K8S prometheus exporter应用

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    背景：

    前面对远程http服务的拨测体验简单拨测了一下http服务，最近偶遇了一下服务到期默认进入回收站，服务连不上redis数据库的问题（腾讯云报警通知服务现在不能保证优先队列，现在会滞后性）。由于日志业务上报问题，业务的错误日志没有上报给我，程序自己收集的，这就造成了滞后性。现在了想把云内资源都监控起来，当然了我不想使用所谓的云监控！下面搞一下redis elastic mysql mongo等服务的exporter黑盒监控！

    redis 监控

    面临的问题:

    1. exporter如何监控多个实例?

    2. REDIS带账号密码，并且账号密码不同，也有无密码实例！

      解决方案：

    3. https://codeantenna.com/a/xgXu2Z3xXk 一个exporter对应一个redis实例
    4. https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter 仓库有多实例的方案
    5. https://github.com/starsliao/ConsulManager 基于Consul服务自动注册发现
    6. Redis Exporter批量监控Redis Server 基于Apollo进行管理

    Redis_exporter 是较常用redis监控解决方案，在早期的redis_exporter 版本中，并不能支持一个 redis_exporter 实例监控多个 Redis 实例方式，这样造成 exporter 实例的数量较多，难以维护和管理。但在后续的版本中已经解决了此问题。在 metrics 的暴漏形式上也有所改变：

    # old
http://redis_exporter:9121/metrics
# now
http://redis_exporter:9121/scrape?target=redis://redis:6379

    这种改变一定程度缓解了 redis_exporter实例过多，维护不易管理的现象。当然了顺便吐槽一下redis_exporter这个项目：
    image.png
    带有所谓政治色彩，个人很是不喜欢！

    部署redis_exporter

    我这里还是老老实实第二种方式了，基本参照：redis_exporter 部署配置多实例,部署一个redis exporter监控所有的Redis实例：
    cat redis-exporter.yaml

    ---  
apiVersion: v1
data:
  redis_passwd.json: |
    {
      "redis://172.0.0.16:6379":"xxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.7:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.8:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.9:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.13:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.28:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.23:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.39:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.44:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.4.12:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.21:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.4.3:6379":"xxxxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.70:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.4.29:6379":"",
      "redis://172.0.2.5:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.130:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.131:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.4.5:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.113:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.82:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.31:6379":"",
      "redis://172.0.5.6:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.4.6:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.0.56:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.4.66:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.4.138:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.4.104:6379":"",
      "redis://172.0.4.65:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.4.82:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.4.78:6379":"xxxxxx",
      "redis://172.0.4.108:6379":"xxxxxx"
    }
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: redis-passwd-cm
  namespace: monitoring
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: redis-exporter
  name: redis-exporter
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: redis-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: redis-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: redis-exporter
        image: oliver006/redis_exporter:latest
        env:
        - name: TZ
          value: "Asia/Shanghai"
        args:
        - "-redis.password-file=/opt/redis_passwd.json"
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        ports:
        - name: http-metrics
          containerPort: 9121
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - name: redis-passwd-conf-map
          mountPath: "/opt"
      volumes:
      - name: redis-passwd-conf-map
        configMap:
          name: redis-passwd-cm
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: redis-exporter
  name: redis-exporter
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http-metirc
    protocol: TCP
    port: 9121
    targetPort: 9121
  selector:
    app: redis-exporter

    apply 创建redis-exporter。等的pod running:

    kubectl apply -f redis-exporter.yaml
kubectl get pods -n monitoring|grep redis

    image.png

    修改Prometheus 自动发现配置:

    我kubernetes集群为tke，偷懒尝试了一下修改prometheus-additional secret：

    image.png
    cat prometheus-additional.yaml

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-endpoints'
  kubernetes_sd_configs:
  - role: endpoints
  relabel_configs:
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
    action: keep
    regex: true
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
    action: replace
    target_label: __scheme__
    regex: (https?)
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
    action: replace
    target_label: __metrics_path__
    regex: (.+)
  - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
    action: replace
    target_label: __address__
    regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
    replacement: $1:$2
  - action: labelmap
    regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
    action: replace
    target_label: kubernetes_namespace
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
    action: replace
    target_label: kubernetes_name
  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
    action: replace
    target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
- job_name: 'blackbox'
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [http_2xx]
  static_configs:
    - targets:
      - https://layamarket.layabox.com
      - https://layamarket.masteropen.layabox.com
      - https://master-gameucenter.layabox.com
      - https://master-metaspace-maker.layaverse.com
  relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      target_label: __param_target
    - source_labels: [__param_target]
      target_label: instance
    - target_label: __address__
      replacement: 172.22.255.22:19115
- job_name: 'redis-exporter'
  metrics_path: /scrape
  scrape_interval: '15s'
  scrape_timeout: '15s'
  scheme: 'http'
  static_configs:
    - targets:
        - redis://172.0.0.16:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.7:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.8:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.9:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.13:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.28:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.23:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.39:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.44:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.12:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.21:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.3:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.70:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.29:6379
        - redis://172.0.2.5:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.130:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.131:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.5:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.113:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.82:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.31:6379
        - redis://172.0.5.6:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.6:6379
        - redis://172.0.0.56:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.66:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.138:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.104:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.65:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.82:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.78:6379
        - redis://172.0.4.108:6379       
  relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      target_label: __param_target
    - source_labels: [__param_target]
      target_label: instance
    - target_label: __address__
      replacement: redis-exporter.monitoring.svc:9121

    保持默认，添加了redis自动发现的job!
    手动在这里修改了：

    image.png
    当然了正常的流程方式是这样：

    kubectl delete secret additional-configs  -n monitoring
kubectl create secret generic additional-configs --from-file=prometheus-additional.yaml -n monitoring

    也可以yaml base64修改secret中的内容....这东西看个人玩法了！

    重载prometheus配置:

    查看prometheus pod ip:

    kubectl get pods -n monitoring -o wide|grep prometh

    image.png
    reload 加载服务：

    root@ap-shanghai-k8s-master-1:~/prometh/redis# curl -X POST http://172.22.2.121:9090/-/reload
root@ap-shanghai-k8s-master-1:~/prometh/redis# curl -X POST http://172.22.3.51:9090/-/reload

    image.png

    登陆prometheus 控制台查看metrics:

    点击prometheus控制台,查看Status Targets:
    image.png
    redis target已经注册了：
    image.png
    Prometheus 这里搜索框输入redis有很多指标可以补全：
    image.png

    随手点一个：
    image.png

    报警alert:

    简单做了一个内存占用超80的报警alert:
    cat redis-alert.yaml

    apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: PrometheusRule
metadata:
  labels:
    prometheus: k8s
    role: alert-rules
  name: redis-exporter-rule
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  groups:
  - name: redis-alert
    rules:
    - alert: RedisDown
      annotations:
        description: |-
          Redis instance is down
            VALUE = {{ $value }}
            LABELS: {{ $labels }}
        summary: Redis down (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      expr: redis_up == 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: critical
    - alert: RedisOutOfMemory
      annotations:
        description: |-
          Redis is running out of memory (> 80%)
        summary: Redis out of memory (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      expr: redis_memory_used_bytes / redis_memory_max_bytes * 100 > 80
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
    - alert: RedisTooManyConnections
      annotations:
        description: |-
          Redis instance has too many connections
            VALUE = {{ $value }}
            LABELS: {{ $labels }}
        summary: Redis too many connections (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      expr: redis_connected_clients > 100
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning

