2017年最新基于hexo搭建个人免费博客——从零开始

前言

搭建此博客是因为通过github上了解到github pages进而知道了可以把静态网页博客托管给github仓库
或许您已经通Git + Hexo 搭建个人博客网站了解到如何通过HEXO + GIT 实现个人博客网站的建立。但是尽管您已经成功建立博客网站，但是你需要对网站做合适的配置和调整才能迎合你的网站要求。本文主要介绍HEXO的基本操作命令和网站的基本配置方法。
<!--more-->

github pages介绍

Github Pages 是 github 公司提供的免费的静态网站托管服务，用起来方便而且功能强大，不仅没有空间限制(为免费用户提供了500M空间)，还可以绑定自己的域名。
到 https://pages.github.com/ 上，看到可以创建的网站有两类，一类是为自己或者是自己的组织创建站点，就是新建一个仓库，仓库的名字叫做，username.github.io 或者是 orgnizationname.github.io ，注意这里的 username 和 orgnizationname 要严格替换成你自己的用户名或者组织名，大小写也要区分，不然就会有问题。然后就往仓库里面放页面内容就行了。第二类是为项目创建网站，这个其实主要步骤都是一样的，只不过稍微比创建用户或组织网站复杂一点点。



具体的可以看这个网址的讲解Github Pages

域名注册和绑定

我是在万网注册的域名和设置DNS解析，所以我只会讲在阿里云下的域名绑定。

进入到控制台后点击自己刚买的域名进入域名管理界面，然后进行添加解析操作，按照途中所给的值填写，注意将记录值改为自己的github pages地址
最后一步必须在所建立的github仓库的主分支里建立一个CNAME文件内容为你要解析到的目地地址

---

hexo安装和配置

Hexo博客搭建的基础大致流程为：
安装Node.js →安装Git → 安装Hexo → 安装主题 → 本地测试运行 → 注册给github与coding并创建pages仓库 → 部署
Node.js和git的安装大家自己去网上搜下，当以上都安好后可以通过git bash来输入命令查看是否安装成功以及对应的版本

随后执行下述命令来安装hexo

npm install -g hexo-cli

hexo初始化

安装完成后要先提前建好一个文件夹，所以我在自己D盘建立了一个hexo文件夹，里面随后剪了一个blog文件夹，用命令cd到blog这个目录

cd d:/hexo/blog

执行命令

hexo init  # hexo会在目标文件夹建立网站所需要的所有文件
npm install  # 安装依赖包

本地启动

有了必要的各种配置文件之后就可以在本地预览效果了

 hexo g # 等同于hexo generate，生成静态文件到public文件夹
 hexo s # 等同于hexo server，在本地服务器运行

还有个命令

hexo clean #作用为清除静态文件夹的内容并删掉，主要用于更改变更了某些地方导致页面显示不完善

之后打开浏览器并输入IP地址 http://localhost:4000/ 查看，效果如下

新建页面和文章

hexo new "title"  # 生成新文章：\source\_posts\title.md
hexo new page "title"  # 生成新的页面，后面可在主题配置文件中配置页面

生成文章或页面的模板放在博客文件夹根目录下的 scaffolds/ 文件夹里面，文章对应的是 post.md ，页面对应的是page.md，草稿的是draft.md

编辑文章

打开新建的文章source_postspostName.md，其中postName是hexo new "title"中的title

---
title: Start My Blog Trip — Power By Hexo  # 文章页面上的显示名称，可以任意修改，不会出现在URL中
date: 2017-2-10 23:49:28  # 文章生成时间，一般不改
categories: diary  # 文章分类目录，多个分类使用[a,b,c]这种格式
tags: [Hexo,diary]  # 文章标签
---
#这里开始使用markdown格式输入你的正文。
<!--more--> 
#more标签以下的内容要点击“阅读全文”才能看见，#more标签以上的内容为你首页显示文章的摘要部分

