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字符串 == 比较类型强转隐患
// php 5
var_dump(md5('240610708') == md5('QNKCDZO'));//bool(true)
var_dump(md5('aabg7XSs') == md5('aabC9RqS'));//bool(true)
var_dump(sha1('aaroZmOk') == sha1('aaK1STfY'));//bool(true)
var_dump(sha1('aaO8zKZF') == sha1('aa3OFF9m'));//bool(true)
var_dump('0010e2' == '1e3');//10×10^2 = 1×10^3 bool(true)
var_dump('0x1234Ab' == '1193131');//bool(true)
var_dump('0xABCdef' == ' 0xABCdef');//bool(true)
var_dump("603E-4234" == "272E-3063");//bool(true)
var_dump('0e1' == '0e2'); //bool(true)
// php 7 含十六进制字符串不再被认为是数字 http://php.net/manual/zh/migration70.incompatible.php
var_dump('0x1234Ab' == '1193131');//bool(false)
var_dump('0xABCdef' == ' 0xABCdef');//bool(false)
var_dump("0x123" == "291");//bool(false)
var_dump(is_numeric("0x123"));//bool(false)
>>> md5('240610708')
=> "0e462097431906509019562988736854"
>>> md5('QNKCDZO')
=> "0e830400451993494058024219903391"
// php 是弱语言,会自动判断数据类型,0eXXXXXXXXXX 转成 0 了
//来自文档:如果比较一个数字和字符串或者比较涉及到数字内容的字符串,则字符串会被转换为数值并且比较按照数值来进行。此规则也适用于 switch 语句。当用 === 或 !== 进行比较时则不进行类型转换,因为此时类型和数值都要比对。
>>> md5('QNKCDZO')==0
=> true
>>> md5('240610708')==0
=> true
// 使用 === 判断 官方都建议直接用password_hash加密
var_dump(md5('240610708') === md5('QNKCDZO'));//bool(false)
//http://bayescafe.com/php/yuebaomei-ctf.html
var_dump("42"=="0x2A");//bool(true)
var_dump("1" == "01"); // 1 == 1 -> true
var_dump("10" == "1e1"); // 10 == 10 -> true
var_dump(100 == "1e2"); // 100 == 100 -> true
var_dump("\x34\x32\x2E"=="42");//bool(true)
var_dump("\001abc");//abc
var_dump('\001abc');//\001abc
$a = "1234567";
var_dump($a['test']);//1
var_dump(in_array(false, array('xxx')));//false
empty('0');//false
"133" == "0133";
133 == "0133";
133 == 0133; //因为0133是一个八进制数,转成十进制是91
"0133" != 91; //字符串中的数字始终是十进制的,这个也可以理解
"0x10" == 16; //但是!,在十六进制中上面的说法又不成立了
"1e3" == 1000; //科学计数表示也一样
#'string' == true,而且'string' == 0,但是,true != 0
null == 0;
null < -1;
$flag = "THIS IS FLAG";
if ("POST" == $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'])
{
$password = $_POST['password'];//420.00000e-1
if (0 >= preg_match('/^[[:graph:]]{12,}$/', $password))
{
echo 'Wrong Format';
exit;
}
while (TRUE)
{
$reg = '/([[:punct:]]+|[[:digit:]]+|[[:upper:]]+|[[:lower:]]+)/';
if (6 > preg_match_all($reg, $password, $arr))
break;
$c = 0;
$ps = array('punct', 'digit', 'upper', 'lower');
foreach ($ps as $pt)
{
if (preg_match("/[[:$pt:]]+/", $password))
$c += 1;
}
if ($c < 3) break;
if ("42" == $password) echo $flag;
else echo 'Wrong password';
exit;
}
}
//https://segmentfault.com/q/1010000012046306
$red_money = 143.66;
$receive_money = 14.55;
$residue_money = $red_money > $receive_money ? $red_money - $receive_money : 0;
$receive_money = $residue_money * 100;
var_dump($receive_money);//12911
var_dump((int)$receive_money);/12910
var_dump(intval(12910.9));//int(12910)
var_dump($receive_money*10000);//12910000
var_dump((int)($receive_money*10000));//12910999
var_dump(decbin($receive_money));
