基于HarmonyOS Next的教育类应用开发实战:使用AppGallery Connect构建智能学习平台
一、AppGallery Connect与教育应用开发概述
在当今数字化教育时代,移动应用已成为学习的重要工具。HarmonyOS Next作为华为推出的新一代操作系统,为教育类应用开发提供了强大的技术支持。AppGallery Connect作为华为的开发者服务平台,集成了多种服务能力,能够帮助开发者快速构建高质量的教育应用。
教育类应用通常需要具备以下核心功能:
- 用户账户管理与学习进度同步
- 课程内容管理与更新
- 学习数据统计与分析
- 互动功能如问答、测验等
- 多设备协同学习体验
本教程将带领开发者使用ArkTS语言,基于AppGallery Connect服务,构建一个完整的智能学习平台应用。我们将从基础架构开始,逐步实现核心功能模块。
二、开发环境准备与项目初始化
在开始编码前,我们需要完成开发环境的准备工作:
- 安装最新版DevEco Studio(建议4.0或以上版本)
- 注册华为开发者账号并完成实名认证
- 在AppGallery Connect中创建新项目并启用所需服务
项目初始化代码
// 项目入口文件:entry/src/main/ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ts
import Ability from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
import window from '@ohos.window';
export default class EntryAbility extends Ability {
onCreate(want, launchParam) {
console.info('EntryAbility onCreate');
// 初始化AppGallery Connect服务
this.initAGC();
}
private async initAGC() {
try {
// 引入AGC核心模块
const agconnect = await import('@hw-agconnect/core-ohos');
// 使用项目配置初始化AGC
agconnect.default.instance().init(this.context);
console.info('AGC初始化成功');
} catch (error) {
console.error('AGC初始化失败:', error);
}
}
onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage) {
// 设置主页面
windowStage.loadContent('pages/Index', (err) => {
if (err) {
console.error('加载页面失败:', err);
}
});
}
}
三、用户认证与学习数据同步
教育应用通常需要用户系统来保存学习进度和个人数据。AppGallery Connect提供了完善的认证服务和云数据库功能。
1. 用户认证模块实现
// src/main/ets/model/UserModel.ts
import { agconnect } from '@hw-agconnect/core-ohos';
import { AGCAuth, AGConnectUser } from '@hw-agconnect/auth-ohos';
export class UserModel {
// 获取当前用户
static getCurrentUser(): Promise<AGConnectUser | null> {
return AGCAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser();
}
// 匿名登录
static async anonymousLogin(): Promise<AGConnectUser> {
try {
const user = await AGCAuth.getInstance().signInAnonymously();
console.info('匿名登录成功:', user.getUid());
return user;
} catch (error) {
console.error('匿名登录失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// 邮箱注册
static async registerWithEmail(email: string, password: string): Promise<AGConnectUser> {
try {
const user = await AGCAuth.getInstance().createEmailUser(email, password);
console.info('邮箱注册成功:', user.getUid());
return user;
} catch (error) {
console.error('邮箱注册失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// 邮箱登录
static async loginWithEmail(email: string, password: string): Promise<AGConnectUser> {
try {
const user = await AGCAuth.getInstance().signInWithEmailAndPassword(email, password);
console.info('邮箱登录成功:', user.getUid());
return user;
} catch (error) {
console.error('邮箱登录失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
}
2. 学习进度同步功能
// src/main/ets/model/ProgressModel.ts
import { agconnect } from '@hw-agconnect/core-ohos';
import { AGCCloudDB, CloudDBZone, CloudDBZoneConfig, CloudDBZoneQuery } from '@hw-agconnect/clouddb-ohos';
import { UserModel } from './UserModel';
// 定义学习进度数据结构
interface LearningProgress {
id: string; // 文档ID
userId: string; // 用户ID
courseId: string; // 课程ID
progress: number; // 学习进度0-100
lastUpdate: number; // 最后更新时间戳
notes?: string; // 学习笔记
}
export class ProgressModel {
private cloudDBZone: CloudDBZone | null = null;
// 初始化云数据库
async initCloudDB(): Promise<void> {
try {
const agcCloudDB = AGCCloudDB.getInstance();