MD文章编辑

如果你对MD语法不熟悉，推荐你去马克飞象使用它的在线网页编辑，可以实现一边打字一边查看效果，很方便。
地址：https://maxiang.io/

常用命令总结

hexo init [folder] # 初始化一个网站。如果没有设置 folder ，Hexo 默认在目前的文件夹建立网站
hexo new [layout] <title> # 新建一篇文章。如果没有设置 layout 的话，默认使用 _config.yml 中的 default_layout 参数代替。如果标题包含空格的话，请使用引号括起来
hexo version # 查看版本
hexo clean # 清除缓存文件 (db.json) 和已生成的静态文件 (public)
hexo g # 等于hexo generate # 生成静态文件
hexo s # 等于hexo server # 本地预览
hexo d # 等于hexo deploy # 部署，可与hexo g合并为 hexo d -g

---

安装主题

前言

截止2017年，hexo和next都在更新，现今网上的版本和其对应的配置文件都已经发生了巨大的变化，所以我把官网最新的17年的版本配置文件的详情给大家来讲解，大家可以下最新的版本和看我的配置进行修改。

主题下载

hexo主题有很多，这里我自己使用的next主题所以就以它来讲。我的版本为v5.1.0（目前最新）
下载地址：
https://github.com/iissnan/hexo-theme-next/releases
把下来的文件夹解压和更名为next，并复制到theme目录下

HEXO网站的配置文件

在根目录下的_config.yml主要是对网站的总属性进行设置
如：网站标题，网站logo,网站插件使用等全局的属性
主题目录下的_config.yml主要是针对网站的布局，导航等特性设置进行设置

我的根目录配置文件

# Hexo Configuration
## Docs: https://hexo.io/docs/configuration.html
## Source: https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/

# Site
title: Water Sister's Blog
subtitle: 生活、技术个人博客
description: 思考中.....
author: Yang ZiHao
language: zh-Hans
timezone:

# URL
## If your site is put in a subdirectory, set url as 'http://yoursite.com/child' and root as '/child/'
url: http://www.cduyzh.com
root: /
permalink: :title/
permalink_defaults:

# Directory
source_dir: source
public_dir: public
tag_dir: tags
archive_dir: archives
category_dir: categories
code_dir: downloads/code
i18n_dir: :lang
skip_render: 
 - baidu_verify_n9RJHacKra.html
 - google5caece7c800b9ce3.html
# Writing
new_post_name: :title.md # File name of new posts
default_layout: post
titlecase: false # Transform title into titlecase
external_link: true # Open external links in new tab
filename_case: 0
render_drafts: false
post_asset_folder: true
relative_link: false
future: true
highlight:
  enable: true
  line_number: true
  auto_detect: false
  tab_replace:

# Category & Tag
default_category: uncategorized
category_map:
tag_map:

# Date / Time format
## Hexo uses Moment.js to parse and display date
## You can customize the date format as defined in
## http://momentjs.com/docs/#/displaying/format/
date_format: YYYY-MM-DD
time_format: HH:mm:ss

# Pagination
## Set per_page to 0 to disable pagination
per_page: 10
pagination_dir: page

# Extensions
Plugins: 
  - hexo-generator-sitemap
  - hexo-generator-baidu-sitemap


## Plugins: https://hexo.io/plugins/
## Themes: https://hexo.io/themes/
theme: next

# Deployment
## Docs: https://hexo.io/docs/deployment.html
deploy:
  type: git
  repo:
    github: [e-mail]:cduyzh/cduyzh.github.io.git,master    
index_generator:
  per_page: 5

archive_generator:
  per_page: 20
  yearly: true
  monthly: true

tag_generator:
  per_page: 10

menu:
  about: /about
  
    
#头像设置
avatar: /images/yzh.jpg

# 多说热评文章 true 或者 false
duoshuo_hotartical: true

#sitemap
# hexo sitemap
sitemap:
  path: sitemap.xml
baidusitemap:
  path: baidusitemap.xml
  
#local search
search:
  path: search.xml
  field: post
  format: html
  limit: 1000

我的主题目录配置文件

# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Site Information Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# Put your favicon.ico into `hexo-site/source/` directory.
favicon: /images/favicon.ico

