定制化 MySQL 8.2.0 编译选项

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前情提要

前文介绍了如何在 Rocky Linux 9.2 上编译 MySQL 8.2.0 DEBUG 版本。但也留有疑问，编译时间过长，可否缩短等待时间。

本文将着重介绍 MySQL 8.2.0 编译过程中一些可定制的编译选项。

MySQL 存储引擎

在 MySQL 编译过程中，除了我们熟知的 MyISAM、InnoDB 引擎，还会默认编译几种存储引擎，分别是：

• ARCHIVE
• BLACKHOLE
• FEDERATED
• NDBCLUSTER
• CSV
• HEAP

下面来逐一介绍。

ARCHIVE

ARCHIVE 存储引擎¹，意为归档，可用于生成特殊用途的表，这些表以很小的占用空间存储大量未索引的数据。

ARCHIVE 的表只支持写入 (INSERT/REPLACE) 和查询 (SELECT)，不支持修改 (UPDATE) 和删除 (DELETE)。

该引擎不常用，且在 MySQL 8.2 中没有新的变化，预编译时加入参数 (WITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF) 可跳过该引擎。

BLACKHOLE

BLACKHOLE 故名思议为“黑洞”，可以接收数据，但并不储存数据。特殊的是，该引擎的表会写二进制日志 (binlog)，所以可以用在中继 (relay) 复制节点。

该引擎不常用，且在 MySQL 8.2 中没有新的变化，预编译时加入参数 (WITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF) 可跳过该引擎。

FEDERATED

简言之，FEDERATED 是 MySQL 里的 “DB Link”，支持从本地访问远程 MySQL 数据库里的表，而本地并不存储数据。

该引擎不常用，且在 MySQL 8.2 中没有新的变化，预编译时加入参数 (WITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF) 可跳过该引擎。

NDBCLUSTER

NDB 是 Network Database 的缩写，NDB 集群是 shared-nothing 架构，由 SQL 节点，数据节点和 NDB 管理节点组成。

以下引用摘自官方文档：

NDB Cluster is a technology that enables clustering of in-memory databases in a shared-nothing system. The shared-nothing architecture enables the system to work with very inexpensive hardware, and with a minimum of specific requirements for hardware or software. ²

从 MySQL 集群架构来说，推荐使用 InnoDB Cluster，而非 NDB Cluster，所以，在预编译时加入参数 (WITH_NDBCLUSTER_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF) 跳过该引擎。

CSV

CSV 存储引擎，用于将表数据存储在文本文件中。从 MySQL 5.7.1 开始，改为强制编译。

HEAP (MEMORY)

HEAP 存储引擎³，又称 MEMORY 存储引擎。顾名思义，输出存储在内存中，不具备数据持久化功能，所以仅可用于临时表。且不建议用在复制中，可能会造成上下游数据不一致的情况。

但由于该引擎默认编译，故一般情况下，加参数 WITH_HEAP_STORAGE_ENGINE 也无法跳过。

其他引擎

除过以上几种存储引擎之外，还有几种常见的引擎，如 InnoDB, MyISAM, PERFSCHEMA 等，但这都是 MySQL 默认绑定预装的，无法剥离。

MYSQL X 插件

从 MySQL 5.7.12 开始，引入 X plugin，包括 X 协议 和 X 开发API。该插件起到一个接口的作用，提供如 MySQL Shell (mysqlsh) 之类的工具连接 MySQL 服务器。

在 MySQL 5.7 中，需要用如下命令来安装，插件文件默认在 plugin_dir 路径下：

INSTALL PLUGIN mysqlx SONAME 'mysqlx.so';

在 MySQL 8.0 中，该插件默认安装。

如果需要卸载该插件，需要使用如下命令：

UNINSTALL PLUGIN mysqlx;

