今天在适配家庭菜谱应用到HarmonyOS NEXT时,重点研究了HarmonyOS Design规范下的数据持久化方案。基于API12的@ohos.data.relationalStore关系型数据库模块,记录几个关键实现点:

  1. 数据库建模
    遵循HarmonyOS Design的"简洁高效"原则,设计了三张核心表:
    typescript
// 数据库Schema定义  
const SQL_CREATE_TABLE = `  
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS recipe (  
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,  
    name TEXT NOT NULL,  
    category TEXT CHECK(category IN ('中式','西式','日式')),  
    difficulty INTEGER DEFAULT 1  
)  
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ingredient (  
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,  
    recipe_id INTEGER,  
    name TEXT,  
    amount TEXT,  
    FOREIGN KEY (recipe_id) REFERENCES recipe(id) ON DELETE CASCADE  
)`; 
  1. 数据库初始化
    采用HarmonyOS推荐的异步事务处理:
    typescript
import relationalStore from '@ohos.data.relationalStore';  

let rdbStore: relationalStore.RdbStore;  
const STORE_CONFIG = {  
    name: "RecipeDB.db",  
    securityLevel: relationalStore.SecurityLevel.S1  
};  

async function initDB() {  
    try {  
        rdbStore = await relationalStore.getRdbStore(this.context, STORE_CONFIG);  
        await rdbStore.executeSql(SQL_CREATE_TABLE);  
        console.info('Database initialized');  
    } catch (err) {  
        console.error(`DB init failed: ${err.code}-${err.message}`);  
    }  
}
  1. 数据操作封装
    为符合HarmonyOS Design的流畅体验要求,对CRUD操作做了线程优化:
    typescript
// 插入菜谱示例  
async function insertRecipe(recipe: Recipe) {  
    const valueBucket = {  
        "name": recipe.name,  
        "category": recipe.category,  
        "difficulty": recipe.difficulty  
    };  
    try {  
        await rdbStore.insert("recipe", valueBucket);  
    } catch (err) {  
        console.error(`Insert failed: ${err.message}`);  
    }  
}  

// 查询带食材的完整菜谱  
async function getFullRecipe(recipeId: number) {  
    const predicates = new relationalStore.RdbPredicates("recipe");  
    predicates.equalTo("id", recipeId);  
    const recipe = await rdbStore.query(predicates, ["id","name"]);  

    const ingPredicates = new relationalStore.RdbPredicates("ingredient");  
    ingPredicates.equalTo("recipe_id", recipeId);  
    const ingredients = await rdbStore.query(ingPredicates);  

    return { ...recipe, ingredients };  
}

遇到的问题:
跨设备同步场景下需要结合DistributedDataKit扩展
大数据量分页查询时需注意Predicates的skip/limit设置

明天计划尝试用@ohos.data.preferences实现用户偏好存储,与主数据库配合使用。整个开发过程深刻感受到HarmonyOS Design在数据一致性方面的严谨要求。


bianchengyishu
1 声望0 粉丝