高级队列锁Lock与低级内存锁的区别

高级队列锁Lock与低级内存锁的区别

锁是数据库用来控制共享资源并发访问的机制，是用来保护和用户相关的资源，如：表、用户、会话等。
本文以Oracle中锁的种类和模式讲起，后用10704做实验观察不同sql语句下锁持有情况的不同，主要以TM锁为例。
小弟初学Oracle，如果错误还望多多包涵和留言指出

Oracle锁的种类
Oracle里锁分为三大类：
高级队列锁：TM，TX锁等等 视图V$LOCK
中级内存锁：Library cache lock

               Library cache pin（堆）
               Row cache lock；
               Buffer pin lock;

低级内存锁：Latch

               Mutex

高级队列锁Lock与低级内存锁的区别：
1.Lock的种类多，如TM，TX，TT等等；
2.Lock作用于数据库Object，Lacth只作用于SGA内存中；
3.Lock的释放需要等到事务结束，Latch是瞬间的占用和释放；
4.Lock存在死锁，Latch不存在死锁（因free lock机制）

低级内存锁与中级内存锁的区别，主要在于低级内存锁有lock free机制（无锁式编程）：即请求latch时，如果该latch不可用，进程会在CPU中等待小段时间（spin）然后重新请求latch。如果依然不可用，该进程会重复以上步骤去请求latch。重复的次数默认值为2000（mutex为500）。如果在重复次数内还是请求不到latch，进程会在v$session_wait中记录latch free等待事件，然后释放cpu，转入睡眠状态。当睡眠一定时间后，进程被唤醒并重复上面的过程，一直到成功获取latch。因此低级内存锁避免了死锁的存在。此外，中级内存锁往往执行多条记录才会释放，而低级内存锁执行几条就可能会释放

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