2

先上一段简单的demo,本文根据此demo进行解析

Vue.use(VueRouter)
const router = new VueRouter({
    routes: [
        { path: '/home', component: {template: '<div>home</div>'}}
    ]
})
new Vue({
    'el':'#app',
    router,
    template: `
    <div id="app">
      <h1>Basic</h1><router-view class="view"></router-view>
    </div>
    `
})

vue源码解析(五)中介绍过,Vue.use(VueRouter)其实主要调用了VueRouter.install(Vue)方法

function install (Vue) {
  //挂载全局的钩子函数到Vue,vue对象初始化会调用下面的函数
  Vue.mixin({
    beforeCreate: function beforeCreate () {
      if (isDef(this.$options.router)) {
        // _routerRoot为当前vue对象
        this._routerRoot = this;
        // _router为new Vue传入的VueRouter对象
        this._router = this.$options.router;
        //调用 VueRouter.protoype.init,后面介绍
        this._router.init(this);
        // 设置响应式的_route,this._router.history.current为当前页面的路由信息
        Vue.util.defineReactive(this, '_route', this._router.history.current);
      } else {
        this._routerRoot = (this.$parent && this.$parent._routerRoot) || this;
      }
    }
  });
  //全局注册组件
  Vue.component('router-view', View);
  Vue.component('router-link', Link);
}
// 全局组件router-view的参数
var View = {
  name: 'router-view',
  functional: true,
  props: {
    name: {
      type: String,
      default: 'default'
    }
  },
  render: function render (_, ref){}
}

install方法主要是挂载钩子函数和全局注册组件,全局注册的组件router-view的值如下,
clipboard.png

再看一下router = new VueRouter的过程

var VueRouter = function VueRouter (options) {
  this.options = options;
  //默认使用hash进行前端路由
  var mode = options.mode || 'hash';
  switch (mode) {
    case 'history':
      this.history = new HTML5History(this, options.base);
      break
    case 'hash':
      this.history = new HashHistory(this, options.base, this.fallback);
      break
  }
}
//  HashHistory 和 HTML5History都是继承History
var HashHistory = (function (History$$1) {
  function HashHistory (router, base, fallback) {
    History$$1.call(this, router, base);
  }

  if ( History$$1 ) HashHistory.__proto__ = History$$1;
  HashHistory.prototype = Object.create( History$$1 && History$$1.prototype );
  HashHistory.prototype.constructor = HashHistory;
  return HashHistory;
}(History));

var History = function History (router, base) {
  // VueRouter实例对象
  this.router = router;
  //base路径
  this.base = normalizeBase(base);
  //当前路由信息,此时是一个空值
  this.current = START;
};

new Vue的过程中会触发挂载的beforeCreate函数,主要是调用了this._router.init(this);
为了更清晰的解析整个流程,假定我们现在访问的页面路径是/home,并且是hash的方式进行路由

VueRouter.prototype.init = function init (app /* Vue component instance */) {
  var history = this.history;

  if (history instanceof HTML5History) {
    history.transitionTo(history.getCurrentLocation());
  } else if (history instanceof HashHistory) {
    var setupHashListener = function () {
      //监听浏览器地址的变更,并调用transitionTo“跳转”到新的路由页面
      history.setupListeners();
    };
    //初始化时调用一次transitionTo,根据当前浏览器地址栏里的path(/home)来激活对应的路由
    history.transitionTo(
      // 初始化值为“/home”
      history.getCurrentLocation(),
      setupHashListener    
    );
  }
};
HashHistory.prototype.setupListeners = function setupListeners () {
   //监听浏览器地址的变更
   window.addEventListener(supportsPushState ? 'popstate' : 'hashchange', function () {
      //实现页面内容的变更,getHash()为变更后的hash路径
      this$1.transitionTo(getHash())
   }
}
//将页面转换到当前真实的路由
History.prototype.transitionTo = function transitionTo (location, onComplete, onAbort) {
  var this$1 = this;
  // 根据location("/home")得到route对象{name: undefined, meta: {…}, path: "/home", hash: "", query: {…}, …}
  var route = this.router.match(location, this.current);
  //confirmTransition实现比较复杂,本文不做介绍,主要会执行下面的回调函数
  this.confirmTransition(route, function () {
    //将histoty.current值更新为route
    this$1.updateRoute(route);
    //执行onComplete(setupHashListener)
    onComplete && onComplete(route);
    //更新浏览器url地址
    this$1.ensureURL();
  }
};