# Set default keywords (Use a comma to separate)
keywords: "cduyzh前端开发博客"

# Set rss to false to disable feed link.
# Leave rss as empty to use site's feed link.
# Set rss to specific value if you have burned your feed already.
rss:

# Specify the date when the site was setup
#since: 2015

# icon between year and author @Footer
authoricon: tint

# Footer `powered-by` and `theme-info` copyright
copyright: false

# Canonical, set a canonical link tag in your hexo, you could use it for your SEO of blog.
# See: https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/139066
# Tips: Before you open this tag, remember set up your URL in hexo _config.yml ( ex. url: http://yourdomain.com )
canonical: true

# Change headers hierarchy on site-subtitle (will be main site description) and on all post/pages titles for better SEO-optimization.
seo: true

# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Menu Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# When running the site in a subdirectory (e.g. domain.tld/blog), remove the leading slash (/archives -> archives)
menu:
  home: /
  categories: /categories
  about: /about
  archives: /archives
  tags: /tags
  #commonweal: /404.html
  #sitemap: /sitemap.xml
  life: /categories/life
  technology: //categories/technology


# Enable/Disable menu icons.
# Icon Mapping:
#   Map a menu item to a specific FontAwesome icon name.
#   Key is the name of menu item and value is the name of FontAwesome icon. Key is case-senstive.
#   When an question mask icon presenting up means that the item has no mapping icon.
menu_icons:
  enable: true
  #KeyMapsToMenuItemKey: NameOfTheIconFromFontAwesome
  home: home
  about: user
  categories: th
  schedule: calendar
  tags: tags
  archives: archive
  sitemap: sitemap
  commonweal: heart
  life: coffee
  technology: cog




# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Scheme Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# Schemes
#scheme: Muse
scheme: Mist
#scheme: Pisces


# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Font Settings
# - Find fonts on Google Fonts (https://www.google.com/fonts)
# - All fonts set here will have the following styles:
#     light, light italic, normal, normal italic, bold, bold italic
# - Be aware that setting too much fonts will cause site running slowly
# - Introduce in 5.0.1
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
font:
  enable: true

  # Uri of fonts host. E.g. //fonts.googleapis.com (Default)
  host:

  # Global font settings used on <body> element.
  global:
    # external: true will load this font family from host.
    external: true
    family: Lato

  # Font settings for Headlines (h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6)
  # Fallback to `global` font settings.
  headings:
    external: true
    family:

  # Font settings for posts
  # Fallback to `global` font settings.
  posts:
    external: true
    family:

  # Font settings for Logo
  # Fallback to `global` font settings.
  # The `size` option use `px` as unit
  logo:
    external: true
    family:
    size:

  # Font settings for <code> and code blocks.
  codes:
    external: true
    family:
    size:




# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Sidebar Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------


# Social Links
# Key is the link label showing to end users.
# Value is the target link (E.g. GitHub: https://github.com/iissnan)
social:
  #LinkLabel: Link
   GitHub: https://github.com/cduyzh
   知乎: https://www.zhihu.com/people/yang-zi-hao-cheng-du-da-xue
   Weibo: http://weibo.com/3290722423/
   QQ: http://wpa.qq.com/msgrd?v=3&uin=450311265&site=qq&menu=yes

# Social Links Icons
# Icon Mapping:
#   Map a menu item to a specific FontAwesome icon name.
#   Key is the name of the item and value is the name of FontAwesome icon. Key is case-senstive.
#   When an globe mask icon presenting up means that the item has no mapping icon.
social_icons:
  enable: true
  # Icon Mappings.
  # KeyMapsToSocialItemKey: NameOfTheIconFromFontAwesome
  GitHub: github
  #Twitter: twitter
  Weibo: weibo
  QQ: qq

# Sidebar Avatar
# in theme directory(source/images): /images/avatar.jpg
# in site  directory(source/uploads): /uploads/avatar.jpg
#avatar:


# Table Of Contents in the Sidebar
toc:
  enable: true

  # Automatically add list number to toc.
  number: true


# Creative Commons 4.0 International License.
# http://creativecommons.org/
# Available: by | by-nc | by-nc-nd | by-nc-sa | by-nd | by-sa | zero
#creative_commons: by-nc-sa
#creative_commons:


sidebar:
  # Sidebar Position, available value: left | right
  position: left
  #position: right

  # Sidebar Display, available value:
  #  - post    expand on posts automatically. Default.
  #  - always  expand for all pages automatically
  #  - hide    expand only when click on the sidebar toggle icon.
  #  - remove  Totally remove sidebar including sidebar toggle.
  #display: post
  display: always
  #display: hide
  #display: remove

  # Sidebar offset from top menubar in pixels.
  offset: 12
  offset_float: 0

  # Back to top in sidebar
  b2t: false

  # Scroll percent label in b2t button
  scrollpercent: false


# Blog rolls
links_title: Links
#links_layout: block
#links_layout: inline
links:
  hexo: https://hexo.io/zh-cn/
  next: http://theme-next.iissnan.com/
  web project: http://www.watersister.top

# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Post Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# Automatically scroll page to section which is under <!-- more --> mark.
scroll_to_more: true

# Automatically excerpt description in homepage as preamble text.
excerpt_description: true

# Automatically Excerpt. Not recommend.
# Please use <!-- more --> in the post to control excerpt accurately.
auto_excerpt:
  enable: true
  length: 400

# Post meta display settings
post_meta:
  item_text: true
  created_at: true
  updated_at: false
  categories: true

# Post wordcount display settings
# Dependencies: https://github.com/willin/hexo-wordcount
post_wordcount:
  item_text: true
  wordcount: true
  min2read: true

#Wechat Subscriber
#wechat_subscriber:
# enabled: true
# qcode:  /images/wechatpay.jpg
# description: subscribe to my blog by scanning my public wechat account



# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Misc Theme Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# Custom Logo.
# !!Only available for Default Scheme currently.
# Options:
#   enabled: [true/false] - Replace with specific image
#   image: url-of-image   - Images's url
custom_logo:
  enabled: false
  image: 


# Code Highlight theme
# Available value:
#    normal | night | night eighties | night blue | night bright
# https://github.com/chriskempson/tomorrow-theme
highlight_theme: night


# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Third Party Services Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# MathJax Support
mathjax:
  enable: false
  per_page: false
  cdn: //cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML


# Swiftype Search API Key
#swiftype_key:

# Baidu Analytics ID
#baidu_analytics:

# Duoshuo ShortName
duoshuo_shortname: cduyzh

# Disqus
#disqus_shortname:

# Hypercomments
#hypercomments_id:

# Gentie productKey
#gentie_productKey:

# Support for youyan comments system.
# You can get your uid from http://www.uyan.cc
#youyan_uid: your uid

# Support for LiveRe comments system.
# You can get your uid from https://livere.com/insight/myCode (General web site)
#livere_uid: your uid

# Baidu Share
# Available value:
#    button | slide
# Warning: Baidu Share does not support https.
#baidushare:
##  type: button

# Share
#jiathis:
# Warning: JiaThis does not support https.
#add_this_id:

# Share
duoshuo_share: true

# Google Webmaster tools verification setting
# See: https://www.google.com/webmasters/
#google_site_verification:

# Google Analytics
#google_analytics:

# Yandex Webmaster tools verification setting
# See: https://webmaster.yandex.ru/
#yandex_site_verification:

# CNZZ count
#cnzz_siteid:

# Application Insights
# See https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/application-insights/
# application_insights:

# Make duoshuo show UA
# user_id must NOT be null when admin_enable is true!
# you can visit http://dev.duoshuo.com get duoshuo user id.
duoshuo_info:
  ua_enable: true
  admin_enable: false
  user_id: 6224774254659896065
  admin_nickname: author


# Facebook SDK Support.
# https://github.com/iissnan/hexo-theme-next/pull/410
facebook_sdk:
  enable: false
  app_id:       #<app_id>
  fb_admin:     #<user_id>
  like_button:  #true
  webmaster:    #true

