在 CentOS 5.8 上安装 Graphite

标签（空格分隔）：监控 monitor CentOS 5.8 Graphite

首先说一句，在 CentOS 5.8 上安装真的很坑爹。。。

基础环境

操作系统内核

uname -a

Linux cloud-test-slave-001 2.6.18-308.el5 #1 SMP Tue Feb 21 20:06:06 EST 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

操作系统版本

[root@cloud-test-slave-001 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS release 5.8 (Final)

Python 版本

[root@cloud-test-slave-001 ~]# python  --version
Python 2.7

必备软件

按照 Graphite 官方文档的要求，需要如下软件：

python2.4 或者更高版本（必选）【建议 2.6 或 2.7 版本】
pycairo (需要 PNG 包支持，即 libpng)（必选）
mod_python（必选）
django（必选，需要 django 1.4 版本，为什么必须 django 1.4 在后面会说明）
python-ldap (可选 - needed for ldap-based webapp authentication)
python-memcached (可选 - needed for webapp caching, big performance boost)
python-sqlite2 (可选 - a django-supported database module is required)
bitmap and bitmap-fonts required on some systems, 尤其是在 Red Hat 系统上

下面是我目前安装的一些涉及到的软件的版本（可能有多余的，是因为我在虚拟环境安装，没有安装好，只好混装，所以拉出来的有点多）

执行命令 pip freeze 拉出如下清单：

Django==1.4
Dozer==0.4
Jinja2==2.7.3
MarkupSafe==0.23
PyYAML==3.10
SQLAlchemy==0.9.7
Twisted==14.0.2
WebOb==1.4
Werkzeug==0.9.6
alembic==0.6.5
configobj==5.0.6
croniter==0.3.3
cssselect==0.9.1
daemonize==2.3.1
dagobah==0.2.3
distribute==0.6.49
django-filter==0.7
django-tagging==0.3.1
lxml==3.3.5
micawber==0.3.0
paramiko==1.11.0
peewee==2.2.5
premailer==1.13
pycrypto==2.6.1
pysqlite==2.6.3
python-dateutil==2.2
python-memcached==1.53
txAMQP==0.6.2
uWSGI==2.0.7
virtualenv==1.11.6
whisper==0.9.12
wsgiref==0.1.2
zope.interface==4.1.1

开始安装

安装 yum EPEL 源

wget "http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm"
rpm -Uvh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

安装依赖包

yum install gcc bitmap bitmap-fonts zope

yum install openldap openldap24-libs openldap-clients openldap-devel openssl-devel

pip install pyOpenSSL python-memcached pycrypto  python-ldap  pysqlite uwsgi nginx

注：因为我这个目前是测试，所以 nginx 就直接 yum 安装了，版本比较低，只有 0.8，如果是生产，建议源码安装最新的稳定版本。

pip install django==1.4

安装 django-tagging ，默认的 pip install tagging 的这个不行，版本是 0.2.1 ，会报错。

pip install django-tagging==0.3.1 或 pip install tagging==0.3.1

如果上面这个方法无法安装 django-tagging=0.3.1 那就用源码安装的方法。

wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/django-tagging/django-tagging-0.3.1.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
tar -zxvf django-tagging-0.3.1.tar.gz 
cd django-tagging-0.3.1
python setup.py install

安装 pycairo

开始好几次就死在安装 pycairo 这个上面，python 2.7 版本的通过 pip install pycairo 命令安装的不行，对应 python 2.7 版本的 pycairo 包的名字叫做 py2cairo。

安装 py2cairo 包的方法如下：

1）下载 py2cairo 包:
```
wget http://www.cairographics.org/releases/py2cairo-1.10.0.tar.bz2
tar -xvf py2cairo-1.10.0.tar.bz2
```
如果上面的版本不行就用下面的方式获取源码包：
```
 git clone git://git.cairographics.org/git/py2cairo
```
要安装 py2cairo 必须要 cairo 包，而且这个包的版本有规定，我这边下载的是 cairo-1.12.2。
```
wget http://cairographics.org/releases/cairo-1.12.2.tar.xz
```
cairo 依赖 libpng 和 pixman，所以需要安装这两个
```
yum -y install libpng*  pixman*
```
注，有可能这样安装的 pixman 的版本不对，需要需要源码安装

源码安装 pixman：
```
wget http://cairographics.org/releases/pixman-0.22.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pixman-0.22.0.tar.gz
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
```
注：这里 pixman 的安装必需要加个 prefix=/usr/local，不然的话，cairo 会找不到再次表示蛋疼。

