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前言

在上篇博文中,我们已经讲解了过滤器的基本概念,使用以及简单的Servlet应用了。这篇博文主要讲解过滤器的高级应用。。

编码过滤器

目的:解决全站的乱码问题

开发过滤器


    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //将request和response强转成http协议的
        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) resp;

        httpServletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        httpServletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        httpServletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        
        chain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
    }

第一次测试

Servlet1中向浏览器回应中文数据,没有出现乱码。


    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        response.getWriter().write("看完博客点赞!");

    }

这里写图片描述


分析

上面的过滤器是不完善的,因为浏览器用get方式提交给服务器的中文数据,单单靠上面的过滤器是无法完成的!

那么我们需要怎么做呢??我们之前解决get方式的乱码问题是这样的:使用request获取传递过来的数据,经过ISO 8859-1反编码获取得到不是乱码的数据(传到Servlet上的数据已经被ISO 8859-1编码过了,反编码就可以获取原来的数据),再用UTF-8编码,得到中文数据!

参考我之前的博文:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4Njg5MDA5NA==&mid=100000001&idx=6&sn=b0c346d7f17a097525ad106291aad28c&chksm=6bd740005ca0c916f72872122dff3bad8c49f9f690ea51b442b542dbbb654382bb663a01473b&mpshare=1&scene=1&srcid=0206hvswcHK67to1b4tr46AK#rd

在Servlet获取浏览器以GET方式提交过来的中文是乱码的根本原因是:getParameter()方法是以ISO 8859-1的编码来获取浏览器传递过来的数据的,得到的是乱码

既然知道了根本原因,那也好办了:过滤器传递的request对象,使用getParameter()方法的时候,获取得到的是正常的中文数据

也就是说,sun公司为我们提供的request对象是不够用的,因为sun公司提供的request对象使用getParameter()获取get方式提交过来的数据是乱码,于是我们要增强request对象(使得getParameter()获取得到的是中文)!

增强request对象

增强request对象,我们要使用包装设计模式!

包装设计模式的五个步骤:

  • 1、实现与被增强对象相同的接口
  • 2、定义一个变量记住被增强对象
  • 3、定义一个构造器,接收被增强对象
  • 4、覆盖需要增强的方法
  • 5、对于不想增强的方法,直接调用被增强对象(目标对象)的方法

sun公司也知道我们可能对request对象的方法不满意,于是提供了HttpServletRequestWrapper类给我们实现(如果实现HttpServletRequest接口的话,要实现太多的方法了!)



    class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    
        private HttpServletRequest request;
    
        public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
            super(request);
            this.request = request;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String getParameter(String name) {
            String value = this.request.getParameter(name);
    
            if (value == null) {
                return null;
            }
    
            //如果不是get方法的,直接返回就行了
            if (!this.request.getMethod().equalsIgnoreCase("get")) {
                return value;
            }
    
            try {
    
                //进来了就说明是get方法,把乱码的数据
                value = new String(value.getBytes("ISO8859-1"), this.request.getCharacterEncoding());
                return value ;
    
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
    
                throw new RuntimeException("不支持该编码");
            }
    
        }
    }

将被增强的request对象传递给目标资源,那么目标资源使用request调用getParameter()方法的时候,获取得到的就是中文数据,而不是乱码了!


        //将request和response强转成http协议的
        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) resp;

        httpServletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        httpServletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        httpServletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        MyRequest myRequest = new MyRequest(httpServletRequest);

        //传递给目标资源的request是被增强后的。
        chain.doFilter(myRequest, httpServletResponse);

第二次测试

  • 使用get方式传递中文数据给服务器

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Servlet1" method="get">

    <input type="hidden" name="username" value="中国">
    

    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

这里写图片描述


敏感词的过滤器

如果用户输入了敏感词(傻b、尼玛、操蛋等等不文明语言时),我们要将这些不文明用于屏蔽掉,替换成符号!

要实现这样的功能也很简单,用户输入的敏感词肯定是在getParameter()获取的,我们在getParameter()得到这些数据的时候,判断有没有敏感词汇,如果有就替换掉就好了!简单来说:也是要增强request对象

增强request对象


    class MyDirtyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    
        HttpServletRequest request;
    
        //定义一堆敏感词汇
        private List<String> list = Arrays.asList("傻b", "尼玛", "操蛋");
    
        public MyDirtyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
            super(request);
            this.request = request;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String getParameter(String name) {
    
            String value = this.request.getParameter(name);
    
            if (value == null) {
                return null;
            }
    
            //遍历list集合,看看获取得到的数据有没有敏感词汇
            for (String s : list) {
    
                if (s.equals(value)) {
                    value = "*****";
                }
            }
    
            return value ;
        }
    }

开发过滤器


    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //将request和response强转成http协议的
        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) resp;

        MyDirtyRequest dirtyRequest = new MyDirtyRequest(httpServletRequest);

        //传送给目标资源的是被增强后的request对象
        chain.doFilter(dirtyRequest, httpServletResponse);
    }

测试

这里写图片描述


压缩资源过滤器

按照过滤器的执行顺序:执行完目标资源,过滤器后面的代码还会执行。所以,我们在过滤器中可以获取执行完目标资源后的response对象!