    kubectl apply -f redis-alert.yaml

    这里稍微等一下，prometheus实例加载配置文件：

    kubectl logs -f prometheus-k8s-1 -n monitoring

    image.png
    也可以进入pod确认是否配置同步过来：

    kubectl exec -it prometheus-k8s-0   sh -n monitoring
cd /etc/prometheus/rules/prometheus-k8s-rulefiles-0
cat monitoring-redis-exporter-rule.yaml

    image.png
    img_v2_22354f7f-c90e-4a17-ab5e-dd8c95212a4g.jpg

    grafana监控：

    我用的这个模板：https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11835-redis-dashboard-for-prometheus-redis-exporter-helm-stable-redis-ha/
    打开grafan控制台，点击左侧边栏+号 import 11835模板 load:
    image.png
    保持原有name, prometheus 数据库选择prometheus实例，Import:
    image.png
    正常是这样的：
    image.png
    Variables 修改了一下：
    image.png
    image.png
    当然了只是为了个人看着习惯：
    image.png

    可能出现的问题：redis exporter 针对 redis2.8以及之前版本 grafana控制台 Memory Usage 选项可能无法显示,我默默把redis版本都进行升级了一下.....

    Mysql监控：

    mysql授权

    前提条件： 容器集群与mysql在统一VPC ,上面的redis实验环境也是。文中所有实例都在统一VPC环境下！
    由于数据库是云数据库，这里演示选择了两个实例：

    10.0.6.67
10.0.5.9

    image.png
    可以一下这样完成对mysql的监控账号授权：云联网

    CREATE USER 'exporter'@'ip' IDENTIFIED BY 'XXXXXXXX' WITH MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 3;
GRANT PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT, SELECT ON *.* TO 'exporter'@'ip';

    由于我这里是云数据库，我直接点击云数据库创建账号并授权：
    image.png
    注意：主机信任这里偷懒了%，个人应该根据实际生产环境来设置！
    授权：
    image.png
    注： 控制台并没有新建一个账号直接绑定两个实例的快速方式。两个实例都进行了账号创建以及授权！

    创建mysql_exporter

    cat mysql-exporter.yaml

    ---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: mysql-exporter
  name: mysql-exporter
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: mysql-exporter
        image: prom/mysqld-exporter:latest
        command:
          - /bin/mysqld_exporter
        args:
          - --collect.info_schema.innodb_metrics
          - --collect.info_schema.tables
          - --collect.info_schema.processlist
          - --collect.info_schema.tables.databases=*
          - --mysqld.username=exporter
          - --collect.mysql.user.privileges
          - --collect.mysql.user
          - --collect.global_status
          - --collect.global_variables
          - --collect.slave_status
          - --collect.perf_schema.indexiowaits
          - --collect.perf_schema.tablelocks
          - --collect.perf_schema.eventsstatements
          - --collect.perf_schema.eventswaits
          - --collect.binlog_size
          - --collect.perf_schema.tableiowaits
          - --collect.perf_schema.replication_group_members
          - --collect.perf_schema.replication_group_member_stats
          - --collect.info_schema.userstats
          - --collect.info_schema.clientstats
          - --collect.perf_schema.file_events
          - --collect.perf_schema.file_instances
          - --collect.perf_schema.memory_events
          - --collect.info_schema.innodb_cmpmem
          - --collect.info_schema.query_response_time
          - --collect.info_schema.tablestats
          - --collect.info_schema.schemastats
        env:
        - name: TZ
          value: "Asia/Shanghai"
        - name: MYSQLD_EXPORTER_PASSWORD
          value: "xxxxxx"
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        ports:
        - name: http-metrics
          containerPort: 9104
          protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: mysql-exporter
  name: mysql-exporter
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http-metirc
    protocol: TCP
    port: 9104
    targetPort: 9104
  selector:
    app: mysql-exporter