function match (){
  遍历路由配置(本文只有一项配置{ path: '/home', component: {template: '<div>home</div>'}})
  for (var i = 0; i < pathList.length; i++) {
    var path = pathList[i];
    var record$1 = pathMap[path];
    //判断当前路径是否有匹配的路由配置
    if (matchRoute(record$1.regex, location.path, location.params)) {
      return _createRoute(record$1, location, redirectedFrom)
    }
  }
  // no match
  return _createRoute(null, location)
}

function createRoute (record){
  var route = {
    name: location.name || (record && record.name),
    meta: (record && record.meta) || {},
    path: location.path || '/',
    hash: location.hash || '',
    query: query,
    params: location.params || {},
    fullPath: getFullPath(location, stringifyQuery$$1),
    //当前路径匹配的路由配置
    matched: record ? formatMatch(record) : []
  };
  return Object.freeze(route)
}

根据上面的代码逻辑可以分析得出,vue对象初始化时会挂载属性vm._router(记录了整个应用的路由配置信息)和vm._route(记录了当前的路由信息)。vm._route是响应式的,当浏览器路由改变时,vm._route的值也会相应的改变
vm._route的作用是清楚了,但页面内容的变化是怎么实现的呢?下面再介绍下router-view的作用。
Vue源码解析(四)-components组件介绍过,vue初始化时根据template函数生成render函数,本文render函数会调用vm._c('router-view'),_createElement判断router-view是注册过的组件,因此以组件的方式生成vnode,但是router-view生成vnode的过程与Vue源码解析(四)中的方法又有区别

function _createElement(){
    //本例tag=‘router-view’,‘router-view’在components属性中注册过,因此以组件的方式生成vnode
    if (isDef(Ctor = resolveAsset(context.$options, 'components', tag))) {
      //Ctor是router-view的构造函数VueComponent(Vue.component('router-view', View)注册)
      vnode = createComponent(Ctor, data, context, children, tag);
    }
}

function createComponent (Ctor){
    //Ctor 此时已经是构造函数 , 不需要再调用Vue.extend生成
    var baseCtor = context.$options._base;
    if (isObject(Ctor)) {
      Ctor = baseCtor.extend(Ctor);
    }
    // router-view是functional component(见上文图中view的option的值),与用户自定义的component的vnode生成方法有区别
    if (isTrue(Ctor.options.functional)) {
      return createFunctionalComponent(Ctor, propsData, data, context, children)
    }
    //用户自定义component的vnode构造方法
    var vnode = new VNode(
      ("vue-component-" + (Ctor.cid) + (name ? ("-" + name) : '')),
      data, undefined, undefined, undefined, context,
      { Ctor: Ctor, propsData: propsData, listeners: listeners, tag: tag, children:         children } );
}

function createFunctionalComponent (Ctor){
   var options = Ctor.options;
   //主要是调用View.render方法,前文提到过
   var vnode = options.render.call(null, renderContext._c, renderContext);
   return vnode;
}

var View = {
  name: 'router-view',
  functional: true,
  props: {
    name: {
      type: String,
      default: 'default'
    }
  },
  render: function render (_, ref) {
    //Vue实例化对象vm
    var parent = ref.parent;
    // vm._route
    var route = parent.$route;

    var depth = 0;
    //上文提到的createRoute中生成的路由匹配信息
    var matched = route.matched[depth];
    
    // _createElement方法
    var h = parent.$createElement;
    // render empty node if no matched route
    if (!matched) {
      return h()
    }
    // 本文component为{template: "<div>home</div>", _Ctor: {…}, inject: {…}}
    var component = matched.components[name];
    
    //重新调用_createElement,这次是以常规方式生成vnode,后续vnode将渲染成template中的内容
    return h(component, data, children)
  }
};

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