我们知道sun公司提供的response对象调用write()方法,是直接把数据返回给浏览器的。我们要想实现压缩的功能,write()方法就不能直接把数据写到浏览器上!

这和上面是类似的,过滤器传递给目标资源的response对象就需要被我们增强,使得目标资源调用writer()方法的时候不把数据直接写到浏览器上

增强response对象

response对象可能会使用PrintWriter或者ServletOutputStream对象来调用writer()方法的,所以我们增强response对象的时候,需要把getOutputSteam和getWriter()重写

    
    class MyResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper{
    
        HttpServletResponse response;
        public MyResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
            super(response);
            this.response = response;
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
            return super.getOutputStream();
        }
    
        @Override
        public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
            return super.getWriter();
        }
    }

接下来,ServletOutputSteam要调用writer()方法,使得它不会把数据写到浏览器上。这又要我们增强一遍了!

增强ServletOutputSteam


    /*增强ServletOutputSteam,让writer方法不把数据直接返回给浏览器*/
    class MyServletOutputStream extends ServletOutputStream{
    
        private ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream;
    
        public MyServletOutputStream(ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream) {
            this.byteArrayOutputStream = byteArrayOutputStream;
        }
    
        //当调用write()方法的时候,其实是把数据写byteArrayOutputSteam上
        @Override
        public void write(int b) throws IOException {
            this.byteArrayOutputStream.write(b);
    
        }
    }

增强PrintWriter

PrintWriter对象就好办了,它本来就是一个包装类,看它的构造方法,我们直接可以把ByteArrayOutputSteam传递给PrintWriter上。

这里写图片描述


    @Override
    public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
        printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(byteArrayOutputStream, this.response.getCharacterEncoding()));

        return printWriter;
    }

获取缓存数据

我们把数据都写在了ByteArrayOutputSteam上了,应该提供方法给外界过去缓存中的数据!


    public byte[] getBuffer() {

        try {

            //防止数据在缓存中,要刷新一下!
            if (printWriter != null) {
                printWriter.close();
            }
            if (byteArrayOutputStream != null) {
                byteArrayOutputStream.flush();
                return byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
            }
            
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

增强response的完整代码


class MyResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper{

    private ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

    private PrintWriter printWriter ;

    private HttpServletResponse response;
    public MyResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
        super(response);
        this.response = response;
    }


    @Override
    public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {

        //这个的ServletOutputSteam对象调用write()方法的时候,把数据是写在byteArrayOutputSteam上的
        return new MyServletOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
    }

    @Override
    public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
        printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(byteArrayOutputStream, this.response.getCharacterEncoding()));

        return printWriter;
    }

    public byte[] getBuffer() {

        try {

            //防止数据在缓存中,要刷新一下!
            if (printWriter != null) {
                printWriter.close();
            }
            if (byteArrayOutputStream != null) {
                byteArrayOutputStream.flush();
                return byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

过滤器


    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {


        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
        MyResponse myResponse = new MyResponse(response);

        //把被增强的response对象传递进去,目标资源调用write()方法的时候就不会直接把数据写在浏览器上了
        chain.doFilter(request, myResponse);

        //得到目标资源想要返回给浏览器的数据
        byte[] bytes = myResponse.getBuffer();

        //输出原来的大小
        System.out.println("压缩前:"+bytes.length);

        
        //使用GZIP来压缩资源,再返回给浏览器
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        GZIPOutputStream gzipOutputStream = new GZIPOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
        gzipOutputStream.write(bytes);
        gzipOutputStream.flush();
        
        //得到压缩后的数据
        byte[] gzip = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
        
        System.out.println("压缩后:" + gzip.length);
        
        //还要设置头,告诉浏览器,这是压缩数据!
        response.setHeader("content-encoding", "gzip");
        response.setContentLength(gzip.length);
        response.getOutputStream().write(gzip);
     
