作者|SelectDB 技术团队

作为广受认可的分布式数据库,OceanBase 已在众多企业关键业务系统中得到广泛应用。在 Apache Doris 社区,有众多用户选择基于 OceanBase 与 Apache Doris 以构建强大的数据处理与分析链路,本文将详细介绍如何便捷高效将数据从 OceanBase 迁移/同步至 Apache Doris 。

实用指南

00 环境准备

使用 Docker 启动 Oceanbase 服务,OceanBase Docker 环境搭建可参考 Oceanbase 文档 - 使用 Docker 部署 OceanBase 数据库

docker run -p 2881:2881 --name oceanbase -e MINI_MODE=1 -d oceanbase/oceanbase-ce:4.0.0.0

在 OceanBase 中创建表并增加数据

[root@VM-10-6-centos ~]$ mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P2881 -uroot

mysql> CREATE DATABASE ob;                                                                                                                                 
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
                                                                                                                                                           
mysql> use ob;                                                                                                                                             
Database changed  

mysql> CREATE TABLE student (                                                                                                                              
    -> id int,                                                                                                                                     
    -> name varchar(256),                                                                                                                              
    -> age int,                                                                                                                                    
    -> primary key (id)                                                                                                                                  
    -> );                                                                                                                                                  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)


mysql> insert into student values(1, 'zhangsan01', 18),                                                                                                    
    ->                           (2, 'zhangsan02', 23),                                                                                                    
    ->                           (3, 'zhangsan03', 30),                                                                                                    
    ->                           (4, 'zhangsan04', 35),                                                                                                    
    ->                           (5, 'zhangsan05', 40);                                                                                                    
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)                                                                                                                       
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0  

在 Doris 中创建表

[root@VM-10-6-centos ~]$ mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P9030 -uroot -p

mysql> CREATE TABLE `student` (                                                                                                                            
    ->    id int,                                                                                                                                          
    ->   `name` varchar(256),
    ->   `age` int                                                                                                                              
    -> ) ENGINE=OLAP                                                                                                                                       
    -> UNIQUE KEY(`id`)                                                                                                                                    
    -> COMMENT 'OLAP'                                                                                                                                      
    -> DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1                                                                                                                 
    -> PROPERTIES (                                                                                                                                        
    -> "replication_allocation" = "tag.location.default: 1"                                                                                                
    -> );                                                                                                                                                  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) 

01 使用 DataX 同步

DataX 是阿里云 DataWorks 数据集成的开源版本,它提供了 OceanBaseReader 和 DorisWriter 两个组件,可以便捷的将 OceanBase 中数据迁移到 Doris 中来。具体使用步骤为:

1. 下载 DataX

2. 编写 DataX 配置文件

{                                                                                                                                                          
    "job": {                                                                                                                                               
        "setting": {                                                                                                                                       
            "speed": {                                                                                                                                     
                "channel": 1                                                                                                                               
            }                                                                                                                                              
        },                                                                                                                                                 
        "content": [                                                                                                                                       
            {                                                                                                                                              
                "reader": {                                                                                                                                
                    "name": "oceanbasev10reader",                                                                                                          
                    "parameter": {                                                                                                                         
                        "username": "root",                                                                                                                
                        "password": "123456",                                                                                                              
                        "column": ["*"],                                                                                                                   
                        "connection": [                                                                                                                    
                            {                                                                                                                              
                                "table": ["student"],                                                                                                   
                                "jdbcUrl": ["jdbc:oceanbase://127.0.0.1:2881/ob"]                                                                       
                            }                                                                                                                              
                        ]                                                                                                                                  
                    }                                                                                                                                      
                },                                                                                                                                         
                "writer": {                                                                                                                                
                    "name": "doriswriter",                                                                                                                 
                    "parameter": {                                                                                                                         
                        "loadUrl": ["127.0.0.1:28737"],                                                                                                   
                        "loadProps": {                                                                                                                     
                        },                                                                                                                                 
                        "column": ["*"],                                                                                                                   
                        "username": "root",                                                                                                                
                        "password": "",                                                                                                                    
                        "postSql": [],                                                                                                                     
                        "preSql": [],                                                                                                                      
                        "flushInterval":10000,                                                                                                             
                        "connection": [                                                                                                                    
                          {                                                                                                                                
                            "jdbcUrl": "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:29737/test",                                                                               
                            "selectedDatabase": "test",                                                                                                    
                            "table": ["student"]                                                                                                     
                          }                                                                                                                                
                        ],                                                                                                                                 
                        "loadProps": {                                                                                                                     
                            "format": "json",                                                                                                              
                            "strip_outer_array": true                                                                                                      
                        }                                                                                                                                  
                    }                                                                                                                                      
                }                                                                                                                                          
            }                                                                                                                                              
        ]                                                                                                                                                  
    }                                                                                                                                                      
}        

