Scrapy 抓取知乎的问题

• 从如何评价X的话题下开始抓取问题，然后开始爬相关问题再循环

• 对于每个问题抓取 标题，关注人数，回答数等数据

zhihuTopicSpider.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import scrapy
import os
import time
import re
import json

from ..items import zhihuQuestionItem

# mode 1:tencent   2:free
mode = 2
proxy = "https://web-proxy.oa.com:8080" if mode == 1 else ""

# 设置 用户名和密码
email = "youremail"
password = "yourpassword"


class zhihu_topicSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'zhihu_topicSpider'
    zhihu_url = "https://www.zhihu.com"
    login_url = "https://www.zhihu.com/login/email"
    topic = "https://www.zhihu.com/topic"
    domain = "https://www.zhihu.com"

    # 设置 Headers
    headers_dict = {
        "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
        "Connection": "keep-alive",
        "Host": "www.zhihu.com",
        "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.109 Safari/537.36"
    }

    def start_requests(self):
        yield scrapy.Request(
            url=self.zhihu_url,
            headers=self.headers_dict,
            meta={
                "proxy": proxy,
                "cookiejar": 1
            },
            callback=self.request_captcha
        )

    def request_captcha(self, response):
        # 获取_xsrf值
        _xsrf = response.css('input[name="_xsrf"]::attr(value)').extract()[0]
        # 获得验证码的地址
        captcha_url = "http://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif?r=" + str(time.time() * 1000)
        # 准备下载验证码
        # 获取请求
        yield scrapy.Request(
            url=captcha_url,
            headers=self.headers_dict,
            meta={
                "proxy": proxy,
                "cookiejar": response.meta["cookiejar"],
                "_xsrf": _xsrf
            },
            callback=self.download_captcha
        )

    def download_captcha(self, response):
        # 下载验证码
        with open("captcha.gif", "wb") as fp:
            fp.write(response.body)
        # 打开验证码
        os.system('open captcha.gif')
        # 输入验证码
        print "请输入验证码:\n"
        captcha = raw_input()
        # 输入账号和密码
        yield scrapy.FormRequest(
            url=self.login_url,
            headers=self.headers_dict,
            formdata={
                "email": email,
                "password": password,
                "_xsrf": response.meta["_xsrf"],
                "remember_me": "true",
                "captcha": captcha
            },
            meta={
                "proxy": proxy,
                "cookiejar": response.meta["cookiejar"],
            },
            callback=self.request_zhihu
        )

    def request_zhihu(self, response):
        """
            现在已经登录,请求www.zhihu.com的页面
        """
        yield scrapy.Request(url=self.topic + '/19760570',
                             headers=self.headers_dict,
                             meta={
                                 "proxy": proxy,
                                 "cookiejar": response.meta["cookiejar"],
                             },
                             callback=self.get_topic_question,
                             dont_filter=True)

    def get_topic_question(self, response):
        # with open("topic.html", "wb") as fp:
        #     fp.write(response.body)
        # 获得话题下的question的url
        question_urls = response.css(".question_link[target=_blank]::attr(href)").extract()
        length = len(question_urls)
        k = -1
        j = 0
        temp = []
        for j in range(length/3):
            temp.append(question_urls[k+3])
            j+=1
            k+=3
        for url in temp:
            yield scrapy.Request(url = self.zhihu_url+url,
                    headers = self.headers_dict,
                    meta = {
                        "proxy": proxy,
                        "cookiejar": response.meta["cookiejar"],
                    },
                    callback = self.parse_question_data)

    def parse_question_data(self, response):
        item = zhihuQuestionItem()
        item["qid"] = re.search('\d+',response.url).group()
        item["title"] = response.css(".zm-item-title::text").extract()[0].strip()
        item["answers_num"] = response.css("h3::attr(data-num)").extract()[0]
        question_nums = response.css(".zm-side-section-inner .zg-gray-normal strong::text").extract()
        item["followers_num"] = question_nums[0]
        item["visitsCount"] = question_nums[1]
        item["topic_views"] = question_nums[2]
        topic_tags = response.css(".zm-item-tag::text").extract()
        if len(topic_tags) >= 3:
            item["topic_tag0"] = topic_tags[0].strip()
            item["topic_tag1"] = topic_tags[1].strip()
            item["topic_tag2"] = topic_tags[2].strip()
        elif len(topic_tags) == 2:
            item["topic_tag0"] = topic_tags[0].strip()
            item["topic_tag1"] = topic_tags[1].strip()
            item["topic_tag2"] = '-'
        elif len(topic_tags) == 1:
            item["topic_tag0"] = topic_tags[0].strip()
            item["topic_tag1"] = '-'
            item["topic_tag2"] = '-'
        # print type(item["title"])
        question_links = response.css(".question_link::attr(href)").extract()
        yield item
        for url in question_links:
            yield scrapy.Request(url = self.zhihu_url+url,
                    headers = self.headers_dict,
                    meta = {
                        "proxy": proxy,
                        "cookiejar": response.meta["cookiejar"],
                    },
                    callback = self.parse_question_data)

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

# import json
import MySQLdb

# class JsonDumpPipeline(object):
#     def process_item(self, item, spider):
#         with open('d.json', 'a') as fp:
#             fp.write(json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii = False).encode("utf-8") + '\n')



class MySQLPipeline(object):
    print "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
    sql_questions = (
            "INSERT INTO questions("
            "qid, title, answers_num, followers_num, visitsCount, topic_views, topic_tag0, topic_tag1, topic_tag2) "
            "VALUES ('%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s')")
    count = 0

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        host = "localhost"
        user = "root"
        password = "wangqi"
        dbname = "zh"
        self.conn = MySQLdb.connect(host, user, password, dbname)
        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        self.conn.set_character_set('utf8')
        self.cursor.execute('SET NAMES utf8;')
        self.cursor.execute('SET CHARACTER SET utf8;')
        self.cursor.execute('SET character_set_connection=utf8;')
        print "\n\nMYSQL DB CURSOR INIT SUCCESS!!\n\n"
        sql = (
            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS questions ("
                "qid VARCHAR (100) NOT NULL,"
                "title varchar(100),"
                "answers_num INT(11),"
                "followers_num INT(11) NOT NULL,"
                "visitsCount INT(11),"
                "topic_views INT(11),"
                "topic_tag0 VARCHAR (600),"
                "topic_tag1 VARCHAR (600),"
                "topic_tag2 VARCHAR (600),"
                "PRIMARY KEY (qid)"
            ")")
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        print "\n\nTABLES ARE READY!\n\n"

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        sql = self.sql_questions % (item["qid"], item["title"], item["answers_num"],item["followers_num"],
                                item["visitsCount"], item["topic_views"], item["topic_tag0"], item["topic_tag1"], item["topic_tag2"])
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        if self.count % 10 == 0:
            self.conn.commit()
        self.count += 1
        print item["qid"] + " DATA COLLECTED!"

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy
from scrapy import Field


class zhihuQuestionItem(scrapy.Item):
    qid = Field()
    title = Field()
    followers_num = Field()
    answers_num = Field()
    visitsCount = Field()
    topic_views = Field()
    topic_tag0 = Field()
    topic_tag1 = Field()
    topic_tag2 = Field()