const cloudDBZoneConfig = new CloudDBZoneConfig('LearningDB', CloudDBZoneConfig.CloudDBZoneSyncProperty.CLOUDDBZONE_CLOUD_CACHE);
this.cloudDBZone = await agcCloudDB.openCloudDBZone(cloudDBZoneConfig);
console.info('云数据库初始化成功');
} catch (error) {
console.error('云数据库初始化失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// 保存学习进度
async saveProgress(courseId: string, progress: number, notes?: string): Promise<void> {
if (!this.cloudDBZone) {
await this.initCloudDB();
}
const user = await UserModel.getCurrentUser();
if (!user) {
throw new Error('用户未登录');
}
const progressData: LearningProgress = {
id: `${user.getUid()}_${courseId}`,
userId: user.getUid(),
courseId,
progress,
lastUpdate: new Date().getTime(),
notes
};
try {
await this.cloudDBZone!.executeUpsert(progressData);
console.info('学习进度保存成功');
} catch (error) {
console.error('学习进度保存失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// 获取学习进度
async getProgress(courseId: string): Promise<LearningProgress | null> {
if (!this.cloudDBZone) {
await this.initCloudDB();
}
const user = await UserModel.getCurrentUser();
if (!user) {
throw new Error('用户未登录');
}
try {
const query = CloudDBZoneQuery.where(LearningProgress).equalTo('id', `${user.getUid()}_${courseId}`);
const result = await this.cloudDBZone!.executeQuery(query);
return result.length > 0 ? result[0] : null;
} catch (error) {
console.error('获取学习进度失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
}
四、课程内容管理模块
教育应用的核心是课程内容的管理与展示。我们可以使用AppGallery Connect的云存储和云函数服务来实现动态课程更新。
1. 课程数据结构定义
// src/main/ets/model/CourseModel.ts
import { agconnect } from '@hw-agconnect/core-ohos';
import { AGCCloudDB, CloudDBZone, CloudDBZoneConfig, CloudDBZoneQuery } from '@hw-agconnect/clouddb-ohos';
import { AGCCloudStorage, UploadTask, DownloadTask } from '@hw-agconnect/storage-ohos';
// 课程数据结构
interface Course {
id: string; // 课程ID
title: string; // 课程标题
description: string; // 课程描述
coverUrl: string; // 封面图URL
category: string; // 课程分类
duration: number; // 课程时长(分钟)
difficulty: number; // 难度等级1-5
createTime: number; // 创建时间戳
updateTime: number; // 更新时间戳
isFree: boolean; // 是否免费
}
// 课程章节结构
interface Chapter {
id: string; // 章节ID
courseId: string; // 所属课程ID
title: string; // 章节标题
order: number; // 章节顺序
videoUrl?: string; // 视频URL
content?: string; // 章节内容(HTML格式)
duration: number; // 章节时长(分钟)
}
export class CourseModel {
private cloudDBZone: CloudDBZone | null = null;
private storage = AGCCloudStorage.getInstance();
// 初始化云数据库
async initCloudDB(): Promise<void> {
if (this.cloudDBZone) return;
try {
const agcCloudDB = AGCCloudDB.getInstance();
const cloudDBZoneConfig = new CloudDBZoneConfig('LearningDB', CloudDBZoneConfig.CloudDBZoneSyncProperty.CLOUDDBZONE_CLOUD_CACHE);
this.cloudDBZone = await agcCloudDB.openCloudDBZone(cloudDBZoneConfig);
console.info('云数据库初始化成功');
} catch (error) {
console.error('云数据库初始化失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// 获取课程列表
async getCourseList(category?: string): Promise<Course[]> {
if (!this.cloudDBZone) {
await this.initCloudDB();
}
try {
let query = CloudDBZoneQuery.where(Course);
if (category) {
query = query.equalTo('category', category);
}
query = query.orderByDesc('updateTime');
return await this.cloudDBZone!.executeQuery(query);
} catch (error) {
console.error('获取课程列表失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// 获取课程详情