更多配置可参考 Oceanbasev10readerDorisWriter

3. 执行 DataX 脚本

python2 bin/datax.py oceanbase2doris.json

执行 DataX 脚本.png

4. 完成数据同步,Doris 中数据为:

mysql> select * from student;                                                                                                                              
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
| id   | name       | age  |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
|    1 | zhangsan01 |   18 |                                                                                                                               
|    2 | zhangsan02 |   23 |                                                                                                                               
|    3 | zhangsan03 |   30 |                                                                                                                               
|    4 | zhangsan04 |   35 |                                                                                                                               
|    5 | zhangsan05 |   40 |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
5 rows in set (0.02 sec) 

02 使用 Catalog 同步

使用 Apache Doris 所支持的 Catalog 功能,可将 Oceanbase 中的数据表映射到 Doris,并通过 Insert 的方式将数据同步到 Doris 中。

下载 OceanBase 驱动包到 FE 和 BE 的 jdbc_drivers 目录下,并依次执行下方代码中操作:

-- 创建catalog
CREATE CATALOG jdbc_oceanbase PROPERTIES (
    "type"="jdbc",
    "user"="root",
    "password"="123456",
    "jdbc_url" = "jdbc:oceanbase://127.0.0.1:2881/ob",
    "driver_url" = "oceanbase-client-2.4.2.jar",
    "driver_class" = "com.oceanbase.jdbc.Driver"
)

-- 在doris中查询oceanbase的表
mysql> select * from jdbc_oceanbase.ob.student;                                                                                                            
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
| id   | name       | age  |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
|    1 | zhangsan01 |   18 |                                                                                                                               
|    2 | zhangsan02 |   23 |                                                                                                                               
|    3 | zhangsan03 |   30 |                                                                                                                               
|    4 | zhangsan04 |   35 |                                                                                                                               
|    5 | zhangsan05 |   40 |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE internal.test.student                                                                                                                  
    -> PROPERTIES("replication_num" = "1")                                                                                                                 
    -> AS SELECT * FROM jdbc_oceanbase.ob.student;                                                                                                         
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.07 sec)                                                                                                                       
{'label':'label_139f7d7f13ba491b_85038d67c9e3ae32', 'status':'VISIBLE', 'txnId':'12014'}


mysql> select * from internal.test.student;                                                                                                                
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
| id   | name       | age  |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
|    5 | zhangsan05 |   40 |                                                                                                                               
|    1 | zhangsan01 |   18 |                                                                                                                               
|    2 | zhangsan02 |   23 |                                                                                                                               
|    4 | zhangsan04 |   35 |                                                                                                                               
|    3 | zhangsan03 |   30 |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
5 rows in set (0.03 sec) 

03 使用 Flink CDC 同步

Flink CDC 提供了 OceanBase CDC 连接器,允许从 OceanBase 中读取快照数据和增量数据。具体操作步骤如下:

1. 准备环境

启动 OceanBase 和 OBLogProxy

docker pull oceanbase/oceanbase-ce:4.0.0.0
docker run --name oceanbase --network=host -e MINI_MODE=1 -d oceanbase/oceanbase-ce:4.0.0.0

docker pull whhe/oblogproxy:1.1.0_4x
docker run --network=host --name oceanbase_proxy -e OB_SYS_USERNAME=root -e OB_SYS_PASSWORD=123456 -d whhe/oblogproxy:1.1.0_4x

2. 设置密码

在 OceanBase 中,默认情况下 Root 用户是没有密码的。而 OBLogProxy 要求配置非空密码的系统租户用户,因此需要先为 root@sys 用户设置一个密码。

-- 登陆root用户的sys租户,
mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P2881 -uroot@sys 

-- 设置密码为上面的OB_SYS_PASSWORD
MySQL [(none)]> ALTER USER root IDENTIFIED BY '123456';                                                                                                    
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)    

-- 进入root用户的test租户,单独设置密码test
mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P2881 -uroot@test 
MySQL [(none)]> ALTER USER root IDENTIFIED BY 'test';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

-- 创建数据库表和数据
mysql> CREATE DATABASE ob;
mysql> USE ob;
mysql> CREATE TABLE student (                                                                                                                              
    -> id int,                                                                                                                                     
    -> name varchar(256),                                                                                                                              
    -> age int,                                                                                                                                    
    -> primary key (id)                                                                                                                                  
    -> );                                                                                                                                                  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> insert into student values(1, 'zhangsan01', 18),                                                                                                    
    ->                           (2, 'zhangsan02', 23),                                                                                                    
    ->                           (3, 'zhangsan03', 30),                                                                                                    
    ->                           (4, 'zhangsan04', 35),                                                                                                    
    ->                           (5, 'zhangsan05', 40);                                                                                                    
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)                                                                                                                       
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0  

3. Flink 环境配置

OceanBase CDC 的 jar 包和 Doris Connector 放在 FLINK_HOME/lib目录下,并重启 Flink 集群。

4. 执行 Flink SQL 任务

SET 'execution.checkpointing.interval' = '3s';

