云计算-容器云-服务网格

服务网格：创建VirtualService（3分）
​ 将Bookinfo应用部署到default命名空间下，为Bookinfo应用创建一个名为reviews的VirtualService，要求来自名为Jason的用户的所有流量将被路由到reviews服务的v2版本。（需要用到的软件包：ServiceMesh.tar.gz）

# 上传解压
tar -xf ServiceMesh.tar.gz

# 导入镜像
docker load -i ServiceMesh/images/image.tar

# 初始化Kubernetes集群
init-cluster

# 查看集群状态
kubectl cluster-info

# 进入ServiceMesh目录
cd ServiceMesh/

# 执行bookinfo
kubectl apply -f bookinfo/bookinfo.yaml

# 查看pops状态
kubectl gcat bookinfo-gateway.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-gateway
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "*"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080
          
cat bookinfo-gateway.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-gateway
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "*"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080

# 使用Istio Gateway来实现外部访问
cat bookinfo-gateway.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-gateway
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "*"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
  - "*"
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        exact: /productpage
    - uri:
        prefix: /static
    - uri:
        exact: /login
    - uri:
        exact: /logout
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/v1/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        port:
          number: 9080

# 为应用程序定义Ingress网关
kubectl apply -f bookinfo-gateway.yaml

# 确认网关创建完成
kubectl get gateway

# 查看Ingress Gateway
kubectl get svc -n istio-system

可以看到Gateway 80端口对应的NodePort端口是22092，在浏览器上通过http://master_IP:22092/productpage访问Bookinfo应用

# 编写目标规则配置文件
cat destination-rule-all.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: productpage
spec:
  host: productpage
  subsets:
  - name: v1
    labels:
      version: v1
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  host: reviews
  subsets:
  - name: v1
    labels:
      version: v1
  - name: v2
    labels:
      version: v2
  - name: v3
    labels:
      version: v3
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: ratings
spec:
  host: ratings
  subsets:
  - name: v1
    labels:
      version: v1
  - name: v2
    labels:
      version: v2
  - name: v2-mysql
    labels:
      version: v2-mysql
  - name: v2-mysql-vm
    labels:
      version: v2-mysql-vm
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: details
spec:
  host: details
  subsets:
  - name: v1
    labels:
      version: v1
  - name: v2
    labels:
      version: v2
      
# 执行yaml
kubectl apply -f destination-rule-all.yaml

# 查询destinationrule
kubectl get destinationrule

# 重新部署productpage微服务，启用Istio
cat bookinfo/bookinfo.yaml | istioctl kube-inject -f - | kubectl apply -l app=productpage -f -

# 检查productpage的Pod并且查看每个副本的两个容器
kubectl get pods

在浏览器上登录Grafana（http://master_IP:33000）
依次点击左侧导航栏的“Dashboards” →“Manage”进入Dashboard管理界面
选择Istio Mesh Dashboard
切换到Istio Service Dashboard仪表盘，在Service中选择productpage

# 所有服务启用Istio
cat bookinfo/bookinfo.yaml | istioctl kube-inject -f - | kubectl apply -l app!=productpage -f -

# 查看应用程序Pod，现在每个Pod的两个容器
kubectl get pods

再次查看Istio Mesh Dashboard，会发现当前命名空间下所有服务都会出现在服务列表中
访问Kiali控住台（http://master_IP:20001）
通过可视化界面来查看应用程序的拓扑结构，点击“Graph”按钮，在Namespace下拉菜单中选择命名空间default，然后在Display下拉菜单中选中“Traffic Animation”和“Idle Nodes”复选框，就可以看到实时流量动画。
reviews微服务v1版本不会调用ratings服务，所以图中ratings服务无流量通过。

访问Prometheus控制台（http://master_IP:30090）
在Expression输入框中输入要查询的参数，然后点击Execute按钮即可在Console中查看查询结果。
查询请求时采用istio_requests_total指标，这是一个标准的Istio指标。
如查询命名空间的所有请求(istio_requests_total{destination_service_namespace=“default”, reporter=“destination”})
查询reviews微服务的请求(istio_requests_total{destination_service_namespace=“default”,reporter=“destination”,destination_service_name=“reviews”})

# 部署v2版本的reviews微服务并开启Istio
cat bookinfo/reviews-v2.yaml | istioctl kube-inject -f - | kubectl apply -f -
cat bookinfo/reviews-v3.yaml | istioctl kube-inject -f - | kubectl apply -f -

# 查看Pod
kubectl get pods

# 设置Kubernetes HPA来管理三个版本Deployment的副本
kubectl autoscale deployment reviews-v1 --cpu-percent=50 --min=1 --max=10
kubectl autoscale deployment reviews-v2 --cpu-percent=50 --min=1 --max=10
kubectl autoscale deployment reviews-v3 --cpu-percent=50 --min=1 --max=10

# 为微服务设置默认版本的Virtual Service
vi virtual-service-all-v1.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: productpage
spec:
  hosts:
  - productpage
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        subset: v1
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v1
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: ratings
spec:
  hosts:
  - ratings
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: ratings
        subset: v1
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: details
spec:
  hosts:
  - details
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: details
        subset: v1
       
# 可以通过应用Virtual Service规则将100%的流量路由reviews:v3
vi virtual-service-reviews-v3.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
    - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v3

# 执行yaml
kubectl apply -f virtual-service-reviews-v3.yaml

# 初始化默认路由规则，将所有流量路由到服务的v1版本
kubectl apply -f virtual-service-all-v1.yaml

# 改变reviews服务的流量规则，将v1版本的流量镜像到v2版本
vi virtual-service-mirroring.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
spec:
  hosts:
    - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v1
      weight: 100
    mirror:
        host: reviews
        subset: v2

# 执行
kubectl apply -f virtual-service-mirroring.yaml

登录Jaeger控制台（http://master_IP:30686）
从仪表盘左边面板的Service下拉列表中选择“productpage.default”，然后点击“Find Traces”，
点击位于最上面的最近一次追踪，查看对应最近一次访问/productpage的详细信息，
追踪信息由一组Span组成，每个Span对应一个Bookinfo Service。这些Service在执行/productpage请求时被调用，或是Istio内部组件。

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