async getCourseDetail(courseId: string): Promise<{course: Course, chapters: Chapter[]}> {
if (!this.cloudDBZone) {
await this.initCloudDB();
}
try {
// 查询课程信息
const courseQuery = CloudDBZoneQuery.where(Course).equalTo('id', courseId);
const courseResult = await this.cloudDBZone!.executeQuery(courseQuery);
if (courseResult.length === 0) {
throw new Error('课程不存在');
}
// 查询章节信息
const chapterQuery = CloudDBZoneQuery.where(Chapter)
.equalTo('courseId', courseId)
.orderByAsc('order');
const chapters = await this.cloudDBZone!.executeQuery(chapterQuery);
return {
course: courseResult[0],
chapters
};
} catch (error) {
console.error('获取课程详情失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// 上传课程封面图
async uploadCourseCover(fileUri: string): Promise<string> {
try {
// 生成唯一文件名
const timestamp = new Date().getTime();
const fileName = `course_covers/${timestamp}.jpg`;
// 创建上传任务
const uploadTask: UploadTask = this.storage.uploadFile({
path: fileName,
fileUri: fileUri
});
// 等待上传完成
await uploadTask;
// 获取下载URL
const downloadUrl = await this.storage.getDownloadUrl({ path: fileName });
return downloadUrl;
} catch (error) {
console.error('上传课程封面失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
}
2. 课程展示UI实现
// src/main/ets/pages/CourseListPage.ets
@Component
struct CourseListPage {
@State courseList: Course[] = [];
@State isLoading: boolean = true;
@State selectedCategory: string = 'all';
private courseModel = new CourseModel();
aboutToAppear() {
this.loadCourses();
}
private async loadCourses() {
this.isLoading = true;
try {
const category = this.selectedCategory === 'all' ? undefined : this.selectedCategory;
this.courseList = await this.courseModel.getCourseList(category);
} catch (error) {
console.error('加载课程失败:', error);
// 这里可以添加错误提示UI
} finally {
this.isLoading = false;
}
}
build() {
Column() {
// 分类筛选
Segmented({ barPosition: BarPosition.Start }) {
ForEach(['all', 'programming', 'language', 'math', 'science'], (item: string) => {
Segment(item.toUpperCase())
.fontSize(14)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)
})
}
.margin(10)
.onChange((index: number) => {
this.selectedCategory = ['all', 'programming', 'language', 'math', 'science'][index];
this.loadCourses();
})
// 课程列表
if (this.isLoading) {
LoadingProgress()
.width(50)
.height(50)
} else {
Grid() {
ForEach(this.courseList, (course: Course) => {
GridItem() {
CourseCard({ course: course })
}
}, (course: Course) => course.id)
}
.columnsTemplate('1fr 1fr')
.columnsGap(10)
.rowsGap(10)
.padding(10)
}
}
.width('100%')
.height('100%')
.backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
}
}
@Component
struct CourseCard {
private course: Course;
build() {
Column() {
// 课程封面
Image(this.course.coverUrl)
.width('100%')
.aspectRatio(1.5)
.objectFit(ImageFit.Cover)
.borderRadius(8)
// 课程标题
Text(this.course.title)
.fontSize(16)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)
.margin({ top: 8, bottom: 4 })
.maxLines(1)
.textOverflow({ overflow: TextOverflow.Ellipsis })
// 课程描述
Text(this.course.description)
.fontSize(12)
.maxLines(2)
.textOverflow({ overflow: TextOverflow.Ellipsis })
.margin({ bottom: 8 })
// 难度和时长
Row() {
// 难度星级
ForEach(Array.from({ length: this.course.difficulty }), (_, index) => {
Image($r('app.media.star_filled'))
.width(12)
.height(12)
.margin({ right: 2 })
})
// 时长
Text(`${this.course.duration}分钟`)
.fontSize(12)
