其实持久存储不仅仅包含文件,还包括数据库等,本章先介绍一部分,先熟悉一下。

熟悉python数据

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


man = []
other = []

try:
    data = open('sketch.txt')
    for each_line in data:
            try:
                    (role,line_spoken) = each_line.split(':',1)
                    line_spoken = line_spoken.strip()  #这里的解读是:这里不是直接处理line_spoken字符串,python 不会改变字符串,他会创建一个新的字符串出来然后执行类似如strip()的方法,然后将返回值赋值到原来的字符串
                    if role == 'Man':
                            man.append(line_spoken)
                    elif role == 'Other Man':
                            other.append(line_spoken)
            except ValueError:
                    pass
    data.close()
except IOError:
    print('The datafile is missing!')

print (man)
print (other)

print ("Norwegian Blues XXXX",file=out) 是python 3.0用法,如果旧版本的python就是用

data.write(result)

需要注意的是,如果要写入文件,那么打开文件的时候要用w写入模式才行,读取的话是r。

对于try:except无法处理的情况时候,使用finally

finally是代表总会执行而不论try:except的报错

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

man = []
other = []

try:
    data = open('sketch.txt')
    for each_line in data:
            try:
                    (role,line_spoken) = each_line.split(':',1)
                    line_spoken = line_spoken.strip()  #这里的解读是:这里不是直接处理line_spoken字符串,python 不会改变字符串,他会创建一个新的字符串出来然后执行类似如strip()的方法,然后将返回值赋值到原来的字符串
                    if role == 'Man':
                            man.append(line_spoken)
                    elif role == 'Other Man':
                            other.append(line_spoken)
            except ValueError:
                    pass
    data.close()
except IOError:
    print('The datafile is missing!')

finally:
    data.close()

详细打印捕获到的错误信息

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


man = []
other = []

try:
    data = open('sketch.txt')
    for each_line in data:
            try:
                    (role,line_spoken) = each_line.split(':',1)
                    line_spoken = line_spoken.strip()  #这里的解读是:这里不是直接处理line_spoken字符串,python 不会改变字符串,他会创建一个新的字符串出来然后执行类似如strip()的方法,然后将返回值赋值到原来的字符串
                    if role == 'Man':
                            man.append(line_spoken)
                    elif role == 'Other Man':
                            other.append(line_spoken)
            except ValueError:
                    pass
    data.close()
except IOError as err:
    print('The datafile is missing!' + str(err)) # 捕获详细的错误信息,这个信息需要str格式化

finally:
    data.close()

例如详细的错误信息会显示: File error: XXXX NO such file or directory:'sketch.txt'

用with代替open

因为with 会自动关闭文件,而不用像open那样要在结尾是用close关闭

with open('its.txt',"w") as data:
    print data

学习是用pickle

pickle的使用原因是它是python的专用持久存储方式,可以不用理会格式问题,直接保存,直接使用,这就是他的闪光之处。

用dump保存,用load恢复

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import pickle
with open('mydata.pickle','w') as mysavedata:
    pickle.dump([1,2,3],mysavedata)

a = []
with open('mydata.pickle','r') as myrestoredata:
    a = pickle.load(myrestoredata)
print a

原文链接:http://www.godblessyuan.com/2015/04/27/head_first_python_chapter_5_lea...


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