var_dump(decbin(12911));
ps: php 7 优化和不兼容
$goo = [
"bar" => [
"baz" => 100,
"cug" => 900
]
];
$foo = "goo";
$$foo["bar"]["baz"]; // 实际为:($$foo)['bar']['baz']; PHP 5 中为:${$foo['bar']['baz']};https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/29478077 https://github.com/justcodingnobb/fuck-php-interview https://github.com/todayqq/caseInterviewQuestions
$fn = function (?int $in) {
return $in ?? "NULL";
};
$fn(null);
$fn(5);
$fn(); // TypeError: Too few arguments to function {closure}()
PDO bindParam 要求第二个参数是一个引用变量
$dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', "test");
$query = <<<QUERY
INSERT INTO `user` (`username`, `password`) VALUES (:username, :password);
QUERY;
$statement = $dbh->prepare($query);
$bind_params = array(':username' => "laruence", ':password' => "weibo");
foreach( $bind_params as $key => $value ){
$statement->bindParam($key, $value);
}
$statement->execute();
//期望执行 sql
INSERT INTO `user` (`username`, `password`) VALUES ("laruence", "weibo");
// 实际执行 sql
INSERT INTO `user` (`username`, `password`) VALUES ("weibo", "weibo");
//第一次循环
$value = $bind_params[":username"];
$statement->bindParam(":username", &$value); //此时, :username是对$value变量的引用
//第二次循环
$value = $bind_params[":password"]; //oops! $value被覆盖成了:password的值
$statement->bindParam(":password", &$value);
// 解决
foreach( $bind_params as $key => &$value ) { //注意这里
$statement->bindParam($key, $value);
}
return $statement->execute($params);
PHP 引用
参考鸟哥一条微博
$arr = range(1,3);
foreach($arr as &$v){
}
foreach($arr as $v){
}
print_r($arr);//[1,2,2]
// 解决一
$arr = range(1,3);
foreach($arr as &$v){
}
unset($v);
foreach($arr as $v){
}
print_r($arr);//[1,2,3]
// 解决二
$arr = range(1,3);
foreach($arr as &$v){
}
foreach($arr as $v2){
}
print_r($arr);//[1,2,3]
// 解决三
$arr = range(1,3);
foreach($arr as &$v){
}
foreach($arr as &$v){
}
print_r($arr);//[1,2,3]
array_merge vs +
//
$arr1 = array(1 => "one", "2" => "two", 3 => "three");
$arr2 = array(2 => "new two", 3 => "new three");
print_r($arr1 + $arr2);
Array
(
[1] => one
[2] => two
[3] => three
)
print_r(array_merge($arr1, $arr2));
Array
(
[0] => one
[1] => two
[2] => three
[3] => new two
[4] => new three
)
浮点数精度问题
var_dump(15702>=(157.02*100));//bool(false)
var_dump(11111>=(111.11*100));//bool(true)
var_dump(bcsub(15702,(157.02*100)) >= 0);//bool(true)
if(abs(15702-(157.02*100)) < 0.001) {
echo "相等";
} else {
echo "不相等";
}
$f = 0.58;
var_dump(intval($f * 100)); //57 0.58 * 100 = 57.999999999...
in_array switch/case 松散比较
$arr = ['a', 'pro' => 'php', 8, true];
var_dump(in_array(2, $arr)); // bool(true)
var_dump(in_array('b', $arr)); // bool(true)
var_dump(in_array(0, $arr)); // tbool(true)
var_dump(in_array(null, $arr)); // bool(false)
var_dump(in_array(2, $arr, true)); // bool(false)
var_dump(in_array(0, $arr, true)); // bool(false)
$name = 0;
switch ($name) {
case "a":
//...
break;
case "b":
//...
break;
}
switch (strval($name)) {
case "a":
//...
break;
case "b":
//...