.margin({ left: 8 })
}
}
.padding(10)
.backgroundColor(Color.White)
.borderRadius(8)
.shadow({ radius: 4, color: '#00000020', offsetX: 0, offsetY: 2 })
}
}
五、学习互动与测验功能
教育应用的互动性对学习效果至关重要。下面我们实现一个测验模块,包含题目管理和答题功能。
1. 测验数据结构与模型
// src/main/ets/model/QuizModel.ts
import { agconnect } from '@hw-agconnect/core-ohos';
import { AGCCloudDB, CloudDBZone, CloudDBZoneConfig, CloudDBZoneQuery } from '@hw-agconnect/clouddb-ohos';
import { UserModel } from './UserModel';
// 测验题目结构
interface QuizQuestion {
id: string; // 题目ID
courseId: string; // 所属课程ID
chapterId?: string; // 所属章节ID(可选)
questionType: 'single' | 'multiple' | 'true_false' | 'fill_blank'; // 题目类型
questionText: string; // 题目文本
options?: string[]; // 选项(选择题使用)
correctAnswers: string[]; // 正确答案
explanation?: string; // 答案解析
difficulty: number; // 难度1-5
createTime: number; // 创建时间
}
// 用户答题记录
interface UserQuizRecord {
id: string; // 记录ID
userId: string; // 用户ID
questionId: string; // 题目ID
userAnswers: string[]; // 用户答案
isCorrect: boolean; // 是否正确
answerTime: number; // 答题时间
}
export class QuizModel {
private cloudDBZone: CloudDBZone | null = null;
async initCloudDB(): Promise<void> {
if (this.cloudDBZone) return;
try {
const agcCloudDB = AGCCloudDB.getInstance();
const cloudDBZoneConfig = new CloudDBZoneConfig('LearningDB', CloudDBZoneConfig.CloudDBZoneSyncProperty.CLOUDDBZONE_CLOUD_CACHE);
this.cloudDBZone = await agcCloudDB.openCloudDBZone(cloudDBZoneConfig);
console.info('云数据库初始化成功');
} catch (error) {
console.error('云数据库初始化失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// 获取课程测验题目
async getQuizQuestions(courseId: string, chapterId?: string): Promise<QuizQuestion[]> {
if (!this.cloudDBZone) {
await this.initCloudDB();
}
try {
let query = CloudDBZoneQuery.where(QuizQuestion)
.equalTo('courseId', courseId)
.orderByAsc('createTime');
if (chapterId) {
query = query.equalTo('chapterId', chapterId);
}
return await this.cloudDBZone!.executeQuery(query);
} catch (error) {
console.error('获取测验题目失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// 提交用户答案
async submitAnswer(questionId: string, userAnswers: string[]): Promise<boolean> {
if (!this.cloudDBZone) {
await this.initCloudDB();
}
const user = await UserModel.getCurrentUser();
if (!user) {
throw new Error('用户未登录');
}
try {
// 先获取题目信息
const questionQuery = CloudDBZoneQuery.where(QuizQuestion).equalTo('id', questionId);
const questions = await this.cloudDBZone!.executeQuery(questionQuery);
if (questions.length === 0) {
throw new Error('题目不存在');
}
const question = questions[0];
// 判断答案是否正确
const isCorrect = JSON.stringify(userAnswers.sort()) === JSON.stringify(question.correctAnswers.sort());
// 保存答题记录
const record: UserQuizRecord = {
id: `${user.getUid()}_${questionId}_${new Date().getTime()}`,
userId: user.getUid(),
questionId,
userAnswers,
isCorrect,
answerTime: new Date().getTime()
};
await this.cloudDBZone!.executeUpsert(record);
console.info('答题记录保存成功');
return isCorrect;
} catch (error) {
console.error('提交答案失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
// 获取用户答题统计
async getUserQuizStats(courseId: string): Promise<{total: number, correct: number}> {
if (!this.cloudDBZone) {
await this.initCloudDB();
}
const user = await UserModel.getCurrentUser();
if (!user) {
throw new Error('用户未登录');
}
try {
// 获取课程所有题目ID