    注：MYSQLD_EXPORTER_PASSWORD 为创建账号相对应密码。mysqld.username=exporter为对应账号。其他--collect参照文档：https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/tree/main 。apply创建mysql-exporter:

    kubectl apply -f mysql-exporter.yaml
kubectl get pods -n monitoring |grep mysql

    image.png
    注意：这里可能会出现一些报错，基本就是下面这样子的可以在mysql-exporter.yaml找到对应--collect 参数进行修改。基本是版本对应或者其他问题！
    kubectl logs -f mysql-exporter-xxxx -n monitoring查看：
    image.png

    修改Prometheus 自动发现配置，并重载配置:

    additional-configs添加如下配置，参照上一步中redis的类似配置：

    - job_name: mysql # To get metrics about the mysql exporter’s targets'
  scrape_interval: 30s
  metrics_path: /probe
  static_configs:
    - targets:
      - 10.0.0.67:3306
      - 10.0.5.9:3306
  relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      target_label: __param_target
    - source_labels: [__param_target]
      target_label: instance
    - target_label: __address__
      # The mysqld_exporter host:port
      replacement: mysql-exporter.monitoring.svc:9104

    重载配置参照上面redis的相关设置：

     curl -X POST http://172.22.3.51:9090/-/reload
 curl -X POST http://172.22.2.51:9090/-/reload

    登陆prometheus 控制台查看metrics:

    点击控制台Status Targets:
    image.png
    Prometheus 这里搜索框输入mysql有很多指标可以补全：
    image.png

    报警alert:

    突然不知道拿什么来做报警指标了....为什么呢？云数据库获取不了存储这些阿？
    正常的数据库 exporter监控的 mysql_exporter 是跟node_exporter一起使用的，这样可以获取内存硬盘使用的参照值，百分比，然后进行报警。这是为比较喜欢看到的。这里佛系找个参数体验一下报警吧！比如实例运行状态，连接数？这实例连接数也很小，就演示一下：
    以mysql_global_status_threads_connected为例：
    image.png
    cat mysql-alert.yaml

    apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: PrometheusRule
metadata:
  labels:
    prometheus: k8s
    role: alert-rules
  name: mysql-exporter-rule
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  groups:
  - name: mysql-alert
    rules:
    - alert: MySQL Status # 告警名称
      expr: up == 0
      for: 5s # 满足告警条件持续时间多久后，才会发送告警
      annotations: # 解析项，详细解释告警信息
        summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: MySQL has stop !!!"
        value: "{{$value}}"
        alertname: "MySQL数据库停止运行"
        description: "检测MySQL数据库运行状态"
        message: 当前数据库实例{{$labels.instance}}已经停止运行，请及时处理
    - alert: MySQL connected # 告警名称
      expr: mysql_global_status_threads_connected > 10
      for: 5s # 满足告警条件持续时间多久后，才会发送告警
      annotations: # 解析项，详细解释告警信息
        summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: MySQL 连接数超过10 !!!"
        value: "{{$value}}"
        alertname: "MySQL连接数"
        description: "检测MySQL数据库连接数"
        message: 当前数据库实例{{$labels.instance}} 连接数超过10!

    注意：这里其实是个坑up == 0 ，其实应该mysql_up==0,否则会收到很多 ==0的报警在这个alert下！
    apply创建alert:

    kubectl apply -f mysql-alert.yaml
kubectl get prometheusrule -n monitoring

    image.png
    img_v2_2cb8b02d-9b4b-4458-95ee-b69a65daeedg.jpg

    grafana监控：

    https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/搜索mysql 模板：
    image.png
    直接默认第一个了7362模板其实应该：
    image.png
    grafana import 7362模板：
    image.png
    image.png
    目测是这样的：
    image.png
    Buffer Pool Size of Total RAM没有数据，也没有办法：毕竟针对的是搭建在node上面的exporter跟node指标一起使用的：
    image.png但是Process这里应该是可以显示的？
    image.png
    edit图表参照https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/issues/487 修改
    mysql_info_schema_threads 为mysql_info_schema_processlist_threads :
    image.png

