业务系统正常运行的稳定性十分重要,作为SpringBoot的四大核心之一,Actuator让你时刻探知SpringBoot服务运行状态信息,是保障系统正常运行必不可少的组件。
  spring-boot-starter-actuator提供的是一系列HTTP或者JMX监控端点,通过监控端点我们可以获取到系统的运行统计信息,同时,我们可以自己选择开启需要的监控端点,也可以自定义扩展监控端点。
  Actuator通过端点对外暴露的监控信息是JSON格式数据,我们需要使用界面来展示,目前使用比较多的就是Spring Boot Admin或者Prometheus + Grafana的方式:Spring Boot Admin实现起来相对比较简单,不存在数据库,不能存储和展示历史监控数据;Prometheus(时序数据库) + Grafana(界面)的方式相比较而言功能更丰富,提供历史记录存储,界面展示也比较美观。
  相比较而言,Prometheus + Grafana的方式更为流行一些,现在的微服务及Kubernetes基本是采用这种方式的。但是对于小的项目或者单体应用,Spring Boot Admin会更加方便快捷一些。具体采用那种方式,可以根据自己的系统运维需求来取舍,这里我们把框架集成两种方式,在实际应用过程中自有选择。

  本文主要介绍如何集成Spring Boot Admin以及通过SpringSecurity控制Actuator的端点权限。

1、在基础服务gitegg-platform中引入spring-boot-starter-actuator包。

  无论是使用Spring Boot Admin还是使用Prometheus + Grafana的方式都需要spring-boot-starter-actuator来获取监控信息,这里将spring-boot-starter-actuator包添加到gitegg-platform-boot基础平台包中,这样所有的微服务都集成了此功能。

        <!-- spring boot 健康监控 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
2、确定并引入工程使用的spring-boot-admin-starter-server和spring-boot-admin-starter-client依赖包。

  spring-boot-admin-starter-server是Spring Boot Admin的服务端,我们需要新建一个SpringBoot工程来启动这个服务端,用来接收需要监控的服务注册,展示监控告警信息。spring-boot-admin-starter-client是客户端,需要被监控的服务需要引入这个依赖包。
  此处请注意: 看到网上很多文章里面写着添加spring-boot-admin-starter-client包,在SpringCloud微服务中是不需要引入的,spring-boot-admin-starter-client包仅仅是为了引入我们gitegg-platform平台工程的对应版本,在gitegg-boot框架中使用,在SpringCloud微服务框架中,不需要引入spring-boot-admin-starter-client,SpringBootAdmin会自动根据微服务注册信息查找服务端点,官方文档说明:spring-cloud-discovery-support
  在选择版本时,一定要找到对应SpringBoot版本的Spring Boot Admin,GitHub上有版本对应关系的说明:
版本对应关系
  我们在gitegg-platform-pom中来定义需要引入的spring-boot-admin-starter-server和spring-boot-admin-starter-client依赖包版本,然后在微服务业务开发中具体引入,这里不做统一引入,方便微服务切换监控方式。

......
        <!-- spring-boot-admin 微服务监控-->
        <spring.boot.admin.version>2.3.1</spring.boot.admin.version>
......
            <!-- spring-boot-admin监控 服务端 https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/de.codecentric/spring-boot-admin-starter-server -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-server</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.admin.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- spring-boot-admin监控 客户端 https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/de.codecentric/spring-boot-admin-starter-client -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-client</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.admin.version}</version>
            </dependency>.
......
3、在GitEgg-Cloud项目的gitegg-plugin工程下新建gitegg-admin-monitor工程,用于运行spring-boot-admin-starter-server。
  • pom.xml中引入需要的依赖包

      <dependencies>
          <!-- gitegg Spring Boot自定义及扩展 -->
          <dependency>
              <groupId>com.gitegg.platform</groupId>
              <artifactId>gitegg-platform-boot</artifactId>
              <!-- 去除gitegg-platform-boot默认的依赖-->
              <exclusions>
                  <exclusion>
                      <groupId>com.gitegg.platform</groupId>
                      <artifactId>gitegg-platform-cache</artifactId>
                  </exclusion>
              </exclusions>
          </dependency>
          <!-- gitegg Spring Cloud自定义及扩展 -->
          <dependency>
              <groupId>com.gitegg.platform</groupId>
              <artifactId>gitegg-platform-cloud</artifactId>
          </dependency>
          <!-- security -->
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
              <!-- 去除springboot默认的logback配置-->
              <exclusions>
                  <exclusion>
                      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
                  </exclusion>
              </exclusions>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-server</artifactId>
          </dependency>
      </dependencies>
    