const questionQuery = CloudDBZoneQuery.where(QuizQuestion).equalTo('courseId', courseId);
const questions = await this.cloudDBZone!.executeQuery(questionQuery);
const questionIds = questions.map(q => q.id);
if (questionIds.length === 0) {
return { total: 0, correct: 0 };
}
// 查询用户答题记录
const recordQuery = CloudDBZoneQuery.where(UserQuizRecord)
.equalTo('userId', user.getUid())
.in('questionId', questionIds);
const records = await this.cloudDBZone!.executeQuery(recordQuery);
// 统计正确率
const correctCount = records.filter(r => r.isCorrect).length;
return {
total: records.length,
correct: correctCount
};
} catch (error) {
console.error('获取答题统计失败:', error);
throw error;
}
}
}
2. 测验UI实现
// src/main/ets/pages/QuizPage.ets
@Component
struct QuizPage {
@State questions: QuizQuestion[] = [];
@State currentIndex: number = 0;
@State selectedAnswers: string[] = [];
@State showResult: boolean = false;
@State isCorrect: boolean = false;
@State isLoading: boolean = true;
private courseId: string;
private quizModel = new QuizModel();
aboutToAppear() {
this.loadQuestions();
}
private async loadQuestions() {
this.isLoading = true;
try {
this.questions = await this.quizModel.getQuizQuestions(this.courseId);
this.isLoading = false;
} catch (error) {
console.error('加载题目失败:', error);
this.isLoading = false;
// 可以添加错误提示
}
}
private async submitAnswer() {
if (this.selectedAnswers.length === 0) {
// 提示用户选择答案
return;
}
try {
const currentQuestion = this.questions[this.currentIndex];
this.isCorrect = await this.quizModel.submitAnswer(currentQuestion.id, this.selectedAnswers);
this.showResult = true;
} catch (error) {
console.error('提交答案失败:', error);
// 可以添加错误提示
}
}
private nextQuestion() {
this.showResult = false;
this.selectedAnswers = [];
if (this.currentIndex < this.questions.length - 1) {
this.currentIndex++;
} else {
// 测验完成,可以跳转到结果页面
// 或显示总结信息
}
}
build() {
Column() {
if (this.isLoading) {
LoadingProgress()
.width(50)
.height(50)
} else if (this.questions.length === 0) {
Text('暂无测验题目')
.fontSize(16)
} else {
// 题目进度
Text(`题目 ${this.currentIndex + 1}/${this.questions.length}`)
.fontSize(14)
.margin({ top: 10, bottom: 5 })
// 题目内容
Scroll() {
Column() {
// 题目文本
Text(this.questions[this.currentIndex].questionText)
.fontSize(18)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)
.margin({ bottom: 20 })
// 根据题目类型显示不同答题UI
if (this.questions[this.currentIndex].questionType === 'single' ||
this.questions[this.currentIndex].questionType === 'multiple') {
// 单选题或多选题
ForEach(this.questions[this.currentIndex].options, (option: string, index: number) => {
Button(option)
.width('90%')
.margin({ bottom: 10 })
.stateEffect(!this.showResult)
.backgroundColor(
this.showResult && this.questions[this.currentIndex].correctAnswers.includes(index.toString())
? '#4CAF50'
: this.showResult && this.selectedAnswers.includes(index.toString()) && !this.isCorrect
? '#F44336'
: this.selectedAnswers.includes(index.toString())
? '#2196F3'
: '#FFFFFF'
)
.onClick(() => {
if (this.showResult) return;
const answer = index.toString();
if (this.questions[this.currentIndex].questionType === 'single') {
this.selectedAnswers = [answer];
} else {
if (this.selectedAnswers.includes(answer)) {
this.selectedAnswers = this.selectedAnswers.filter(a => a !== answer);
} else {
this.selectedAnswers = [...this.selectedAnswers, answer];
}
}
})
})
