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本文主要聊一聊写测试时如何mock第三方json api数据。

在开发时经常会调用第三方API接口,抓取json api data后进行加工处理,那如何写测试呢?如何mock数据呢?

这里举一个简单例子,AccountController::class调用Connector::class, Connector::class 会调用第三方 json api来读取数据,代码如下:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

class AccountController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * @var Connector
     */
    private $connector;

    public function index()
    {
        $connector = $this->getConnector();

        return $connector->call('accounts');
    }

    public function show(string $id)
    {
        $connector = $this->getConnector();

        return $connector->call('accounts/' . $id);
    }

    private function getConnector()
    {
        if (!$this->connector) {
            $this->connector = new Connector();
        }

        return $this->connector;
    }
}



namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class Connector
{
    public function call(string $path): array
    {
        $client = new Client();

        $response = $client->request(Request::METHOD_GET, config('app.url') . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $path);

        return \GuzzleHttp\json_decode($response);
    }
}

代码很简单,但是场景却经常会遇到,关键是如何mock数据而不是发送真实http请求数据。其实很简单,只需运用Mockery库mock请求代码,从本地读取fixtures数据

首先是在tests/fixtures文件夹下准备下fixtures数据,这些json文件的数据都是真实的接口返回的数据,可以先用postman或其他工具拿到真实数据, simple_dataset 是dataset的名称,可以自定义,一般项目里都会有一个或多个dataset数据集,vendor 是第三方名称,自定义:

图片描述

图片描述

然后写上AccountControllerTest::class

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class AccountControllerTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testIndex()
    {
        $response = $this->call(Request::METHOD_GET, 'api/v1/accounts');

        dump($response->json());
    }

    public function testShow()
    {
        $response = $this->call(Request::METHOD_GET, 'api/v1/accounts/1');

        dump($response->json());
    }
}

然后写上路由:

Route::group(['prefix' => 'v1'], function () {
    $resources = [
        'accounts' => [\App\Http\Controllers\AccountController::class => ['index', 'show']],
    ];

    foreach ($resources as $name => $controllers) {
        foreach ($controllers as $fqcn => $actions) {
            Route::resource($name, $fqcn, ['only' => $actions]);
        }
    }
});

既然用了全局类名\App\Http\Controllers\AccountController::class,那就别忘了在app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider::mapApiRoutes 抹掉namespace

    protected function mapApiRoutes()
    {
        Route::prefix('api')
             ->middleware('api')
             ->group(base_path('routes/api.php'));
    }

最后同时在TestCase::class写上mock数据代码

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Http\Controllers\Connector;
use Symfony\Component\Finder\SplFileInfo;
use Tests\TestCase as BaseTestCase;

class TestCase extends BaseTestCase
{
    protected const MOCK_PATH = 'tests/fixtures/simple_dataset/vendor'; // tests/fixtures/{$dataset_name}/{$vendor_name}

    public function setUp()
    {
        parent::setUp();
    
        /** @see http://docs.mockery.io/en/latest/cookbook/mocking_hard_dependencies.html?highlight=overload */
        $mock      = \Mockery::mock('overload:' . Connector::class); // Mock hard dependencies
        $mock_path = base_path(static::MOCK_PATH);

        /** @var SplFileInfo[] $files */
        $files = \File::allFiles($mock_path);

        foreach ($files as $file) {
            $api_name = substr($file->getRelativePathname(), 0, -5); // remove '.json'

            // mock Connector::call('accounts/1') && Connector::call('accounts')
            $mock->shouldReceive('call')->with($api_name)->andReturn(\GuzzleHttp\json_decode(file_get_contents($file->getRealPath()), true));
        }
    }
}

这样执行测试时就实现了读取本地的真实json数据,而不用发起真实的http请求。两个测试的response数据的确来源于本地json文件的数据:

图片描述

其实,就是一句话,写测试时如果调用了第三方 json api 读取数据时,使用Mockery库去mock数据,数据来源于本地文件夹的数据,且是真实有效的数据。至于mock部分的代码想咋写就咋写。同时,上面代码里还需要注意一点是,由于Connector::class是AccountController::class 的 hard dependency,别忘了加上 overload, 代码里已经添加链接,可看官网介绍

写测试是非常重要的,需要会使用PHPUnit和Mockery这两个基本库,官网是PHP手册Mockery手册


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