break;
}
//http://php.net/manual/zh/types.comparisons.php#types.comparisions-loose
function test($var)
{
switch (true)
{
case 'apple' === $var:
echo 'apple', PHP_EOL;
break;
case 0 === $var:
echo '0', PHP_EOL;
break;
default:
echo 'default', PHP_EOL;
}
}
$arr = array('0', 0, 'apple');
foreach ($arr as $value)
{
test($value);
}
strpos
function getReferer($link)
{
$refMap = [
'baidu' => '百度',
'sougou' => '搜狗',
'360' => '360',
'google' => '谷歌'
];
foreach ($refMap as $key => $value) {
if (strpos($link, $key) !== false) {
return $value;
}
}
return '其他';
}
// https://secure.php.net/manual/zh/function.strpos.php 如果 needle 不是一个字符串,那么它将被转换为整型并被视为字符的顺序值。
echo getReferer('https://www.google.com/search?workd=google');//360
// 解决
function getReferer($link)
{
$refMap = [
'baidu' => '百度',
'sougou' => '搜狗',
'360' => '360',
'google' => '谷歌'
];
foreach ($refMap as $key => $value) {
if (mb_strpos($link, $key) !== false) {
//if (strpos($link, strval($key)) !== false) {
return $value;
}
}
return '其他';
}
PHP 不同版本 curl 文件上传
//PHP的cURL支持通过给CURL_POSTFIELDS传递关联数组(而不是字符串)来生成multipart/form-data的POST请求 https://blog.zsxsoft.com/post/5
if (class_exists('\CURLFile')) {
$field = array('fieldname' => new \CURLFile(realpath($filepath)));
} else {
$field = array('fieldname' => '@' . realpath($filepath));
}
foreach 顺序
$arr=[];
$arr[2] = 2;
$arr[1] = 1;
$arr[0] = 0;
foreach ($arr as $key => $val) {
echo $val;// 2 1 0
}
while (list($key, $v) = each($arr)) {
//获取不到 foreach会自动reset,each之前, 先reset数组的内部指针
}
for($i=0,$l=count($arr); $i<$l; $i++) {
echo $arr[$i];// 0 1 2
}
json_decode
>>> json_decode('php')
=> null
// 对非 json 字符串并非返回 null
>>> json_decode('0x123')
=> 291
echo json_encode(["name" => "php", "age" => "22"]) . "\n";// {"name":"php","age":"22"}
echo json_encode([]) . "\n";//[] 返回这个会让 APP 崩溃
echo json_encode((object)[]) . "\n";//{}
>>> $a = 0.1 + 0.7
=> 0.8
>>> printf('%.20f', $a)
=> 0.79999999999999993339
>>> json_encode($a)
=> "0.7999999999999999"
>>> \YaJson::encode($a)//https://github.com/seekerliu/laravel-another-json
=> "0.8"
ini_set('serialize_precision', 14);
$a = 0.1 + 0.7;
echo json_encode($a);//0.8
echo json_decode(0.7999999999999999);//0.8
strtotime('-x month')
date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Shanghai');
$t = strtotime('2017-08-31');
echo date('Ym',strtotime('- 1 month',$t));//201707
echo date('Ym',strtotime('- 2 month',$t));//201707 ?
//
$first_day_of_month = date('Y-m',strtotime('2017-08-31')) . '-01 00:00:01';
$t = strtotime($first_day_of_month);
echo date('Ym',strtotime('- 1 month',$t));//201707
echo date('Ym',strtotime('- 2 month',$t));//201706
echo date("Ym", strtotime("-2 month", strtotime("first day of 2017-08-31")));//201706
BOM
//json 解析成 null 写代码时指定 utf-8 without bom
function remove_utf8_bom($text)
{
$bom = pack('H*','EFBBBF');
$text = preg_replace("/^$bom/", '', $text);
return $text;
}
// ps:PHP导出Excel 可能会乱码,需要写入 BOM头
$content = pack('H*','EFBBBF');
fwrite($fp, $content);
PHP解析大整数
$shopId = 17978812896666957068;
var_dump($shopId);//float(1.7978812896667E+19)
$shopId= number_format(17978812896666957068);
var_dump($shopId);//17978812896666957824
$shopId= strval(17978812896666957068);
var_dump($shopId);
$shopId = 17978812896666957068 . '';
var_dump($shopId);//float(1.7978812896667E+19)
$shopId = '17978812896666957068';
var_dump($shopId);
// 输出
// string(20) "17978812896666957068"
超过PHP最大表示范围的纯整数,在MySQL中可以使用bigint/varchar保存,MySQL在查询出来的时候会将其使用string类型保存的。 对于赋值,在PHP里,如果遇到有大整数需要赋值的话,不要尝试用整型类型去赋值$var = '17978812896666957068';
#
curl获取网页内容出现乱码
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_ENCODING,'gzip')//)如果抓取的网页进行了gzip压缩 加入gzip解析
$data = file_get_contents("compress.zlib://".$url); // Header 里 Accept-Encoding:gzip 是告诉对方服务器使用 Gzip 进行传输。
trim 中文乱码
echo rawurlencode('河北省');//%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81
