首发于Enaium的个人博客
前言
本文将介绍如何使用 Kotlin 全栈技术栈Ktor
+Kotlin/JS
来构建一个简单的全栈应用。
准备工作
创建项目
首先我们需要创建一个Kotlin
项目,之后继续在其中新建两个子项目,一个是Kotlin/JS
项目,另一个是Ktor
项目。
添加依赖和插件
这里我使用了Gradle
的catalog
,在项目中的gradle
目录下创建一个libs.versions.toml
文件,用于管理项目中的依赖版本。
[versions]
jimmer = "0.0.9"
kotlin = "1.9.23"
ktor = "2.3.9"
ksp = "1.9.23-1.0.20"
coroutines = "1.8.0"
serialization = "1.6.3"
wrappers = "1.0.0-pre.729"
logback = "1.5.3"
postgresql = "42.7.3"
hikari = "5.1.0"
koin = "3.5.6"
[libraries]
ktor-server-core = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-server-core-jvm", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-server-netty = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-server-netty-jvm", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-server-cors = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-server-cors", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-server-content-negotiation = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-server-content-negotiation", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-serialization-jsackson = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-serialization-jackson", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-server-config-yaml = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-server-config-yaml", version.ref = "ktor" }
logback = { module = "ch.qos.logback:logback-classic", version.ref = "logback" }
kotlinx-coroutines-core = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core", version.ref = "coroutines" }
kotlinx-serialization-json = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json", version.ref = "serialization" }
kotlin-wrappers = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlin-wrappers:kotlin-wrappers-bom", version.ref = "wrappers" }
kotlin-wrappers-react = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlin-wrappers:kotlin-react" }
kotlin-wrappers-react-dom = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlin-wrappers:kotlin-react-dom" }
kotlin-wrappers-emotion = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlin-wrappers:kotlin-emotion" }
postgresql = { module = "org.postgresql:postgresql", version.ref = "postgresql" }
hikari = { module = "com.zaxxer:HikariCP", version.ref = "hikari" }
koin = { module = "io.insert-koin:koin-ktor", version.ref = "koin" }
[bundles]
api = ['ktor-server-core', 'ktor-server-netty', 'ktor-server-cors', 'ktor-server-content-negotiation', 'ktor-serialization-jsackson', 'ktor-server-config-yaml', 'logback', 'postgresql', 'hikari', 'koin']
app = ['kotlinx-coroutines-core', 'kotlinx-serialization-json', 'kotlin-wrappers-react', 'kotlin-wrappers-react-dom', 'kotlin-wrappers-emotion']
[plugins]
jimmer = { id = "cn.enaium.jimmer.gradle", version.ref = "jimmer" }
kotlin-jvm = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm", version.ref = "kotlin" }
kotlin-multiplatform = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform", version.ref = "kotlin" }
ktor = { id = "io.ktor.plugin", version.ref = "ktor" }
ksp = { id = "com.google.devtools.ksp", version.ref = "ksp" }
kotlin-plugin-serialization = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.serialization", version.ref = "kotlin" }
之后我们分别在前端和后端项目中的build.gradle.kts
文件中引入这些依赖和插件。
后端
plugins {
alias(libs.plugins.kotlin.jvm)
alias(libs.plugins.ktor)
alias(libs.plugins.ksp)
alias(libs.plugins.jimmer)
application
}
group = "cn.enaium"
version = "1.0.0"
application {
mainClass = "cn.enaium.TodoKt"
applicationDefaultJvmArgs = listOf("-Dio.ktor.development=${extra["development"] ?: "false"}")
}
dependencies {
implementation(libs.bundles.api)
}
这里有一个配置,添加到gradle.properties
文件中。
development=true
前端
plugins {
alias(libs.plugins.kotlin.multiplatform)
alias(libs.plugins.kotlin.plugin.serialization)
}
kotlin {
js {
browser {
commonWebpackConfig {
cssSupport {
enabled.set(true)
}
}
}
binaries.executable()
}
sourceSets {
val jsMain by getting {
dependencies {
implementation(project.dependencies.enforcedPlatform(libs.kotlin.wrappers))
implementation(libs.bundles.app)
}
}
}
}
这里需要将前端项目的src/main
改为src/jsMain
。
最后进入到根项目的settings.gradle.kts
文件中添加以下代码。
pluginManagement {
repositories {
maven("https://maven.pkg.jetbrains.space/public/p/compose/dev")
