增
- 增加一张表
CREATE TABLE `table_name`(
...
)ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
- 增加记录
INSERT INTO `your_table_name`(`column_name`)
VALUES
('your_value_one'),
('your_value_two');
- 增加字段
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
ADD `your_column_name` ...
AFTER `column_name`;
-
增加索引
- 主键
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` ADD PRIMARY KEY your_index_name(your_column_name);
- 唯一索引
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` ADD UNIQUE your_index_name(your_column_name);
- 普通索引
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` ADD INDEX your_index_name(your_column_name);
- 全文索引
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name` ADD FULLTEXT your_index_name(your_column_name);
删
- 逐行删除
DELETE FORM `table_name`
WHERE ...;
- 清空整张表
TRUNCATE TABLE `your_table_name`;
- 删除表
DROP TABLE `your_table_name`;
- 删除字段
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
DROP `column_name`;
- 删除索引
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
DROP INDEX your_index_name(your_column_name);
改
- 变更数据
UPDATE `table_name`
SET column_name=your_value
WHERE ...;
- 变更字段
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
CHANGE `your_column_name` `your_column_name` ...(变更);
- 变更字段值为另一张表的某个值
UPDATE `your_table_name`
AS a
JOIN `your_another_table_name`
AS b
SET a.column = b.another_column
WHERE a.id = b.a_id...;
查
- 普通查询
SELECT `column_name_one`, `column_name_two`
FROM `table_name`;
- 关联查询
SELECT *
FROM `your_table_name`
AS a
JOIN `your_anther_table_name`
AS b
WHERE a.column_name = b.column_name...;
- 合计函数条件查询:WHERE 关键字无法与合计函数一起使用
SELECT aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM your_table_name
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING aggregate_function(column_name)...;
- 同一个实例下跨库查询
SELECT *
FROM database_name.your_table_name
AS a
JOIN anther_database_name.your_anther_table_name
AS b
WHERE a.column_name = b.column_name...;
复制一张表结构
CREATE `your_table_name`
LIKE `destination_table_name`;
完全复制一张表:表结构+全部数据
CREATE `your_table_name`
LIKE `destination_table_name`;
INSERT INTO `your_table_name`
SELECT *
FROM `destination_table_name`;
附录:mysql常用命令
- 登陆: mysql -h host -u username -p
- 列出数据库:SHOW DATABESES;
- 列出表:SHOW TABLES;
- 表结构:DESC table_name;
- 使用一个数据库:USE database_name;
- 导入:source 'file';
- 导出:mysqldump -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p "database_name" "table_name" --where="condition" > file_name.sql;
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