  • 添加spring-boot-admin-starter-server启动类GitEggMonitorApplication.java,添加@EnableAdminServer注解即可。

    @EnableAdminServer
    @SpringBootApplication
    @RefreshScope
    public class GitEggMonitorApplication {
      
      public static void main(String[] args)
      {
          SpringApplication.run(GitEggMonitorApplication.class, args);
      }
      
    }
  • 添加SpringSecurity的WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter配置类,保护监控系统安全。
      这里主要配置登录页面、静态文件、登录、退出等的权限。请注意这里配置了publicUrl的前缀,当部署在微服务环境或Docker环境中需要经过gateway或者nginx转发时,在SpringBootAdmin配置中,需要配置publicUrl,否则SpringBootAdmin只会跳转到本机环境的地址和端口。publicUrl如果是80端口,那么这个端口不能省略,需要配置上。

    @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    public class SecuritySecureConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
      
      private final AdminServerUiProperties adminUi;
      
      private final AdminServerProperties adminServer;
      
      private final SecurityProperties security;
      
      public SecuritySecureConfig(AdminServerUiProperties adminUi, AdminServerProperties adminServer, SecurityProperties security) {
          this.adminUi = adminUi;
          this.adminServer = adminServer;
          this.security = security;
      }
      
      @Override
      protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
          
          // 当设置了publicUrl时,Gateway跳转到login或logout链接需要redirect到publicUrl
          String publicUrl = this.adminUi.getPublicUrl() != null ? this.adminUi.getPublicUrl() : this.adminServer.getContextPath();
          SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler successHandler = new SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler();
          successHandler.setTargetUrlParameter("redirectTo");
          successHandler.setDefaultTargetUrl(publicUrl + "/");
          
          http.authorizeRequests(
                  (authorizeRequests) -> authorizeRequests.antMatchers(this.adminServer.path("/assets/**")).permitAll()
                          .antMatchers(this.adminServer.path("/actuator/info")).permitAll()
                          .antMatchers(this.adminServer.path("/actuator/health")).permitAll()
                          .antMatchers(this.adminServer.path("/login")).permitAll().anyRequest().authenticated()
          ).formLogin(
                  (formLogin) -> formLogin.loginPage(publicUrl + "/login").loginProcessingUrl(this.adminServer.path("/login")).successHandler(successHandler).and()
          ).logout((logout) -> logout.logoutUrl(publicUrl + "/logout")).httpBasic(Customizer.withDefaults())
                  .csrf((csrf) -> csrf.csrfTokenRepository(CookieCsrfTokenRepository.withHttpOnlyFalse())
                          .ignoringRequestMatchers(
                                  new AntPathRequestMatcher(this.adminServer.path("/instances"),
                                          HttpMethod.POST.toString()),
                                  new AntPathRequestMatcher(this.adminServer.path("/instances/*"),
                                          HttpMethod.DELETE.toString()),
                                  new AntPathRequestMatcher(this.adminServer.path("/actuator/**"))
                          ))
                  .rememberMe((rememberMe) -> rememberMe.key(UUID.randomUUID().toString()).tokenValiditySeconds(1209600));
      }
      
      /**
       * Required to provide UserDetailsService for "remember functionality"
       * @param auth
       * @throws Exception
       */
      @Override
      protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
          auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser(security.getUser().getName())
                  .password("{noop}" + security.getUser().getPassword()).roles(security.getUser().getRoles().toArray(new String[0]));
      }
      
    }
    4、在Nacos配置中心配置SpringBootAdmin的相关配置,在gitegg-admin-monitor工程中,也需要配置读取配置的相关yml文件,除了读取主配置之外,还需要读取SpringBootAdmin专属配置。
  • 新增gitegg-cloud-config-admin-monitor.yaml配置文件

    spring:
    boot:
      admin:
        ui:
          brand: <img src="http://img.gitegg.com/cloud/docs/images/logo.png"><span>GitEgg微服务监控系统</span>
          title: GitEgg微服务监控系统
          favicon: http://img.gitegg.com/cloud/docs/images/logo.png
          public-url: http://127.0.0.1:80/gitegg-admin-monitor/monitor
        context-path: /monitor
  • 在bootstrap.yml中新增读取gitegg-cloud-config-admin-monitor.yaml的配置