编译时，可以通过参数 WITH_MYSQLX 进行控制是否进行编译。

MySQL Router 组件

MySQL Router 是一个代理组件，负责分发来自应用的流量到后端数据库，支持读写、只读流量分发。

MySQL Route 是个轻量级组件，是 InnoDB Cluster 的重要组成。⁴

但是，如果不使用 MIC 方案，则可选择 ProxySQL 或 HAProxy 作为代理。

编译时，可以通过参数 WITH_ROUTER 进行控制是否进行编译。

编译过程

经过上述阐述，我们大致了解了 MySQL 常见的存储引擎，针对不同项目的使用情况，我们可以有针对性的使用不同的存储引擎，有些存储引擎如果用不到，就可以不安装，甚至不编译进安装包。

我们知道在 MySQL 的源码里，有很大一部分的代码是测试用例，在完整版的安装包里也会包含测试脚本，但在安装包正式发布前，一定是通过测试的，并且在生产环境中，并不会去运行测试脚本，所以我们可以跳过编译测试用例，以节省时间。

[root@rocky9 debug]# grep -i MYSQLTEST CMakeCache.txt 
//MYSQLTEST installation directory
INSTALL_MYSQLTESTDIR:STRING=mysql-test
//ADVANCED property for variable: INSTALL_MYSQLTESTDIR
INSTALL_MYSQLTESTDIR-ADVANCED:INTERNAL=1

下面来演示优化后的编译过程。

预编译选项如下：

cmake .. \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
-DWITH_BOOST=. \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF \
-DWITH_NDBCLUSTER_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF \
-DWITH_UNIT_TESTS=OFF

执行编译配置后，可以在生成的缓存文件中进行确认。

[shawnyan@rocky9 debug]$ grep -i engine CMakeCache.txt
WITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=OFF
WITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=OFF
WITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=OFF
WITH_NDBCLUSTER_STORAGE_ENGINE:UNINITIALIZED=OFF
WITH_CSV_STORAGE_ENGINE:INTERNAL=ON
WITH_HEAP_STORAGE_ENGINE:INTERNAL=ON
WITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE:INTERNAL=ON
WITH_MYISAMMRG_STORAGE_ENGINE:INTERNAL=ON
WITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE:INTERNAL=ON
WITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE:INTERNAL=ON
WITH_TEMPTABLE_STORAGE_ENGINE:INTERNAL=ON
[shawnyan@rocky9 debug]$

下面是咖啡时间 ☕，等待编译完成。。。

编译完成：

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编译耗时：real 73m, user 231m.

安装数据库，查看安装后的目录。

[root@rocky9 mysql]# ll
total 292
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Nov 10 00:19 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root     38 Nov 10 00:19 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Nov 10 00:19 include
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root    187 Nov 10 00:19 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 279351 Oct 12 19:40 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root     30 Nov 10 00:19 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    666 Oct 12 19:40 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 root root   4096 Nov 10 00:19 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root     77 Nov 10 00:19 support-files

运行数据库。

[mysql@rocky9 mysql]$ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
2023-11-09T16:07:52.428069Z 0 [System] [MY-015015] [Server] MySQL Server - start.
2023-11-09T16:07:53.115177Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.2.0-ShawnYan-debug) starting as process 146906
2023-11-09T16:07:53.174965Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-11-09T16:07:53.963537Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-11-09T16:07:57.246800Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2023-11-09T16:07:57.246958Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.
2023-11-09T16:07:57.584185Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.2.0-ShawnYan-debug'  socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  Source distribution.

查看引擎。

mysql> show engines;
+--------------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine             | Support | Comment                                                    | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| MRG_MYISAM         | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MyISAM             | YES     | MyISAM storage engine                                      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES     | Performance Schema                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| InnoDB             | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES          | YES  | YES        |
| MEMORY             | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables  | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| CSV                | YES     | CSV storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
+--------------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

