《Operating System Concepts》阅读笔记：p95-p124

《Operating System Concepts》学习第 13 天，p95-p124 总结，总计 30 页。

一、技术总结

1.counter

Most of the counter-based tools on Linux systems read statistics from the /proc file system.

(1)per-process

ps, top。

(2)system-wide

vmstat, netstat, iostat。

2.tracing

(1)per-process

strace，gdb。

(2)system-wide

perf, tcpdump。

3.process

(1) 定义

Process is a program loaded into memory and executing.

(2)内存布局

自底向上分别是：Text section—the executable code > Data section—global variables > Heap section—memory that is dynamically allocated during program runtime > Stack section—temporary data storage when invoking functions (such as function parameters, return addresses, and local variables)。

二、英语总结(生词：4)

1.tuning

(1)tuning: tune

u. the process of adjusting sth to achieve the desired performance or sound(调优).

示例：Performance problems are considered bugs, so debugging can also include performance tuning, which seeks to improve performance by removing processing bottlenecks(《Operating System Concepts》第 95 页)。

2.shrink and grow

(1)shrink

vi/vt. to become smaller, to make sth smaller。

shrink and grow 的意思不难理解，就是我搞不明为什么有时候用 shrink and grow, 有时候用 decrease and increase，有时候用 reduce and grow，是否有什么讲究，还是都可以？查了很多解释，有时候这些解释也互相矛盾。这里记录一下遇到的例子，后续再对比总结一下。

(2)说明

看到一种说法是：对于 size, 使用 shrink。

(3)示例：

Notice that the sizes of the text and data sections are fixed, as their sizes do not change during program runtime. However, the stack and heap sections can shrink and grow dynamically during program execution.(《Operating System Concepts》第 107 页)。

3.delineate

(1)delineate: de-("completely") + lineare("draw line")

vt. Delineate literally means "to draw line completely" or "to outline sth in detail"(描绘，描述)。

示例：Certain operating systems also more finely delineate process states(《Operating System Concepts》第 109 页)

4.migrate

(1)migrate: *mei-("to move from one place to another")

示例：A process migrates among the ready queue and various wait queues throughout its lifetime(《Operating System Concepts》第 113 页)

关于英语的注解同步更新汇总到 https://github.com/codists/English-In-CS-Books 仓库。

三、其它

第 2 章(operating-system structure)简评：介绍了call, system structure, debuggin工具等。

四、参考资料

1. 编程

(1) Abraham Silberschatz，Peter Baer Galvin，Greg Gagne《Operating System Concepts》：https://book.douban.com/subject/30272539/

2. 英语

(1) Etymology Dictionary：https://www.etymonline.com

(2) Cambridge Dictionary：https://dictionary.cambridge.org

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