    server:
    port: 8009
    spring:
    profiles:
      active: '@spring.profiles.active@'
    application:
      name: '@artifactId@'
    cloud:
      inetutils:
        ignored-interfaces: docker0
      nacos:
        discovery:
          server-addr: ${spring.nacos.addr}
          metadata:
            # 启用SpringBootAdmin时 客户端端点信息的安全认证信息
            user.name: ${spring.security.user.name}
            user.password: ${spring.security.user.password}
        config:
          server-addr: ${spring.nacos.addr}
          file-extension: yaml
          extension-configs:
            # 必须带文件扩展名,此时 file-extension 的配置对自定义扩展配置的 Data Id 文件扩展名没有影响
            - data-id: ${spring.nacos.config.prefix}.yaml
              group: ${spring.nacos.config.group}
              refresh: true
            - data-id: ${spring.nacos.config.prefix}-admin-monitor.yaml
              group: ${spring.nacos.config.group}
              refresh: true
    5、扩展gitegg-gateway的SpringSecurity配置,增加统一鉴权校验。因我们有多个微服务,且所有的微服务在生产环境部署时都不会暴露端口,所以所有的微服务鉴权都会在网关做。

      SpringSecurity权限验证支持多过滤器配置,同时可配置验证顺序,我们这里需要改造之前的过滤器,这里新增Basic认证过滤器,通过securityMatcher设置,只有健康检查的请求走这个权限过滤器,其他请求继续走之前我们设置的OAuth2+JWT权限验证器。

    /**
     * 权限配置
     * 注解需要使用@EnableWebFluxSecurity而非@EnableWebSecurity,因为SpringCloud Gateway基于WebFlux
     *
     * @author GitEgg
     *
     */
    @RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor_ = @Autowired)
    @Configuration
    @EnableWebFluxSecurity
    public class MultiWebSecurityConfig {
      
      private final AuthorizationManager authorizationManager;
      
      private final AuthServerAccessDeniedHandler authServerAccessDeniedHandler;
      
      private final AuthServerAuthenticationEntryPoint authServerAuthenticationEntryPoint;
      
      private final AuthUrlWhiteListProperties authUrlWhiteListProperties;
      
      private final WhiteListRemoveJwtFilter whiteListRemoveJwtFilter;
      
      private final SecurityProperties securityProperties;
      
      @Value("${management.endpoints.web.base-path:}")
      private String actuatorPath;
      
      /**
       * 健康检查接口权限配置
       * @param http
       * @return
       */
      @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
      @Bean
      @ConditionalOnProperty( value = {"management.security.enabled", "management.endpoints.enabled-by-default"}, havingValue = "true")
      SecurityWebFilterChain webHttpSecurity(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
          if (StringUtils.isEmpty(actuatorPath))
          {
              throw new BusinessException("当启用健康检查时,不允许健康检查的路径为空");
          }
          http
                  .cors()
                  .and()
                  .csrf().disable()
                  .formLogin().disable()
                  .securityMatcher(new OrServerWebExchangeMatcher(
                          new PathPatternParserServerWebExchangeMatcher(actuatorPath + "/**"),
                          new PathPatternParserServerWebExchangeMatcher("/**" + actuatorPath + "/**")
                  ))
                  .authorizeExchange((exchanges) -> exchanges
                          .anyExchange().hasAnyRole(securityProperties.getUser().getRoles().toArray(new String[0]))
                  )
                  .httpBasic(Customizer.withDefaults());
          return http.build();
      }
      
      /**
       * 设置Basic认证用户信息
       * @return
       */
      @Bean
      @ConditionalOnProperty( value = {"management.security.enabled", "management.endpoints.enabled-by-default"}, havingValue = "true")
      ReactiveUserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
          return new MapReactiveUserDetailsService(User
                  .withUsername(securityProperties.getUser().getName())
                  .password(passwordEncoder().encode(securityProperties.getUser().getPassword()))
                  .roles(securityProperties.getUser().getRoles().toArray(new String[0]))
                  .build());
      }
      
      /**
       * 设置密码编码
       * @return
       */
      @Bean
      @ConditionalOnProperty( value = {"management.security.enabled", "management.endpoints.enabled-by-default"}, havingValue = "true")
      public static PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
          DelegatingPasswordEncoder delegatingPasswordEncoder =
                  (DelegatingPasswordEncoder) PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder();
          return  delegatingPasswordEncoder;
      }
      
      /**
       * 路由转发权限配置
       * @param http
       * @return
       */
      @Bean
      SecurityWebFilterChain apiHttpSecurity(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
          
          http.oauth2ResourceServer().jwt()
                  .jwtAuthenticationConverter(jwtAuthenticationConverter());
      
          // 自定义处理JWT请求头过期或签名错误的结果
          http.oauth2ResourceServer().authenticationEntryPoint(authServerAuthenticationEntryPoint);
      