    }

测试

  • 在Servlet上输出一大段文字:
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        response.getWriter().write("fdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuidshdsuifhsd" +
                "uifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuidshdsuif" +
                "hsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuidshd" +
                "suifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuidsh" +
                "dsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuids" +
                "hdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuid" +
                "shdsuifhsduifhsduiffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuids" +
                "hdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhui" +
                "dshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfh" +
                "uidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuids" +
                "fhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuid" +
                "sfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhui" +
                "dsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfh" +
                "uidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusf" +
                "huidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidus" +
                "fhuidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfid" +
                "usfhuidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhf" +
                "idusfhuidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsd" +
                "uifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffff");

    }
  • 效果:

这里写图片描述


HTML转义过滤器

只要把getParameter()获取得到的数据转义一遍,就可以完成功能了。

增强request



class MyHtmlRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{

    private HttpServletRequest request;

    public MyHtmlRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        super(request);
        this.request = request;
    }


    @Override
    public String getParameter(String name) {

        String value = this.request.getParameter(name);
        return this.Filter(value);
        
    }

    public String Filter(String message) {
        if (message == null)
            return (null);

        char content[] = new char[message.length()];
        message.getChars(0, message.length(), content, 0);
        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(content.length + 50);
        for (int i = 0; i < content.length; i++) {
            switch (content[i]) {
                case '<':
                    result.append("&lt;");
                    break;
                case '>':
                    result.append("&gt;");
                    break;
                case '&':
                    result.append("&amp;");
                    break;
                case '"':
                    result.append("&quot;");
                    break;
                default:
                    result.append(content[i]);
            }
        }
        return (result.toString());
        
    }
    
}

过滤器





    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {



        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
        MyHtmlRequest myHtmlRequest = new MyHtmlRequest(request);

        //传入的是被增强的request!
        chain.doFilter(myHtmlRequest, response);

    }

测试

jsp代码:


    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Servlet1" method="post">
    
    
        <input type="hidden" name="username" value="<h1>你好i好<h1>">
    
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>

Servlet代码:


    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        String value = request.getParameter("username");
        response.getWriter().write(value);

    }

这里写图片描述


缓存数据到内存中

在前面我们已经做过了,让浏览器不缓存数据【验证码的图片是不应该缓存的】。

现在我们要做的是:缓存数据到内存中【如果某个资源重复使用,不轻易变化,应该缓存到内存中】

这个和压缩数据的Filter非常类似的,因为让数据不直接输出给浏览器,把数据用一个容器(ByteArrayOutputSteam)存起来。如果已经有缓存了,就取缓存的。没有缓存就执行目标资源!

增强response对象

class MyResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper {

    private ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

    private PrintWriter printWriter ;

    private HttpServletResponse response;
    public MyResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
        super(response);
        this.response = response;
    }


    @Override
    public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {

        //这个的ServletOutputSteam对象调用write()方法的时候,把数据是写在byteArrayOutputSteam上的
        return new MyServletOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
    }

    @Override
    public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
        printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(byteArrayOutputStream, this.response.getCharacterEncoding()));

        return printWriter;
    }

    public byte[] getBuffer() {

        try {

            //防止数据在缓存中,要刷新一下!
            if (printWriter != null) {
                printWriter.close();
            }
            if (byteArrayOutputStream != null) {
                byteArrayOutputStream.flush();
                return byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}


//增强ServletOutputSteam,让writer方法不把数据直接返回给浏览器

class MyServletOutputStream extends ServletOutputStream {

    private ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream;

    public MyServletOutputStream(ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream) {
        this.byteArrayOutputStream = byteArrayOutputStream;
    }

    //当调用write()方法的时候,其实是把数据写byteArrayOutputSteam上
    @Override
    public void write(int b) throws IOException {
        this.byteArrayOutputStream.write(b);

    }
}

过滤器



    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //定义一个Map集合,key为页面的地址,value为内存的缓存
        Map<String, byte[]> map = new HashMap<>();

        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;

        //得到客户端想要请求的资源
        String uri = request.getRequestURI();
        byte[] bytes = map.get(uri);

        //如果有缓存,直接返回给浏览器就行了,就不用执行目标资源了
        if (bytes != null) {
            response.getOutputStream().write(bytes);
            return ;
        }

        //如果没有缓存,就让目标执行
        MyResponse myResponse = new MyResponse(response);
        chain.doFilter(request, myResponse);

        //得到目标资源想要发送给浏览器的数据
        byte[] b = myResponse.getBuffer();

        //把数据存到集合中
        map.put(uri, b);

        //把数据返回给浏览器
        response.getOutputStream().write(b);


    }

测试

尽管是刷新,获取得到的也是从缓存拿到的数据!

这里写图片描述


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