# Facebook comments plugin
# This plugin depends on Facebook SDK.
# If facebook_sdk.enable is false, Facebook comments plugin is unavailable.
facebook_comments_plugin:
  enable: false
  num_of_posts: 10  # min posts num is 1
  width: 100%       # default width is 550px
  scheme: light     # default scheme is light (light or dark)

# VKontakte API Support.
# To get your AppID visit https://vk.com/editapp?act=create
vkontakte_api:
  enable: false
  app_id:       #<app_id>
  like:         true
  comments:     true
  num_of_posts: 10


# Show number of visitors to each article.
# You can visit https://leancloud.cn get AppID and AppKey.
leancloud_visitors:
  enable: true
  app_id: TxBSdzFliqxOpec29xEd8pO5-gzGzoHsz
  app_key: 5rH911Nhs9V7AWFjEYqe8Bz7

# Show PV/UV of the website/page with busuanzi.
# Get more information on http://ibruce.info/2015/04/04/busuanzi/
busuanzi_count:
  # count values only if the other configs are false
  enable: true
  # custom uv span for the whole site
  site_uv: true
  site_uv_header: <i class="fa fa-user"></i> 访问用户：
  site_uv_footer: 人
  # custom pv span for the whole site
  site_pv: true
  site_pv_header: <i class="fa fa-eye"></i> 访问次数：
  site_pv_footer: 次
  # custom pv span for one page only
  page_pv: false
  page_pv_header: <i class="fa fa-file-o"></i>&nbsp点击量 
  page_pv_footer: 次


# Tencent analytics ID
# tencent_analytics:

# Tencent MTA ID
# tencent_mta:


# Enable baidu push so that the blog will push the url to baidu automatically which is very helpful for SEO
baidu_push: true

# Google Calendar
# Share your recent schedule to others via calendar page
#
# API Documentation:
# https://developers.google.com/google-apps/calendar/v3/reference/events/list
calendar:
  enable: false
  calendar_id: <required>
  api_key: <required>
  orderBy: startTime
  offsetMax: 24
  offsetMin: 4
  timeZone:
  showDeleted: false
  singleEvents: true
  maxResults: 250

# Algolia Search
algolia_search:
  enable: false
  hits:
    per_page: 10
  labels:
    input_placeholder: Search for Posts
    hits_empty: "We didn't find any results for the search: ${query}"
    hits_stats: "${hits} results found in ${time} ms"


# Local search
local_search:
  enable: true

# External URL with BASE64 encrypt & decrypt
# Usage: {% exturl text url "title" %}
# Alias: {% extlink text url "title" %}
exturl: false


#! ---------------------------------------------------------------
#! DO NOT EDIT THE FOLLOWING SETTINGS
#! UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING
#! ---------------------------------------------------------------

# Motion
use_motion: true

# Fancybox
fancybox: true

# Canvas-nest
canvas_nest: true

# Script Vendors.
# Set a CDN address for the vendor you want to customize.
# For example
#    jquery: https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.0/jquery.min.js
# Be aware that you should use the same version as internal ones to avoid potential problems.
# Please use the https protocol of CDN files when you enable https on your site.
vendors:
  # Internal path prefix. Please do not edit it.
  _internal: lib

  # Internal version: 2.1.3
  jquery: //cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js

  # Internal version: 2.1.5
  # Fancybox: http://fancyapps.com/fancybox/
  fancybox: //cdn.bootcss.com/fancybox/2.1.5/jquery.fancybox.pack.js
  fancybox_css: //cdn.bootcss.com/fancybox/2.1.5/jquery.fancybox.min.css

  # Internal version: 1.0.6
  fastclick: //cdn.bootcss.com/fastclick/1.0.6/fastclick.min.js

  # Internal version: 1.9.7
  # See: https://github.com/tuupola/jquery_lazyload
  lazyload: //cdn.bootcss.com/jquery_lazyload/1.9.7/jquery.lazyload.min.js