          // 对白名单路径,直接移除JWT请求头,不移除的话,后台会校验jwt
          http.addFilterBefore(whiteListRemoveJwtFilter, SecurityWebFiltersOrder.AUTHENTICATION);
      
          // Basic认证直接放行
          if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(authUrlWhiteListProperties.getTokenUrls()))
          {
              http.authorizeExchange().pathMatchers(ArrayUtil.toArray(authUrlWhiteListProperties.getTokenUrls(), String.class)).permitAll();
          }
      
          // 判断是否有静态文件
          if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(authUrlWhiteListProperties.getStaticFiles()))
          {
              http.authorizeExchange().pathMatchers(ArrayUtil.toArray(authUrlWhiteListProperties.getStaticFiles(), String.class)).permitAll();
          }
      
          http.authorizeExchange()
                  .pathMatchers(ArrayUtil.toArray(authUrlWhiteListProperties.getWhiteUrls(), String.class)).permitAll()
                  .anyExchange().access(authorizationManager)
                  .and()
                  .exceptionHandling()
                  /**
                   * 处理未授权
                   */
                  .accessDeniedHandler(authServerAccessDeniedHandler)
                  /**
                   * 处理未认证
                   */
                  .authenticationEntryPoint(authServerAuthenticationEntryPoint)
                  .and()
                  .cors()
                  .and().csrf().disable();
      
          return http.build();
      }
      
      /**
       * ServerHttpSecurity没有将jwt中authorities的负载部分当做Authentication,需要把jwt的Claim中的authorities加入
       * 解决方案:重新定义ReactiveAuthenticationManager权限管理器,默认转换器JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter
       */
      @Bean
      public Converter<Jwt, ? extends Mono<? extends AbstractAuthenticationToken>> jwtAuthenticationConverter() {
          JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter jwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter = new JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter();
          jwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter.setAuthorityPrefix(AuthConstant.AUTHORITY_PREFIX);
          jwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter.setAuthoritiesClaimName(AuthConstant.AUTHORITY_CLAIM_NAME);
          
          JwtAuthenticationConverter jwtAuthenticationConverter = new JwtAuthenticationConverter();
          jwtAuthenticationConverter.setJwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter(jwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter);
          return new ReactiveJwtAuthenticationConverterAdapter(jwtAuthenticationConverter);
      }
    }
    
    6、在Nacos配置中心,统一配置所有微服务的健康检查端点地址,权限校验的用户名密码等。
    spring:
    ......
    security:
      # # 启用SpringBootAdmin时,健康检查权限校验,不使用SpringBootAdmin此处可省略
      user:
        name: user
        password: password
        roles: ACTUATOR_ADMIN
    ......
    
    # 性能监控端点配置
    management:
    security:
      enabled: true
      role: ACTUATOR_ADMIN
    endpoint:
      health:
        show-details: always
    endpoints:
      enabled-by-default: true
      web:
        base-path: /actuator
        exposure:
          include: '*'
    server:
      servlet:
        context-path: /actuator
    health:
      mail:
        enabled: false
    ......
    7、设置网关Gateway配置,对gitegg-admin-monitor进行过路由和转发。
    spring:
      gateway:
        discovery:
          locator:
            enabled: true
        routes:
    ......
          - id: gitegg-admin-monitor
            uri: lb://gitegg-admin-monitor
            predicates:
              - Path=/gitegg-admin-monitor/**
            filters:
              - StripPrefix=1
          - id: monitor
            uri: lb://gitegg-admin-monitor
            predicates:
              - Path=/monitor/**
            filters:
              - StripPrefix=0
    ......
    8、启动所有的微服务,并访问 http://127.0.0.1/gitegg-admin-monitor/monitor/login 进行健康检查微服务配置。

      根据我们在Nacos中的配置,我们这里的登录用户名密码是:user / password
    登录页
    默认应用列表页
    应用墙

  以上为SpringBootAdmin在SpringCloud微服务中的搭建和配置步骤,相比较而言比较简单,但是一定要注意权限问题,不要因为健康检查而泄露了系统信息。我们这里是通过Gateway进行的统一鉴权,在生产环境部署时,一定要注意修改默认的Basic校验用户名密码,甚至需要修改健康检查端点。

GitEgg-Cloud是一款基于SpringCloud整合搭建的企业级微服务应用开发框架,开源项目地址:

Gitee: https://gitee.com/wmz1930/GitEgg
GitHub: https://github.com/wmz1930/GitEgg


全栈程序猿
4 声望11 粉丝

阿里云开发者社区专家博主、企业级微服务开发平台GitEgg作者