和必要的头文件库。
  安装完成后执行命令查看是否正常输出版本信息
```
gcc --version
make --version
```
- PKG_CONFIG_PATH 环境变量未找到
  pkg-config 用来查找系统中安装库文件的信息，典型的是用作库的编译和连接。
  官网：PKG_CONFIG
  - 使用 apt-get 安装
```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pkg-config
```
  - 使用 make 编译安装
    进入官网下载源码，进入目录后执行：
```
make
make check
make install
```
    安装完成后执行命令查看是否正常输出版本信息
```
pkg-config --version
```
    如果 --cflags 命令输出信息为空，会影响到 make 命令执行，可以配置环境变量
```
export PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_SYSTEM_CFLAGS=1
export PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_SYSTEM_LIBS=1
```
    相关阅读：使用 pkg-config 让 C++ 工程编译配置更灵活
- native-keymap 命令执行失败；No package 'x11' found；No package 'xkbfile' found
```
sudo apt-get install libx11-dev libxkbfile-dev
```
- keytar: Command failed. No package 'libsecret-1' found
```
sudo apt-get install libsecret-1-dev
```
- electron 下载过慢
  可以配置使用国内镜像地址：
```
npm config set electron_mirror=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/electron/
```
  或者始终设置跳过下载
```
ELECTRON_SKIP_BINARY_DOWNLOAD=1
```
- playwright、FFMPEG playwright 下载过慢
  pip 使用清华源：
```
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
```
  存放位置：
```
%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\ms-playwright on Windows
~/Library/Caches/ms-playwright on MacOS
~/.cache/ms-playwright on Linux
```
  chromium 存放位置：~/.cache/ms-playwright/chromium-{版本号}，目前安装下来的文件夹名是 chromium-1005
  ffmpeg 存放位置：~/.cache/ms-playwright/ffmpeg-{版本号}，目前安装下来的文件夹名是 ffmpeg-1007
  也可以配置环境变量自定义文件位置：
```
PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH={文件路径}/pw-browsers
```
  如果需要不下载二进制文件可以配置环境变量：
```
PLAYWRIGHT_SKIP_BROWSER_DOWNLOAD=1
```
  然后再执行安装
- 部分环境变量只想一次性生效或只在当前项目生效
  只生效一次可以加在执行命令前面，如
```
ELECTRON_SKIP_BINARY_DOWNLOAD=1 yran
```
  只在当前项目生效，可以在项目根目录创建 .npmrc 文件，将配置信息写入：
```
ELECTRON_SKIP_BINARY_DOWNLOAD=1
PLAYWRIGHT_SKIP_BROWSER_DOWNLOAD=1
```
- nvm 无法记忆切换的 Node 版本
  nvm-windows 与 nvm 实际上是两个工具，切换版本的命令不太一样。
  nvm-windows 使用 nvm use 能够切换默认版本，nvm 使用以下命令设置 nvm 默认版本
```
nvm alias default 16.19.1
```