CREATE TABLE student (
    id INT,
    name STRING,
    age INT,
    PRIMARY KEY (id) NOT ENFORCED
  ) WITH (
    'connector' = 'oceanbase-cdc',
    'scan.startup.mode' = 'initial',
    'username' = 'root@test',
    'password' = 'test',
    'tenant-name' = 'test',
    'database-name' = 'ob',
    'table-name' = 'student',
    'hostname' = 'localhost',
    'port' = '2881',
    'rootserver-list' = '127.0.0.1:2882:2881',
    'logproxy.host' = 'localhost',
    'logproxy.port' = '2983',
    'working-mode' = 'memory'
  );
 
CREATE TABLE doris_sink (
    id INT,
    name STRING,
    age INT
)
WITH (
'connector' = 'doris',
'fenodes' = '10.16.10.6:28737',
'table.identifier' = 'test.student',
'username' = 'root',
'password' = ''
);
  
INSERT into doris_sink select * from student;

提交任务后,可以在 Doris 中查询到已同步的全量数据

mysql> select * from  student;                                                                                                                             
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
| id   | name       | age  |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
|    1 | zhangsan01 |   18 |                                                                                                                               
|    2 | zhangsan02 |   23 |                                                                                                                               
|    3 | zhangsan03 |   30 |                                                                                                                               
|    4 | zhangsan04 |   35 |                                                                                                                               
|    5 | zhangsan05 |   40 |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)  

接着,在 OceanBase 中模拟新增数据

MySQL [ob]> insert into student values(6, 'zhangsan06', 48)                                                                                                
    -> ;                                                                                                                                                   
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.13 sec)  

提交任务后,可在 Doris 中查询已同步的新增数据

mysql> select * from  student;                                                                                                                             
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
| id   | name       | age  |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
|    1 | zhangsan01 |   18 |                                                                                                                               
|    2 | zhangsan02 |   23 |                                                                                                                               
|    3 | zhangsan03 |   30 |                                                                                                                               
|    4 | zhangsan04 |   35 |                                                                                                                               
|    5 | zhangsan05 |   40 |                                                                                                                               
|    6 | zhangsan06 |   48 |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
6 rows in set (0.02 sec) 

注:支持 OceanBase3.x 和 4.x 的版本,需要注意 OBLogProxy 与 OceanBase 的版本匹配关系,具体可参考 GitHub Release

04 使用 Outfile 导出

还可以使用 Oceanbase 的 Outfile 功能,将数据导出到本地或 OSS,并基于 Doris 的Stream Load/S3 Load 能力将数据导入到 Doris 中。这里以本地文件为例:

MySQL [ob]> select * from student;                                                                                                                         
+----+------------+------+                                                                                                                                 
| id | name       | age  |                                                                                                                                 
+----+------------+------+                                                                                                                                 
|  1 | zhangsan01 |   18 |                                                                                                                                 
|  2 | zhangsan02 |   23 |                                                                                                                                 
|  3 | zhangsan03 |   30 |                                                                                                                                 
|  4 | zhangsan04 |   35 |                                                                                                                                 
|  5 | zhangsan05 |   40 |                                                                                                                                 
|  6 | zhangsan06 |   48 |                                                                                                                                 
+----+------------+------+                                                                                                                                 
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)   

MySQL [ob]> SELECT id,name,age INTO OUTFILE '/home/student.csv' 
            FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
            LINES TERMINATED BY '\n' FROM student;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)


#cat student.csv
1,zhangsan01,18
2,zhangsan02,23
3,zhangsan03,30
4,zhangsan04,35
5,zhangsan05,40
6,zhangsan06,48

在 Doris 中执行 Stream Load,将本地文件导入到 Doris 中

curl  --location-trusted -u root:  -H "column_separator:," -T student.csv http://127.0.0.1:28737/api/test/student/_stream_load

导入完成后,可在 Doris 中查询到已导入的数据

mysql> select * from student;                                                                                                                              
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
| id   | name       | age  |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
|    1 | zhangsan01 |   18 |                                                                                                                               
|    2 | zhangsan02 |   23 |                                                                                                                               
|    3 | zhangsan03 |   30 |                                                                                                                               
|    4 | zhangsan04 |   35 |                                                                                                                               
|    5 | zhangsan05 |   40 |                                                                                                                               
|    6 | zhangsan06 |   48 |                                                                                                                               
+------+------------+------+                                                                                                                               
6 rows in set (0.05 sec)    

数据类型映射

OceanBase 数据库能够在同一系统中支持 MySQL 和 Oracle 两种模式,因此 Apache Doris 类型映射也与 MySQL 和 Oracle 相同。这意味着 OceanBase 在与 Apache Doris 建立映射关系时,可以对照下方表格来定义表和列进行创建,以顺利执行数据迁移/同步操作。

01 MySQL 模式类型映射

MySQL 模式类型映射.png

详细可参考:JDBC Catalog - MySQL 文档

02 Oracle 模式类型映射

Oracle 模式类型映射.png

详细可参考:JDBC Catalog - Oracle 文档

总结语

本文介绍了多种 OceanBase 数据同步 Doris 的方式,可满足不同场景的同步需求。如需进行离线数据的同步,可以选择 DataX/Catalog/Outfile 方式;如需进行实时数据的同步,可直接选择 Flink CDC 方式。此外,无论是全量数据还是增量数据同步,均可通过 Flink CDC 这一方式完成。


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