安装 cairo 的正确姿势：
```
tar -zxvf cairo-1.12.2.tar.xz
cd cairo-1.12.2
./configure
make && make install
```
安装 py2cairo 的正确姿势：

安装的时候需要明确下 pkgconfig 的位置和 Python 的包路径：
```
cd py2cairo
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
PYTHONPATH="/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/:$PYTHONPATH"
LDFLAGS="-lm -ldl -lutil" ./waf configure --prefix=/usr/local
./waf build
./waf install
```
经历九九八十一难，终于安装完成。

注：真的是最麻烦的就是 py2cairo 这个家伙，开始折腾了我一天没有安装好，没有安装好就无法出图。。。

安装 Graphite 三大件

pip install whisper carbon graphite-web

安装数据采集工具 Diamond

git clone https://github.com/BrightcoveOS/Diamond
cd Diamond

修改 Diamond 的配置文件：

cd Diamond
cp conf/diamond.conf.example conf/diamond.conf

diamond.conf 配置文件如下：

#
#Diamond Configuration File
### Options for the server
[server]
# Handlers for published metrics.
handlers = diamond.handler.graphite.GraphiteHandler, diamond.handler.archive.ArchiveHandler
# User diamond will run as
# Leave empty to use the current user
user =
# Group diamond will run as
# Leave empty to use the current group
group =
# Pid file
pid_file = /var/run/diamond.pid
# Directory to load collector modules from
# 这个和你的 Diamond 安装路径有关
collectors_path = /root/Diamond/src/collectors/
# Directory to load collector configs from
# 这个和你的 Diamond 安装路径有关
collectors_config_path = /root/Diamond/src/collectors/
# Directory to load handler configs from
# 这个和你的 Diamond 安装路径有关
handlers_config_path = /root/Diamond/src/diamond/handler
handlers_path = /root/Diamond/src/diamond/handler
# Interval to reload collectors
collectors_reload_interval = 3600
### Options for handlers
[handlers]
# daemon logging handler(s)
keys = rotated_file
### Defaults options for all Handlers
[[default]]
[[ArchiveHandler]]
# File to write archive log files
#需要创建 /var/log/diamond/ 目录
log_file = /var/log/diamond/archive.log
# Number of days to keep archive log files
days = 7
[[GraphiteHandler]]
### Options for GraphiteHandler
# Graphite server host
host = 127.0.0.1
# Port to send metrics to
port = 2003
# Socket timeout (seconds)
timeout = 15
# Batch size for metrics
batch = 1
[[GraphitePickleHandler]]
## Options for GraphitePickleHandler
# Graphite server host
host = 127.0.0.1
# Port to send metrics to
port = 2004
# Socket timeout (seconds)
timeout = 15
# Batch size for pickled metrics
batch = 256
[[MySQLHandler]]
### Options for MySQLHandler
# MySQL Connection Info
hostname    = 127.0.0.1
port        = 3306
username    = root
password    =
database    = diamond
table       = metrics
# INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
col_time    = timestamp
# VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
col_metric  = metric
# VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
col_value   = value
[[StatsdHandler]]
host = 127.0.0.1
port = 8125
[[TSDBHandler]]
host = 127.0.0.1
port = 4242
timeout = 15
[[LibratoHandler]]
user = user@example.com
apikey = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz01
[[HostedGraphiteHandler]]
apikey = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz01
timeout = 15
batch = 1
# And any other config settings from GraphiteHandler are valid here
[[HttpPostHandler]]
### Urp to post the metrics
url = http://localhost:8888/
### Metrics batch size
batch = 100
### Options for collectors
[collectors]
[[default]]
### Defaults options for all Collectors
# Uncomment and set to hardcode a hostname for the collector path
# Keep in mind, periods are seperators in graphite
# hostname = my_custom_hostname
# If you prefer to just use a different way of calculating the hostname
# Uncomment and set this to one of these values:
# smart             = Default. Tries fqdn_short. If that's
localhost, uses hostname_short
# fqdn_short        = Default. Similar to hostname -s
# fqdn              = hostname output
# fqdn_rev          = hostname in reverse (com.example.www)
# uname_short       = Similar to uname -n, but only the first part
# uname_rev         = uname -r in reverse (com.example.www)
# hostname_short    = `hostname -s`
# hostname          = `hostname`
# hostname_rev      = `hostname` in reverse (com.example.www)
# shell             = Run the string set in hostname as a shell command and use its
#                     output(with spaces trimmed off from both ends) as the hostname.
# hostname_method = smart
# Path Prefix and Suffix
# you can use one or both to craft the path where you want to put metrics
# such as: %(path_prefix)s.$(hostname)s.$(path_suffix)s.$(metric)s
# path_prefix = servers
# path_suffix =
# Path Prefix for Virtual Machines
# If the host supports virtual machines, collectors may report per
# VM metrics. Following OpenStack nomenclature, the prefix for
# reporting per VM metrics is "instances", and metric foo for VM
# bar will be reported as: instances.bar.foo...
# instance_prefix = instances
# Default Poll Interval (seconds)
# interval = 300
### Options for logging
# for more information on file format syntax:
# http://docs.python.org/library/logging.config.html#configuration-file-format
[loggers]
keys = root
# handlers are higher in this config file, in:
# [handlers]
# keys = ...
[formatters]
keys = default
[logger_root]
# to increase verbosity, set DEBUG
level = INFO
handlers = rotated_file
propagate = 1
[handler_rotated_file]
class = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
level = DEBUG
formatter = default
# rotate at midnight, each day and keep 7 days
args = ('/var/log/diamond/diamond.log', 'midnight', 1, 7)
[formatter_default]
format = [%(asctime)s] [%(threadName)s] %(message)s
datefmt =
### Options for config merging
# [configs]
# path = "/etc/diamond/configs/"
# extension = ".conf"
#Example:
# /etc/diamond/configs/net.conf
# [collectors]
#
# [[NetworkCollector]]
# enabled = True