查看插件。

mysql> show plugins;
+---------------------------------+--------+--------------------+---------+---------+
| Name                            | Status | Type               | Library | License |
+---------------------------------+--------+--------------------+---------+---------+
| binlog                          | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL    | GPL     |
| sha256_password                 | ACTIVE | AUTHENTICATION     | NULL    | GPL     |
| caching_sha2_password           | ACTIVE | AUTHENTICATION     | NULL    | GPL     |
| sha2_cache_cleaner              | ACTIVE | AUDIT              | NULL    | GPL     |
| daemon_keyring_proxy_plugin     | ACTIVE | DAEMON             | NULL    | GPL     |
| CSV                             | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL    | GPL     |
| MEMORY                          | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL    | GPL     |
| InnoDB                          | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_TRX                      | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMP                      | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMP_RESET                | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMPMEM                   | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET             | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX            | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET      | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE              | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU          | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS        | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO          | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_METRICS                  | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD      | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_DELETED               | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED         | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_CONFIG                | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE           | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE           | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_TABLES                   | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_TABLESTATS               | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_INDEXES                  | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_TABLESPACES              | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_COLUMNS                  | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_VIRTUAL                  | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_CACHED_INDEXES           | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| INNODB_SESSION_TEMP_TABLESPACES | ACTIVE | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL    | GPL     |
| MyISAM                          | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL    | GPL     |
| MRG_MYISAM                      | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL    | GPL     |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA              | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL    | GPL     |
| TempTable                       | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL    | GPL     |
| ngram                           | ACTIVE | FTPARSER           | NULL    | GPL     |
| mysql_native_password           | ACTIVE | AUTHENTICATION     | NULL    | GPL     |
+---------------------------------+--------+--------------------+---------+---------+
40 rows in set (0.01 sec)

彩蛋

之前在 PG 的文章中多次演示过如何在 PG 编译过程加入定制版本号。

例如：【PG16】后 RHEL 7 时代, PG 16 如何在 CentOS 7 上运行

$ psql
psql (16.0-ShawnYan)

在 MySQL 中，也同样可以加入定制版本信息，只需在编译时加入选项 MYSQL_SERVER_SUFFIX 即可。

实际效果如下：

[root@rocky9 bin]# ./mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.2.0-ShawnYan-debug Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select version();
+----------------------+
| version()            |
+----------------------+
| 8.2.0-ShawnYan-debug |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

总结

到此，MySQL 8.2.0 编译选项就先介绍到这里，在实际的测试或者生产环境中，可以依据实际项目需求，来增加、减少存储引擎或插件，当然，ALL IN ONE 也不是不可。

In short，本文介绍了 MySQL 的常见存储引擎，MySQL X 协议，和 Router，并提供了编译选项以供参考。

🌻 往期精彩 ▼

[MySQL]

• 再见 mysql_upgrade
• MySQL 8.1.0 已来！
• 从鸟山明到 MySQL 5.7 EOL
• MySQL Server 8.3.0 重要变更解析
• MySQL 数据库认证考试介绍（2024 版）
• 如何选择适合的 MySQL Connector/J 版本
• MySQL 8.4.0 LTS 发布 (MySQL 第一个长期支持版本)
• MySQL 8.4.0 LTS 变更解析：InnoDB 参数默认值变化
• MySQL 8.4.0 LTS 变更解析：MySQL 的复制与组复制
• MySQL 8.4.0 LTS 变更解析：I_S 表、权限、关键字和客户端
• MySQL 8.4.0 LTS 变更解析：源码编译（类库变更）和密码插件

[Oracle]

• Oracle 数据库全面升级为 23ai
• python-oracledb 已率先支持 Oracle 23ai
• 一文带你了解 Oracle 23ai 新特性 Vector 的基础用法
• SOP for Oracle 23ai：Python 连接 Oracle 的两种方法

[TiDB]

• 她来了，为期三个月。。。
• 星辰考古：TiDB v1.0 再回首
• TiDB x KubeBlocks 集成案例
• TiDB Cloud x Datadog 集成案例
• 快讯！TiDB v8 发版！超硬核 v8 引擎！
• TiDB v7.5.0 LTS 升级必读 | 新特性补充说明
• 理想中的开源社区是怎么样的？来自 TiDB 社区运营表妹的浅认识

-- / END / --

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1. https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.2/en/archive-storage-engin... ↩
2. https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.2/en/mysql-cluster-overvie... ↩
3. https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.2/en/memory-storage-engine... ↩
4. https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysql-innodb-cluster-... ↩