echo rawurlencode('广东省');//%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81
echo rtrim('河北省', '省');//河北
echo rtrim('广东省', '省');//广��
//省的十六制作表示是e7 9c 81,而东的十六进制表示是e4 b8 9c,都出现了9c,哦~正因为是rtrim,所以rtrim('广东省', '省')的时候把“东”的十六进制表示的最后一位也被trim掉了。同理rtrim('河北省', '省')不存在此问题
echo trim_cn('广东省','省');//广东
function trim_cn($str, $trim, $charset = 'UTF-8') {
$len = mb_strlen($str, $charset);
if (!$len)
return;
$t1 = $t2 = false;$o=$l=0;
for($i=0;$i<$len;$i++)
{
$str1 = mb_substr($str, $i, 1, $charset);
$str2 = mb_substr($str, $len-$i-1, 1, $charset);
if($str1 == $trim && !$t1) $o++; else $t1 = true;
if($str2 == $trim && !$t2) $l++; else $t2 = true;
}
return mb_substr($str, $o, ($len-$l-$o), $charset);;
}
__callStatic
//在对象中调用一个不可访问方法时,__call() 会被调用
//在静态上下文中调用一个不可访问方法时,__callStatic() 会被调用 目标方法非 public 时__callStatic 才会起作用。
class A{
public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments)
{
echo $name.'静态方法不存在!';
}
public function test()
{
echo 'test 方法';
}
}
A::test();//test 方法
mb_substr字符编码
$str = '北京市朝阳区';
var_dump(mb_substr($str,0,3));//预期输出是:string(9) "北京市",但是输出确是:string(3) "北"
//mb_substr这个函数在操作的时候如果没有传字符编码,则按照默认的内部编码操作字符串。PHP5.6之前的默认编码都是ISO-8859-1,5.6之后的才是UTF8,UTF8模式下,一个中文字符占3个字节,而ISO-8859-1则是按照一个字节进行处理,所以自然取出来的是异常的字符串。
var_dump(mb_substr($str,0,3,'UTF-8'));//string(9) "北京市"
url参数中的+替换为空格
$name=str_replace('%20','+',$_GET['name']);
//安全 base64
function urlsafeB64Decode($input)
{
$remainder = strlen($input) % 4;
if ($remainder) {
$padlen = 4 - $remainder;
$input .= str_repeat('=', $padlen);
}
return base64_decode(strtr($input, '-_', '+/'));
}
function urlsafeB64Encode($input)
{
return str_replace('=', '', strtr(base64_encode($input), '+/', '-_'));
}
array Undefined offset
# php -a
php > $a=[];
php > echo $a[1];
PHP Notice: Undefined offset: 1 in php shell code on line 1
php > $a=null;
php > echo $a[1];
php > $a=4;
php > echo $a[1];
数组比较
array("foo", "bar") != array("bar", "foo"); //这个时候,array就是数组
array("foo" => 1, "bar" => 2) == array("bar" => 2, "foo" => 1); //这个时候,array又变成了无序hash表
$first = array("foo" => 123, "bar" => 456);
$second = array("foo" => 456, "bar" => 123);
var_dump(array_diff($first, $second));
==> array()
数组序列化
$arrA = array('a', 'b', 'c');
echo json_encode($arrA) . "\n";
$arrB = array('a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3);
echo json_encode($arrB) . "\n";
["a","b","c"]
{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3}
$arrA = array(1 => 'a', 2 => 'b', 3 => 'c');
echo json_encode($arrA) . "\n";
$arrA = array(0 => 'a', 2 => 'b', 3 => 'c');
echo json_encode($arrA) . "\n";
{"1":"a","2":"b","3":"c"}
{"0":"a","2":"b","3":"c"}
//仅当数组的key是从0开始的整数,并且key连续不间断,对其序列化的结果才是JS中的数组,也就是通常认为的PHP索引数组。
json 解析错误
删除控制符
function strip_control_characters($str){
return preg_replace('/[\x00-\x1F\x7F-\x9F]/u', '', $str);
}
删除BOM解决:sed -i '1 s/^\xef\xbb\xbf//' file
32位系统2038年问题
1、日期字符串转换为时间戳
$obj = new DateTime("2050-12-31 23:59:59");
echo $obj->format("U"); // 2556115199
// 2、时间戳转换为日期字符串
$obj = new DateTime("@2556115199"); // 这里时间戳前要写一个@符号
$timezone = timezone_open('Asia/HONG_KONG'); // 设置时区
$obj->setTimezone($timezone);
echo $obj->format("Y-m-d H:i:s"); // 2050-12-31 23:59:59
// 而且DateTime还可以有其他玩法
$obj = new DateTime("2050-12-31 23:59:59");
echo $obj->format("Y/m/d H:i:s"); // 换种方式输入时间字符串2050/12/31 23:59:59
var_dump(strtotime("2050-12-31 23:59:59"));//false
更多
浮点数那些事儿
https://eev.ee/blog/2012/04/0...
http://bayescafe.com/php/the-...
http://bayescafe.com/php/yueb...
https://www.unphp.net/api/
https://blog.zsxsoft.com/post/30
http://coffeephp.com/articles/4
http://me.veekun.com/blog/201...
https://jingxin.me/blog/blog/...
https://juejin.im/post/5a3332...
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/xw...
十个 PHP 开发者最容易犯的错误 https://segmentfault.com/a/11...
PHP弱类型引发的漏洞实例 http://www.freebuf.com/articl...
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