启动 Diamond：

python diamond -c ../conf/diamond.conf

启动 Grapgite 三大件

初始化 Graphite 数据库：

cd /opt/graphite/webapp/graphite
mv local_settings.py.example local_settings.py

修改 local_settings.py 里面的数据库配置，把下面一段的注释取消：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'NAME': '/opt/graphite/storage/graphite.db',
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '123456',
        'HOST': '',
        'PORT': ''
    }
}

初始化 Graphite 数据库：

python manage.py syncdb

注：在这个初始化的过程中就可能遇到的错误是 tagging 版本太低，或者是 django 的版本问题，所以才有前面的 django 的版本必须为 1.4，tagging 的版本必须为 0.3.1

启动 carbon-cache：

cd /opt/graphite/bin
./carbon-cache.py start

注：这个在启动过程中，可能遇到如下错误：

from carbon.util import run_twistd_plugin
File “/opt/graphite/lib/carbon/util.py”, line 19, in <module>
from twisted.scripts._twistd_unix import daemonize
ImportError: cannot import name daemonize

解决方法是修改 /opt/graphite/lib/carbon/util.py 文件，把其 from twisted.scripts._twistd_unix import daemonize 替换成 import daemonize

注：需要安装 daemonize，pip install daemonize

然后再次启动即可

启动 graphite，使用 wsgi 启动，在 /opt/graphite/webapp 下新建一个文件 wsgi.py 和一个配置文件 django.xml：

wsgi.py

import os,sys

if not os.path.dirname(__file__) in sys.path[:1]:
    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(__file__))
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings'

from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIHandler
application = WSGIHandler()

django.xml

<uwsgi>
    <socket>ip:port</socket>
        <chdir>/opt/graphite/webapp/graphite</chdir> 
        <pythonpath>..</pythonpath>
    <module>wsgi</module>
</uwsgi>

启动：

uwsgi -x django.xml

现在可以愉快的访问了 http://ip:port

建议：不作死就不会死，要安装这个还是不要用 CentOS 5.8 了，太痛苦。。使用 Python 的 virtualenv 环境也会遇到很多问题。

比如使用 virtualenv 最新版本的时候，会遇到这个错误：

  OSError: Command /Users/bgbb/Developer/django/vnv/bin/python -c "import sys, pip;   sys...d\"] + sys.argv[1:]))" setuptools pip failed with error code 2

解决办法是降级到 virtualenv 1.10.1 版本：

  pip uninstall virtualenv
  wget  https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/v/virtualenv/virtualenv-1.10.1.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
  python setup.py install

如果大家安装过程中遇到问题，欢迎交流！

注：该安装方法适用于 CentOS 5.8，其他的版本应该不会遇到我这么多问题。

在 CentOS 5.8 上安装 Graphite