插入排序

def insert_sort(list):
    n = len(list)
    for i in range(1, n):
        key = list[i]
        for j in range(i-1, -1, -1):
            if list[j] > key:
                list[j+1], list[j] = list[j], key
            else:
                break
    return list
   
print(insert_sort([3, 2, 5, 1, 4]))

希尔(缩小增量)排序

算法课没有讲希尔排序,所以记录一下其思想和复杂度分析

该方法的基本思想是:先将整个待排元素序列分割成若干个子序列(由相隔某个“增量”的元素组成的)分别进行直接插入排序,然后依次缩减增量再进行排序,待整个序列中的元素基本有序(增量足够小)时,再对全体元素进行一次直接插入排序。因为直接插入排序在元素基本有序的情况下(接近最好情况),效率是很高的,因此希尔排序在时间效率上比前两种方法有较大提高。

时间复杂度与步长选择有关,最坏情况下 $$ O(n^2) $$
不稳定

gap 替换插入排序中的 1

def shell_sort(list):
    n = len(list)
    gap = n // 2
    while gap > 0:
        for i in range(gap, n, gap):
            key = list[i]
            for j in range(i-gap, -1, -gap):
                if key < list[j]:
                    list[j+gap], list[j] = list[j], key
                else:
                    break
        gap //= 2
    return list

快排

def quick_sort(list, left, right):
    if left >= right:
        return list
    key = list[right]
    high = right - 1
    low = left
    while low <= high:
        if list[low] > key:
            list[low], list[high] = list[high], list[low]
            high -= 1
        else:
            low += 1
    list[low], list[right] = list[right], list[low]
    quick_sort(list, left, low-1)
    quick_sort(list, low+1, right)
    return list
print(quick_sort([3, 2, 5, 1, 4, 6, 8, 7], 0, 7))

堆排序

def adjust_heap(list, i, n):
    lchild = 2 * i + 1
    rchild = 2 * i + 2
    max = i
    if lchild < n and list[lchild] > list[max]:
        max = lchild
    if rchild < n and list[rchild] > list[max]:
        max = rchild
    if max != i:
        list[i], list[max] = list[max], list[i]
        adjust_heap(list, max, n)
        
def build_heap(list, n):
    for i in range(int(n/2)-1, -1, -1):
        adjust_heap(list, i, n)

def heap_sort(list):
    build_heap(list, len(list))
    for i in range(len(list)-1, -1, -1):
        list[0], list[i] = list[i], list[0]
        adjust_heap(list, 0, i)
    return list
list = [3, 2, 5, 1, 4, 6, 8, 7]
print(heap_sort(list))

归并排序

自顶向下的递归实现:
$$T(n)=2T\left(\frac{n}{2}\right)+O(n)$$
$$\Rightarrow T(n)=O(n\log n)$$

def merge(list1, list2):
    res = []
    n, m = len(list1), len(list2)
    i, j = 0, 0
    while i < n and j < m:
        if list1[i] < list2[j]:
            res.append(list1[i])
            i += 1
        else:
            res.append(list2[j])
            j += 1
    res += list1[i:]
    res += list2[j:]
    return res

def merge_sort(list):
    n = len(list)
    if n <= 1:
        return list
    left = merge_sort(list[:n//2])
    right = merge_sort(list[n//2:])
    return merge(left, right)

__AllenZ__
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