google()
gradlePluginPortal()
mavenCentral()
}
}
dependencyResolutionManagement {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
maven("https://maven.pkg.jetbrains.space/public/p/compose/dev")
}
}
还有gradle.build.kts
文件中只保留以下代码。
plugins {
alias(libs.plugins.kotlin.jvm) apply false
alias(libs.plugins.kotlin.multiplatform) apply false
}
好了,现在我们的项目已经准备好了。
编写代码
后端
首先创建配置文件src/main/resources/application.yml
。
ktor:
deployment:
port: 8080
application:
modules:
- cn.enaium.TodoKt.module
jdbc:
driver: 'org.postgresql.Driver'
url: 'jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres?currentSchema=todo'
username: 'postgres'
password: 'postgres'
之后创建logback
配置文件src/main/resources/logback.xml
。
<configuration>
<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<root level="trace">
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
</root>
<logger name="org.eclipse.jetty" level="INFO"/>
<logger name="io.netty" level="INFO"/>
</configuration>
还有创建数据库。
drop schema if exists todo cascade;
create schema todo;
drop table if exists todo.task;
create table todo.task
(
id uuid primary key,
name text not null,
start_time timestamp default now(),
end_time timestamp
)
之后创建一个主类cn.enaium.Todo
。
fun main(args: Array<String>) = EngineMain.main(args)
之后编写一个扩展函数cn.enaium.Todo.module
。
fun Application.module() {
}
安装一些插件
Koin
install(Koin) {
modules(module {
single<ApplicationEnvironment> { environment }
})
}
CORS
install(CORS) {
allowMethod(HttpMethod.Options)
allowMethod(HttpMethod.Post)
allowMethod(HttpMethod.Get)
allowHeader(HttpHeaders.AccessControlAllowOrigin)
allowHeader(HttpHeaders.ContentType)
anyHost()
}
Jackson
install(ContentNegotiation) {
jackson {
registerModules(ImmutableModule())
}
}
Jimmer
接下来配置一下Jimmer
。
fun sql(environment: ApplicationEnvironment): KSqlClient {
return newKSqlClient {
setConnectionManager {
HikariPool(HikariConfig().apply {
driverClassName = environment.config.property("jdbc.driver").getString()
jdbcUrl = environment.config.property("jdbc.url").getString()
username = environment.config.property("jdbc.username").getString()
password = environment.config.property("jdbc.password").getString()
maximumPoolSize = 10
connectionTimeout = 30000
}).connection.use {
proceed(it)
}
}
setDialect(PostgresDialect())
}
}
之后添加到Koin
中。
single<KSqlClient> { sql(get()) }
编写一个Task
实体类。
package cn.enaium.entity
import org.babyfish.jimmer.sql.Entity
import org.babyfish.jimmer.sql.GeneratedValue
import org.babyfish.jimmer.sql.Id
import org.babyfish.jimmer.sql.Table
import org.babyfish.jimmer.sql.meta.UUIDIdGenerator
import java.util.*
/**
* @author Enaium
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "task")
interface Task {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generatorType = UUIDIdGenerator::class)
val id: UUID
val name: String
val startTime: Date
val endTime: Date?
}
接下来就可以编写Service
了。
package cn.enaium.service
import cn.enaium.entity.Task
import cn.enaium.entity.endTime
import cn.enaium.entity.startTime
import org.babyfish.jimmer.sql.kt.KSqlClient
import org.babyfish.jimmer.sql.kt.ast.expression.isNotNull
/**
* @author Enaium
*/
class TodoServe(private val sql: KSqlClient) {
fun getTasks(): List<Task> {
return sql.createQuery(Task::class) {
orderBy(table.endTime.isNotNull(), table.startTime)
select(table)
}.execute()
}
fun saveTask(task: Task) {
sql.save(task)
}
}
这里我们添加两个方法getTasks
和saveTask
,getTasks
用于获取所有任务并按照创建时间和是否完成排序,saveTask
用于保存任务,之后还是添加到Koin
中。
single<TodoServe> { TodoServe(get()) }
之后我们在module
添加路由。
val todoServe by inject<TodoServe>()
routing {
get("/task") {
call.respond(todoServe.getTasks())
}
post("/task") {
todoServe.saveTask(call.receive())
call.response.status(HttpStatusCode.OK)
}
}
前端
首先在src/jsMain/resources/index.html
中添加以下代码,这里需要注意的是app.js
,这个文件名称需要和前端的项目名称一致。
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Hello, Kotlin/JS!</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
<script src="app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
之后写一个main
函数。
import react.dom.client.createRoot
import web.dom.document
/**
* @author Enaium
*/
fun main() {
val container = document.getElementById("root") ?: error("Couldn't find root container!")
