介绍
V语言在HN上经常被讨论,号称有几个优点:
- 安全(默认不可变变量等类似Rust特性)
- 简单易用(语法一看就懂)
- 内置包管理工具(VPM)
- 跨平台UI
目的
- 初步了解V语言;
- 学习valgrind工具获取程序运行信息;
- 冒泡排序Rust对比V语言;
- 作为技术决策的调研数据;
V的其它优势
可以将C语言工程直接翻译为V
hot reload
类似于增量编译,每次修改代码不需要编译整个工程
基于OpenGL/Metel/DirectX11的图形库
- 加载3D模型和材质
- Camera
- 骨骼动画
交叉编译容易
加一个参数就可以在Windows平台上编译为Linux,这个比较强大,目前主流交叉编译的项目例如ReactNative,Electron的做法都比这个要麻烦。v -os windows
或者v -os linux
即可。
没搞懂它背后如何实现的,可能搞了一种字节码和runtime。
测试条件
硬件
CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz 3.19 GHz
RAM: 16.0 GB
OS
Microsoft Windows 11
WSL2 Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
项目
- 文件读取
- JSON parse
- 冒泡排序
所以正好有兴趣测试一下V语言是否像它宣称的那么好。测试条件我选择从文件中读取JSON数据,分析后对数组进行冒泡排序,这个测试第一可以测试IO性能,第二增加了JSON parse的过程,最后用冒泡排序查看内存使用情况。
代码如下:
import os
import time
import json
fn main() {
sw := time.new_stopwatch()
str := os.read_file('../data.json')!
mut arr := json.decode([][]f64, str)!
// println(arr)
for i in 0..arr.len {
bubble_sort(mut arr[i])
// println(arr[i])
}
println('消耗时间 : ${sw.elapsed().milliseconds()}ms')
}
// Bubble Sort
[direct_array_access]
fn bubble_sort(mut array []f64) {
for i in 0..array.len {
for j in 0..array.len - 1 - i {
if array[j] > array[j + 1] {
array[j], array[j + 1] = array[j + 1], array[j]
}
}
}
// println('${array[i]}')
}
Rust部分代码
use std::fs;
use std::io::{Write, BufReader, BufRead, Error};
#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_json;
fn bubble_sort<T: PartialOrd>(arr: &mut [T]) {
for i in 0..arr.len() {
for j in 0..arr.len() - 1 - i {
// println!("{}", arr[j]);
if arr[j] > arr[j + 1] {
arr.swap(j, j + 1);
}
}
}
}
fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
let path = "../data.json";
println!("In file {}", path);
let contents = fs::read_to_string(path)
.expect("Should have been able to read the file");
let v: Vec<Vec<f64>> = serde_json::from_str(&contents).unwrap();
// println!("{:?}",v);
for mut x in v {
bubble_sort(&mut x);
}
Ok(())
}
执行命令
Memory:
valgrind --tool=memcheck ./target/release/rust
valgrind --tool=memcheck ./sort
CPU:
valgrind --tool=callgrind ./target/release/rust
valgrind --tool=callgrind ./sort
# CPU结果生成图
gprof2dot --format=callgrind --output=out.dot ./callgrind.out.521
dot -Tpng out.dot -o graph.png
测试结果
V
==507==
==507== HEAP SUMMARY:
==507== in use at exit: 2,992 bytes in 11 blocks
==507== total heap usage: 505,129 allocs, 505,118 frees, 32,341,222 bytes allocated
==507==
==507== LEAK SUMMARY:
==507== definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==507== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==507== possibly lost: 2,992 bytes in 11 blocks
==507== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==507== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==507== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==507==
==507== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialised values come from
==507== For lists of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -s
==507== ERROR SUMMARY: 1990 errors from 102 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
Rust
==504== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==504== Copyright (C) 2002-2017, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==504== Using Valgrind-3.18.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==504== Command: ./target/release/rust
==504==
In file ../data.json
==504==
==504== HEAP SUMMARY:
==504== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==504== total heap usage: 1,159 allocs, 1,159 frees, 21,370,367 bytes allocated
==504==
==504== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==504==
==504== For lists of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -s
==504== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
精简版
内存
Rust:1159次alloc,1159次free,共20.38MB
V: 505129次alloc, 505118次free,共30.84MB
CPU
V
Rust
结果
- V语言内存占用显然比Rust多。
- JSON parse后,V使用了11.65%的CPU时间用于
__memcpy_avx_unaligned_erm
,内存对齐?没搞懂,反正V的时间比Rust长很多。
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