  # Internal version: 1.2.1
  velocity: 

  # Internal version: 1.2.1
  velocity_ui: 


  # Internal version: 0.7.9
  # See: https://faisalman.github.io/ua-parser-js/
  ua_parser:

  # Internal version: 4.6.2
  # See: http://fontawesome.io/
  fontawesome: //cdn.bootcss.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css

  # Internal version: 1
  # https://www.algolia.com
  algolia_instant_js:
  algolia_instant_css:

  # Internal version: 1.0.0
  # https://github.com/hustcc/canvas-nest.js
  canvas_nest: //cdn.bootcss.com/canvas-nest.js/1.0.1/canvas-nest.min.js



# Assets
css: css
js: js
images: images

# Theme version
version: 5.1.0

# 多说热评文章 true 或者 false
duoshuo_hotartical: true

reward_comment: 坚持原创技术分享，您的支持将鼓励我继续创作！
wechatpay: /images/wechatpay.jpg
alipay: /images/alipay.jpg

PS:可以不用一次性看完，理解下各个属性即可，官网也没有对所有配置的中文解释，只有一些例子配置对应的参数而已。

---

相信绝大数人都没看完，大家可以后面自己配置的时候再来看。

启用主题

打开站点配置文件， 找到 theme 字段，并将其值更改为 next

theme: next

注意:后有个空格必须要有空格哦
然后 hexo s 即可在localshost:4000地址里预览主题效果

更换主题外观

next有三个主题样式

# Schemes
#scheme: Muse
scheme: Mist
#scheme: Pisces

我用的是第二个

更换语言为中文，在根目录配置文件下配置language: zh-Hans

# Site
title: Water Sister's Blog
subtitle: 生活、技术个人博客
description: 思考中.....
author: Yang ZiHao
language: zh-Hans
timezone:

添加网站小图标

在主题目录配置文件下设置

# Put your favicon.ico into `hexo-site/source/` directory.
favicon: /images/favicon.ico

大部分的设定都能在NexT的官方文档 里面找到，如侧栏、头像、打赏、评论、订阅、连接、分享、数据统计等等，在此就不多讲了，照着文档走就行了，接下只是个性定制的问题。
所以给个官方文档大家可以自己去看一遍：
http://theme-next.iissnan.com/theme-settings.html

部署发行项目

前言

假设前面已经注册了github帐号和创建了对应的仓库，通过配置SSH来建立连接。

生成SSH

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "邮件地址@youremail.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/your_user_directory/.ssh/id_rsa):<回车>

系统会要求你输入密码，这里设置的密码主要是在你提交Git时弹出密码认证，不想输入直接回车

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):<输入加密串>
Enter same passphrase again:<再次输入加密串>

成功后如图：

配置SSH

找到id_rsa.pub 并复制文件内容
id_rsa.pub文件一般位于电脑用户配置文件夹下的一个.ssh文件下C:Users你的用户名.ssh
登录Github并添加密钥
进入github首页在右上角选择settings设置。

创建一个新的SSH key，图中显示我已经创建好了。
title可以随便取

测试通过git bash链接到Git

链接Git

$ ssh -T [e-mail]

提示如下：yes

The authenticity of host 'github.com (207.65.227.44)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:42:18:60:1d:7b:13:d2:b5:c4:20:7e:56:86:d8:71:f3
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

以下为成功链接到Git

Hi XXXX! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

使用Git bash简单的设置一下用户信息：

git config --global user.name your name
git config --global user.email [e-mail]

部署到Github

在此之前，先安装Git部署插件

npm install hexo-deployer-git --save

打开根目录配置文件，拉到底部，修改部署配置：

deploy:
  type: git
  repo:
    github: [e-mail]:cduyzh/cduyzh.github.io.git,master  

注意冒号后面是网站对应的用户名，接着就是/，然后再是你的项目名加上 .git,master

保存后终端执行

hexo clean
hexo g
hexo d

结果如下为成功上传

总结

到这里基本上完成了hexo的配置和项目的上传，后面我会讲一些文章的编辑，分类，标签的运用，还会对next主题进行一些分析，如果想自己设置主题和样式建议先把next主题的官方中文文档看一下，我会对其中的一些进行解释。