使用Java对接StockTV印度股票数据源API实战指南

关键词：Java API开发、Spring Boot、WebSocket、Apache HttpClient

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一、项目概述

本指南将使用Java实现StockTV金融数据API的完整对接方案，包含以下核心模块：

• ✅ REST API客户端：支持同步/异步调用
• ✅ WebSocket实时订阅：基于Spring WebSocket
• ✅ 企业级特性：连接池管理、熔断降级
• ✅ 生产就绪：完整的异常处理和监控

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二、环境准备

1. 技术栈要求

• JDK 17+
• Maven 3.6+
• Spring Boot 3.2+
• Apache HttpClient 5.3

2. 依赖配置（pom.xml）

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Boot Starter Web -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Apache HttpClient -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents.client5</groupId>
        <artifactId>httpclient5</artifactId>
        <version>5.3</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- WebSocket -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

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三、核心模块实现

1. REST客户端封装

@Component
public class StockTVClient {
    private static final String BASE_URL = "https://api.stocktv.top";
    private final CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
    
    public StockTVClient() {
        this.httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
            .setConnectionManager(PoolingHttpClientConnectionManagerBuilder.create()
                .setMaxConnTotal(100)
                .setMaxConnPerRoute(20)
                .build())
            .build();
    }

    public String getStockList(String apiKey, int countryId) throws IOException {
        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(BASE_URL + "/stock/stocks");
        request.addHeader("X-API-KEY", apiKey);
        
        try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request)) {
            return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
        }
    }
}

2. WebSocket客户端配置

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocket
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketConfigurer {

    @Override
    public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addHandler(new StockWebSocketHandler(), "/stock-ws")
            .setAllowedOrigins("*");
    }

    @Bean
    public WebSocketHandler stockWebSocketHandler() {
        return new StockWebSocketHandler();
    }
}

public class StockWebSocketHandler extends TextWebSocketHandler {
    
    @Override
    public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) {
        String wsUrl = "wss://ws-api.stocktv.top/connect?key=YOUR_API_KEY";
        session.sendMessage(new TextMessage(wsUrl));
    }

    @Override
    protected void handleTextMessage(WebSocketSession session, TextMessage message) {
        // 处理实时行情数据
        System.out.println("收到消息: " + message.getPayload());
    }
}

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四、业务逻辑实现

1. 股票数据服务层

@Service
public class StockService {
    
    private final StockTVClient stockTVClient;

    public StockService(StockTVClient stockTVClient) {
        this.stockTVClient = stockTVClient;
    }

    @Retryable(maxAttempts = 3, backoff = @Backoff(delay = 1000))
    public List<Stock> getIndianStocks(String apiKey) throws IOException {
        String response = stockTVClient.getStockList(apiKey, 14);
        return parseStockData(response);
    }

    private List<Stock> parseStockData(String json) {
        // 使用Jackson解析JSON
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        return mapper.readValue(json, new TypeReference<>() {});
    }
}

2. 控制器层

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/stocks")
public class StockController {

    private final StockService stockService;

    public StockController(StockService stockService) {
        this.stockService = stockService;
    }

    @GetMapping("/india")
    public ResponseEntity<List<Stock>> getIndiaStocks(
        @RequestHeader("X-API-KEY") String apiKey
    ) {
        try {
            return ResponseEntity.ok(stockService.getIndianStocks(apiKey));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new ResponseStatusException(
                HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, 
                "数据获取失败", 
                e
            );
        }
    }
}

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五、高级功能扩展

1. 熔断降级（使用Resilience4j）

@CircuitBreaker(name = "stockService", fallbackMethod = "fallbackGetStocks")
@RateLimiter(name = "stockService")
public List<Stock> getIndianStocksWithCircuitBreaker(String apiKey) throws IOException {
    return stockTVClient.getStockList(apiKey, 14);
}

private List<Stock> fallbackGetStocks(String apiKey, Throwable t) {
    // 返回缓存数据或默认值
    return Collections.emptyList();
}

2. 异步调用

@Async
public CompletableFuture<List<Stock>> getStocksAsync(String apiKey) {
    return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
        try {
            return stockService.getIndianStocks(apiKey);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new CompletionException(e);
        }
    });
}

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六、生产环境配置

1. 应用配置（application.yml）

stocktv:
  api:
    base-url: https://api.stocktv.top
    timeout: 10000
    max-connections: 100
    
resilience4j:
  circuitbreaker:
    instances:
      stockService:
        failureRateThreshold: 50
        minimumNumberOfCalls: 10
  ratelimiter:
    instances:
      stockService:
        limitForPeriod: 100
        limitRefreshPeriod: 1s

2. 安全配置

@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig {

    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth
                .requestMatchers("/api/**").authenticated()
                .anyRequest().permitAll()
            )
            .httpBasic(Customizer.withDefaults());
        return http.build();
    }
}

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七、监控与调试

1. Actuator集成

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. 自定义指标

@Bean
MeterRegistryCustomizer<MeterRegistry> metrics() {
    return registry -> registry.config().commonTags("application", "stocktv-client");
}

@Timed(value = "stocktv.api.time", description = "API调用耗时")
public List<Stock> getStocksWithMetrics(String apiKey) throws IOException {
    return stockService.getIndianStocks(apiKey);
}

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八、最佳实践建议

1. 连接管理

   • 使用连接池避免频繁建立连接
   • 设置合理的超时时间（推荐：连接超时3秒，读取超时10秒）

2. 安全防护

   • API密钥加密存储（推荐使用Vault）
   • 启用HTTPS证书校验

3. 性能优化

   • 启用HTTP/2协议
   • 使用GZIP压缩响应

4. 日志记录

   @Slf4j
   public class StockTVClient {
    public String getStockList(String apiKey) throws IOException {
        log.debug("请求股票数据，API Key: {}", maskApiKey(apiKey));
        // ...
    }
    
    private String maskApiKey(String key) {
        if (key == null || key.length() < 8) return "****";
        return key.substring(0, 3) + "****" + key.substring(key.length()-3);
    }
   }

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九、完整项目结构

stocktv-java/
├── src/
│   ├── main/
│   │   ├── java/
│   │   │   └── com/
│   │   │       └── stocktv/
│   │   │           ├── client/        # API客户端
│   │   │           ├── config/        # 配置类
│   │   │           ├── controller/    # 控制器
│   │   │           ├── service/       # 服务层
│   │   │           └── model/         # 数据模型
│   │   └── resources/
│   │       ├── application.yml       # 应用配置
│   │       └── static/               # 静态资源
│   └── test/                         # 测试代码
├── pom.xml
└── Dockerfile                        # 容器化配置

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十、扩展阅读

• Spring WebClient官方文档
• Resilience4j熔断器配置
• StockTV API文档中心

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通过本指南，您已经掌握了使用Java对接StockTV金融数据API的核心技术。建议结合具体业务场景，在以下方向进行深度优化：

• 数据持久化：集成MySQL/Redis存储历史数据
• 实时计算：使用Flink进行流数据处理
• 可视化展示：结合Echarts实现数据大屏
• 自动化测试：使用Testcontainers进行集成测试