createRoot(container).render(App.create())
}
val App = FC {
}
然后就可以编写组件了。
首先需要创建两个data
类,一个是Task
,另一个是TaskInput
,Task
用于展示任务,TaskInput
用于请求。
@Serializable
data class Task(val id: String, var name: String, val startTime: Long, val endTime: Long?) {
fun copy(name: String = this.name, startTime: Long = this.startTime, endTime: Long? = this.endTime) =
Task(id, name, startTime, endTime)
fun toInput() = TaskInput(id, name, startTime, endTime)
}
@Serializable
data class TaskInput(
val id: String? = null,
val name: String? = null,
val startTime: Long? = null,
val endTime: Long? = null
)
之后编写请求函数,使用fetch
发送请求。
val coroutine = CoroutineScope(window.asCoroutineDispatcher())
suspend fun fetchTasks(): List<Task> {
window.fetch("http://localhost:8080/task").await().let {
if (it.status != 200.toShort()) {
throw Exception("Failed to fetch")
}
return Json.decodeFromDynamic<List<Task>>(it.json().await())
}
}
suspend fun saveTask(task: TaskInput) {
window.fetch(
"http://localhost:8080/task",
RequestInit(
method = "POST",
body = Json.encodeToString(TaskInput.serializer(), task),
headers = json("Content-Type" to "application/json")
)
).await().let {
if (it.status != 200.toShort()) {
throw Exception("Failed to save")
}
}
}
TaskItem
编写一个TaskItem
组件,用于展示任务,编辑任务,完成任务,逻辑就是点击Edit
按钮可以编辑任务,按Enter
保存,按Escape
取消,点击Finish
按钮完成任务。
external interface TaskItemProps : Props {
var task: Task
}
val TaskItem = FC<TaskItemProps> { props ->
var editState by useState(false)
var taskState by useState<TaskInput>()
useEffect(listOf(taskState)) {
taskState?.let {
coroutine.launch {
saveTask(it)
window.location.reload()
}
}
}
div {
if (editState) {
input {
defaultValue = props.task.name
onKeyUp = {
if (it.asDynamic().key == "Enter") {
taskState = props.task.copy(name = it.target.asDynamic().value as String).toInput()
editState = false
}
if (it.asDynamic().key == "Escape") {
editState = false
}
}
}
} else {
div {
css {
color = if (props.task.endTime == null) Color("red") else Color("green")
}
div {
+props.task.id
}
div {
+props.task.name
}
div {
+kotlin.js.Date(props.task.startTime).toLocaleString()
props.task.endTime?.let {
+" - "
+kotlin.js.Date(it).toLocaleString()
}
}
}
button {
+"Edit"
onClick = {
editState = !editState
}
}
button {
+"Finish"
onClick = {
taskState = props.task.copy(endTime = Date().getTime().toLong()).toInput()
}
}
}
}
}
App
最后编写App
组件,获取任务列表,添加任务。
val App = FC {
var tasksState by useState(emptyList<Task>())
var taskState by useState<TaskInput>()
useEffectOnce {
coroutine.launch {
tasksState = fetchTasks()
}
}
useEffect(listOf(taskState)) {
taskState?.let {
coroutine.launch {
saveTask(it)
window.location.reload()
}
}
}
div {
input {
css {
fontSize = 24.px
}
onKeyUp = {
if (it.asDynamic().key == "Enter") {
taskState = TaskInput(name = it.target.asDynamic().value as String)
}
}
}
div {
css {
marginTop = 10.px
display = Display.flex
flexDirection = FlexDirection.column
gap = 10.px
}
tasksState.forEach {
TaskItem {
key = it.id
task = it
}
}
}
}
}
运行
前端和后端默认端口都是8080
,所以先运行后端,之后运行前端。
后端使用application
插件的run
任务,前端使用jsBrowserDevelopmentRun
任务。
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