} else if (this.questions[this.currentIndex].questionType === 'true_false') {
// 判断题
Row() {
Button('正确')
.width('40%')
.backgroundColor(
this.showResult && this.questions[this.currentIndex].correctAnswers.includes('true')
? '#4CAF50'
: this.showResult && this.selectedAnswers.includes('true') && !this.isCorrect
? '#F44336'
: this.selectedAnswers.includes('true')
? '#2196F3'
: '#FFFFFF'
)
.onClick(() => {
if (!this.showResult) this.selectedAnswers = ['true'];
})
Button('错误')
.width('40%')
.margin({ left: 20 })
.backgroundColor(
this.showResult && this.questions[this.currentIndex].correctAnswers.includes('false')
? '#4CAF50'
: this.showResult && this.selectedAnswers.includes('false') && !this.isCorrect
? '#F44336'
: this.selectedAnswers.includes('false')
? '#2196F3'
: '#FFFFFF'
)
.onClick(() => {
if (!this.showResult) this.selectedAnswers = ['false'];
})
}
.width('100%')
.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
} else {
// 填空题
TextInput({ placeholder: '请输入答案' })
.width('90%')
.height(100)
.margin({ bottom: 20 })
.onChange((value: string) => {
this.selectedAnswers = [value];
})
}
// 答案解析
if (this.showResult && this.questions[this.currentIndex].explanation) {
Text('解析: ' + this.questions[this.currentIndex].explanation)
.fontSize(14)
.margin({ top: 20, bottom: 10 })
.fontColor('#666666')
}
}
.padding(20)
}
.height('70%')
// 提交/下一题按钮
Button(this.showResult ? '下一题' : '提交答案')
.width('80%')
.height(50)
.margin({ top: 20 })
.onClick(() => {
if (this.showResult) {
this.nextQuestion();
} else {
this.submitAnswer();
}
})
}
}
.width('100%')
.height('100%')
}
}
六、学习数据分析与可视化
教育应用的学习数据分析功能可以帮助用户了解自己的学习情况。我们可以使用AppGallery Connect的分析服务来实现这一功能。
1. 学习数据统计实现
// src/main/ets/model/AnalyticsModel.ts
import { agconnect } from '@hw-agconnect/core-ohos';
import { AGCAnalytics } from '@hw-agconnect/analytics-ohos';
import { UserModel } from './UserModel';
export class AnalyticsModel {
// 记录学习行为
static async logLearningEvent(courseId: string, chapterId: string, duration: number): Promise<void> {
try {
const user = await UserModel.getCurrentUser();
const userId = user ? user.getUid() : 'anonymous';
AGCAnalytics.getInstance().logEvent('learning_event', {
user_id: userId,
course_id: courseId,
chapter_id: chapterId,
duration: duration
});
console.info('学习行为记录成功');
} catch (error) {
console.error('学习行为记录失败:', error);
}
}
// 获取用户学习统计数据
static async getUserLearningStats(userId: string): Promise<{
totalLearningTime: number,
courseProgress: Record<string, number>,
dailyLearning: Record<string, number>
}> {
// 注意: 实际应用中需要通过云函数获取分析数据
// 这里为简化示例返回模拟数据
return {
totalLearningTime: 1250, // 分钟
courseProgress: {
'course_1': 65,
'course_2': 30,
'course_3': 90
},
dailyLearning: {
'2023-11-01': 45,
'2023-11-02': 60,
'2023-11-03': 30,
'2023-11-04': 90,
'2023-11-05': 45
}
};
}
}
2. 学习数据可视化UI
// src/main/ets/pages/AnalyticsPage.ets
@Component
struct AnalyticsPage {
@State learningStats: {
totalLearningTime: number,
courseProgress: Record<string, number>,
dailyLearning: Record<string, number>
} | null = null;
@State isLoading: boolean = true;
private analyticsModel = new AnalyticsModel();
aboutToAppear() {
this.loadLearningStats();
}
private async loadLearningStats() {
this.isLoading = true;
try {
const user = await UserModel.getCurrentUser();
if (!user) {
throw new Error('用户未登录');
}