    image.png
    image.png
    注意save保存模板！
    mysql 基本就先这样了有所制约，不能实现自己想要实现的完美展示！

    Mongodb监控

    mongodb个人不是多么熟悉，网上也没有多实例的例子，这里就简单演示一下单实例的监控流程！直接参照腾讯云文档：MongoDB Exporter 接入
    正式第一步应该是创建Mongodb监控可读账号,参照这里的流程：

    image.png
    由于我这里只是演示，直接用了云mongo数据库的管理员账号密码。这里在生产环境是不推荐的！

    使用 Secret 管理 MongoDB 连接串

    cat mongo-secret.yaml

    apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
    name: mongodb-secret-develop
    namespace: monitoring
type: Opaque
stringData:
        datasource: "mongodb://mongouser:xxxxxx@10.0.4.88:27017,10.0.4.103:27017,10.0.4.85:27017/admin?ssl=false"  # 对应连接URI

    apply 创建mongo secret：

    kubectl apply -f mongo-secret.yaml

    image.png

    部署 MongoDB Exporter

    cat mongo-exporter.yaml

    apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: mongodb-exporter # 根据业务需要调整成对应的名称，建议加上 MongoDB 实例的信息
  name: mongodb-exporter # 根据业务需要调整成对应的名称，建议加上 MongoDB 实例的信息
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: mongodb-exporter # 根据业务需要调整成对应的名称，建议加上 MongoDB 实例的信息
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: mongodb-exporter # 根据业务需要调整成对应的名称，建议加上 MongoDB 实例的信息
    spec:
      containers: 
        - args:
            - --collect-all
            - --compatible-mode
            - --no-mongodb.direct-connect 
          env:
            - name: MONGODB_URI
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: mongodb-secret-develop
                  key: datasource
          image: percona/mongodb_exporter:0.39.0
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          name: mongodb-exporter
          ports:
            - containerPort: 9216
              name: http-metirc  # 这个名称在配置抓取任务的时候需要
          securityContext:
            privileged: false
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      imagePullSecrets:
        - name: qcloudregistrykey
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: { }
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: mongodb-exporter
  name: mongodb-exporter
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - name: http-metirc
    port: 9216
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 9216
  selector:
    k8s-app: mongodb-exporter

    apply 创建mongo-exporter:

    kubectl apply -f mongo-exporter.yaml

    image.png

    root@ap-shanghai-k8s-master-1:~/prometh/mongo# kubectl get svc -n monitoring|grep mongo
mongo-exporter          ClusterIP      172.22.253.214   <none>        9206/TCP                     25s
root@ap-shanghai-k8s-master-1:~/prometh/mongo# kubectl get pods -n monitoring|grep mongo
mongodb-exporter-7b7689dfc4-cdqsr      1/1     Running   0              6m47s

    image.png

    修改Prometheus 自动发现配置:

    additional-configs添加如下配置，参照上一步中redis的类似配置：

    - job_name: 'mongo-exporter' 
  scrape_interval: 60s
  metrics_path: /metrics
  static_configs:
    - targets:
        - 10.0.4.88:27017
        - 10.0.4.103:27017
        - 10.0.4.85:27017
  relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      target_label: __param_target
    - source_labels: [__param_target]
      target_label: instance
    - target_label: __address__
      replacement: mongodb-exporter.monitoring.svc:9216

    重载prometheus配置：
    image.png

    登陆prometheus 控制台查看metrics:

    点击登陆prometheus控制台查看Status Targets:
    image.png

    报警alert:

    mongo的监控参数不太熟悉。google搜到了一个网站：
    mongodb_exporter 参考借用了一下：
    mongodb_up 服务状态
    image.png
    mongodb_ss_connections{conn_type="current"} 客户端连接数
    image.png
    cat mongodb-alert.yaml

    apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: PrometheusRule
metadata:
  labels:
    prometheus: k8s
    role: alert-rules
  name: mongodb-exporter-rule
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  groups:
  - name: mongodb-alert
    rules:
    - alert: mongodb Status # 告警名称
      expr: mongodb_up  == 0
      for: 5s # 满足告警条件持续时间多久后，才会发送告警
      annotations: # 解析项，详细解释告警信息
        summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: mongodb has stop !!!"
        value: "{{$value}}"
        alertname: "mongodb数据库停止运行"
        description: "检测mongodb数据库运行状态"
        message: 当前数据库实例{{$labels.instance}}已经停止运行，请及时处理
    - alert: mongodb connected # 告警名称
      expr: mongodb_ss_connections{conn_type="current"}  > 10
      for: 5s # 满足告警条件持续时间多久后，才会发送告警
      annotations: # 解析项，详细解释告警信息
        summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: mongodb 连接数超过10 !!!"
        value: "{{$value}}"
        alertname: "mongodb连接数"
        description: "检测mongodb数据库连接数"
        message: 当前数据库实例{{$labels.instance}} 连接数超过10!
    kubectl apply -f mongodb-alert.yaml

    image.png

    kubectl get prometheusrule -n monitoring

    image.png
    报警会是必出的，因为我这连接数肯定三大于10的！就直接到alertmanager上面看一眼了：
    image.png

    grafana监控

    grafana官方网站搜索mongodb模板，最终选择了14997模板：
    image.png

    grafana导入模板：
    image.png
    import配置：
    image.png
    监控展示页面如下：
    image.png
    当然了还有许多模板可以借鉴参考：
    忘了模板ID了......
    image.png
    不能正常显示的图表，可以自定义去修改查看参数！

    Elastic监控

    elasticsearch也没有发现可以单个exporter监控多个elasticsearch的方法，也跟风问了一下chatgpt:
    image.png
    老老实实的单实例体验一下吧：

    部署elasticsearch_exporter

    cat elasticsearch-exporter.yaml

    apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: elasticsearch-exporter # 根据业务需要调整成对应的名称，建议加上 MongoDB 实例的信息
  name: elasticsearch-exporter # 根据业务需要调整成对应的名称，建议加上 MongoDB 实例的信息
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: elasticsearch-exporter # 根据业务需要调整成对应的名称，建议加上 MongoDB 实例的信息
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: elasticsearch-exporter # 根据业务需要调整成对应的名称，建议加上 MongoDB 实例的信息
    spec:
      containers: 
        - args:
            - '--es.uri=http://elastic:xxxxxx@10.0.4.145:9200'
            - '--es.all'
            - '--es.indices'
            - '--es.indices_settings'
            - '--es.indices_mappings'
            - '--es.shards'
            - '--es.snapshots'
            - '--es.timeout=30s'
          image: quay.io/prometheuscommunity/elasticsearch-exporter:latest
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          name: elasticsearch-exporter
          ports:
            - containerPort: 9114
              name: http-metirc  # 这个名称在配置抓取任务的时候需要
          securityContext:
            privileged: false
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      imagePullSecrets:
        - name: qcloudregistrykey
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: { }
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: elasticsearch-exporter
  name: elasticsearch-exporter
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - name: http-metirc
    port: 9114
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 9114
  selector:
    k8s-app: elasticsearch-exporter

    apply创建 elasticsearch exporter:Process

    kubectl apply -f elasticsearch-exporter.yaml

    image.png
    等待服务running:

    kubectl get pods -n monitoring|grep elas
kubectl get svc -n monitoring|grep elas

    image.png
    测试curl 一下metics:

    curl 172.22.253.106:9114/metrics

    image.png

    修改Prometheus 自动发现配置:

    additional-configs添加如下配置，参照上一步中redis的类似配置：

    - job_name: 'elasticsearch-exporter' # To get metrics about the mysql exporter’s targets'
  scrape_interval: 60s
  metrics_path: /metrics
  static_configs:
    - targets:
        - 10.0.4.145:9200
  relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      target_label: __param_target
    - source_labels: [__param_target]
      target_label: instance
    - target_label: __address__
      # The mysqld_exporter host:port
      replacement: elasticsearch-exporter.monitoring.svc:9114

    prometheus 重新加载配置：

    curl -X POST http://172.22.3.15:9090/-/reload
curl -X POST http://172.22.1.204:9090/-/reload

    image.png

    登陆prometheus 控制台查看metrics:

    登陆prometheus 查看Targets:
    image.png
    查看出现了各种elastic参数指标：
    image.png

    报警alert:

    告警规则随手抄了一个：
    参照：k8s容器中通过Prometheus Operator部署Elasticsearch Exporter监控Elasticsearch
    image.png
    只修改了一下namespace:

    ---
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: PrometheusRule
metadata:
  labels:
    prometheus: k8s
    role: alert-rules
  name: es-cluster-rules
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  groups:
    - name: elasticsearch-exporter
      rules:
        - alert: es-ElasticsearchHealthyNodes
          expr: elasticsearch_cluster_health_number_of_nodes < 3
          for: 0m
          labels:
            severity: critical
          annotations:
            summary: Elasticsearch Healthy Nodes (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
            description: "Missing node in Elasticsearch cluster\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
        - alert: es-ElasticsearchClusterRed
          expr: elasticsearch_cluster_health_status{color="red"} == 1
          for: 0m
          labels:
            severity: critical
          annotations:
            summary: Elasticsearch Cluster Red (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
            description: "Elastic Cluster Red status\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
        - alert: es-ElasticsearchClusterYellow
          expr: elasticsearch_cluster_health_status{color="yellow"} == 1
          for: 0m
          labels:
            severity: warning
          annotations:
            summary: Elasticsearch Cluster Yellow (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
            description: "Elastic Cluster Yellow status\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
        - alert: es-ElasticsearchDiskOutOfSpace
          expr: elasticsearch_filesystem_data_available_bytes / elasticsearch_filesystem_data_size_bytes * 100 < 10
          for: 0m
          labels:
            severity: critical
          annotations:
            summary: Elasticsearch disk out of space (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
            description: "The disk usage is over 90%\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
        - alert: es-ElasticsearchHeapUsageTooHigh
          expr: (elasticsearch_jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="heap"} / elasticsearch_jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="heap"}) * 100 > 90
          for: 2m
          labels:
            severity: critical
          annotations:
            summary: Elasticsearch Heap Usage Too High (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
            description: "The heap usage is over 90%\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
        - alert: es-ElasticsearchHealthyDataNodes
          expr: elasticsearch_cluster_health_number_of_data_nodes < 3
          for: 0m
          labels:
            severity: critical
          annotations:
            summary: Elasticsearch Healthy Data Nodes (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
            description: "Missing data node in Elasticsearch cluster\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

    为了体现报警，elasticsearch_cluster_health_number_of_nodes < 3 。我这里节点只有2个（测试环境，腾讯云elastic服务）当然了这里应该根据实际情况编写报警规则！我这里就是一个2节点集群!

    image.png
    image.png

    grafana监控：

    image.png
    image.png
    7752模板导入一下会看着舒服一点：
    image.png
    exporter就先到这里了.......

    总结

    1. exporter对于云服务的监控还是很不完美，毕竟每家都有自己的护城河。
    2. 自动发现多实例这样的借助consul 阿波罗这样的会简单一些。
    3. aws可以借助cloudwatch这样的导入模板到grafana中。
    4. 还是希望能将类似腾讯云云监控中的这些指标采集到prometheus中，但是这过程应该还很遥远
    5. grafana出图 prometheus查询语法这些东西有时间的好好研究一下。
    6. 报警有必要进行分级别，收敛配置一下！
    kubernetesprometheusgrafana监控
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