this.learningStats = await AnalyticsModel.getUserLearningStats(user.getUid());
this.isLoading = false;
} catch (error) {
console.error('获取学习数据失败:', error);
this.isLoading = false;
}
}
build() {
Column() {
if (this.isLoading) {
LoadingProgress()
.width(50)
.height(50)
} else if (!this.learningStats) {
Text('无法获取学习数据')
.fontSize(16)
} else {
// 总学习时间
Row() {
Text('总学习时间:')
.fontSize(16)
Text(`${Math.floor(this.learningStats.totalLearningTime / 60)}小时${this.learningStats.totalLearningTime % 60}分钟`)
.fontSize(16)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
.margin({ left: 10 })
}
.margin({ top: 20, bottom: 20 })
// 课程进度图表
Text('课程进度')
.fontSize(18)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)
.margin({ bottom: 10 })
ForEach(Object.entries(this.learningStats.courseProgress), ([courseId, progress]) => {
Column() {
Row() {
Text(`课程 ${courseId.split('_')[1]}`)
.width('20%')
.fontSize(14)
Progress({
value: progress,
total: 100,
type: ProgressType.Linear
})
.width('70%')
.height(20)
.margin({ left: 10 })
Text(`${progress}%`)
.fontSize(14)
.margin({ left: 10 })
}
.margin({ bottom: 5 })
}
})
// 每日学习时间图表
Text('最近学习情况')
.fontSize(18)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)
.margin({ top: 20, bottom: 10 })
Row() {
ForEach(Object.entries(this.learningStats.dailyLearning), ([date, minutes]) => {
Column() {
// 柱状图
Column() {
Blank()
}
.width(30)
.height(minutes)
.backgroundColor('#2196F3')
.borderRadius(4)
// 日期
Text(date.split('-')[2])
.fontSize(12)
.margin({ top: 5 })
}
.margin({ right: 5 })
.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Center)
})
}
.height(150)
.margin({ top: 10 })
.justifyContent(FlexAlign.End)
.alignItems(VerticalAlign.Bottom)
}
}
.width('100%')
.height('100%')
.padding(20)
}
}
七、应用发布与持续集成
完成开发后,我们需要将应用发布到AppGallery。AppGallery Connect提供了完善的发布和持续集成能力。
1. 应用签名配置
在build-profile.json5
中添加签名配置:
{
"app": {
"signingConfigs": [
{
"name": "release",
"material": {
"certpath": "signing/your_certificate.pem",
"storePassword": "your_store_password",
"keyAlias": "your_key_alias",
"keyPassword": "your_key_password",
"profile": "signing/your_profile.p7b",
"signAlg": "SHA256withECDSA",
"storeFile": "signing/your_keystore.jks"
}
}
],
"buildType": "release"
}
}
2. 持续集成配置
在项目根目录创建.github/workflows/build.yml
文件:
name: HarmonyOS CI
on:
push:
branches: [ main ]
pull_request:
branches: [ main ]
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Set up JDK
uses: actions/setup-java@v1
with:
java-version: '11'
- name: Build with Gradle
run: ./gradlew assembleRelease
- name: Upload to AppGallery Connect
uses: Huawei/huawei-appgallery-connect-action@v1.0
with:
clientId: ${{ secrets.AGC_CLIENT_ID }}
clientSecret: ${{ secrets.AGC_CLIENT_SECRET }}
appId: ${{ secrets.AGC_APP_ID }}
filePath: build/outputs/hap/release/your-app-release.hap
phaseId: ${{ secrets.AGC_PHASE_ID }}
八、总结与进阶方向
通过本教程,我们完成了一个基于HarmonyOS Next和AppGallery Connect的完整教育类应用开发。我们实现了:
- 用户认证与数据同步
- 课程内容管理与展示
- 学习进度跟踪
- 互动测验功能
- 学习数据分析与可视化
进阶开发方向
- 多设备协同学习:利用HarmonyOS的分布式能力,实现手机、平板、智慧屏等多设备间的学习进度同步和协同学习体验。
- AI个性化推荐:集成华为机器学习服务,根据用户学习行为和能力水平,智能推荐适合的学习内容和路径。
- 实时互动课堂:使用实时音视频服务,构建在线直播课堂功能,支持师生实时互动。
- 离线学习支持:增强应用的离线能力,允许用户下载课程内容在无网络环境下学习。
- 学习社区功能:增加社交元素,构建学习社区,支持用户间交流讨论。
HarmonyOS Next与AppGallery Connect的结合为教育应用开发提供了强大的基础设施和服务支持,开发者可以专注于创新教育体验的实现,快速构建高质量的教育类应用。
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