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三栏布局,面试与工作中的常见布局。分左中右三部分,其中左右宽度已知,中间宽度自适应。
根据不同的DOM顺序与CSS处理,这里写下了五类布局方式。

一、浮动布局

1 圣杯布局

L:“我问你,你就是我的Master吗?”
……

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>圣杯布局</title>
    <style>
      html * {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
      .content {
        padding:0px 200px;
        overflow: hidden;
      }
      .left, .center, .right {
        position:relative;
        min-height:160px;
      }
      .left{
        width:200px;
        margin-left:-100%;
        float:left;
        left:-200px;
        background-color:deepskyblue;
      }
      .center {
        width:100%;
        float:left;
        background-color:gray;
      }
      .right {
        width:200px;
        margin-left:-100%;
        float:right;
        right:-200px;
        background-color:pink;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <section class="content">
      <div class="center">
        <h1>圣杯布局</h1>
      </div>
      <div class="left"></div>
      <div class="right"></div>
    </section>
  </body>
</html>

2 双飞翼布局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>双飞翼布局</title>
    <style>
      html * {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
      .content {
        overflow: hidden;
      }
      .left, .center, .right {
        min-height:160px;
      }
      .left{
        width:200px;
        margin-left:-100%;
        float:left;
        background-color:deepskyblue;
      }
      .center {
        width:100%;
        float:left;
        background-color:gray;
      }
      .right {
        width:200px;
        margin-left:-100%;
        float:right;
        background-color:pink;
      }
      .center-inner {
        margin:0px 200px
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <section class="content">
      <div class="center">
        <div class="center-inner">
          <h1>双飞翼布局</h1>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="left"></div>
      <div class="right"></div>
    </section>
  </body>
</html>

3 浮动布局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Float布局</title>
    <style>
      html * {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
      .left,
      .center,
      .right {
        min-height: 160px;
      }
      .left {
        width: 200px;
        float: left;
        background-color: deepskyblue;
      }
      .center {
        background-color: gray;
      }
      .right {
        width: 200px;
        float: right;
        background-color: pink;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <section class="content">
      <div class="left"></div>
      <div class="right"></div>
      <div class="center">
        <h1>中间部分的内容</h1>
      </div>
    </section>
  </body>
</html>

这样会有个问题,就是center高度大于两侧的时候,会duang的蔓延到两侧,像这样:
图片描述

相应的,为了让页面成为我们需要的样子,引入了两个解决方案。

BFC修正
图片描述

L:“我问你,你这里是不是有什么问题?(指着脑袋)”
……
BFC(Block Fromatting Context),直译就是块级格式化上下文。
先知其然吧,概念差不多又需要整理一篇文章。用了它,内外部元素渲染互不影响,center就不会蔓延到两侧了。
具体代码:

.center{
  overflow:hidden;
  background-color: gray;
}

Margin修正

.center{
  margin: 0 200px;
  background-color: gray;
}

二、Flex布局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Flex布局</title>
    <style>
      html * {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
      .content {
        width:100%;
        display:flex;
        min-height:160px;
      }
      .left{
        flex-basis: 200px;
        background-color:deepskyblue;
      }
      .center {
        flex-grow:1;
        background-color:gray;
      }
      .right {
        flex-basis: 200px;
        background-color:pink;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <section class="content">
      <div class="left"></div>
      <div class="center">
        <h1>Flex布局</h1>
      </div>
      <div class="right"></div>
    </section>
  </body>
</html>

三、绝对定位布局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>绝对定位布局</title>
    <style>
      html * {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
      .content {
        position:relative;
        overflow: hidden;
      }
      .left, .center, .right {
        min-height:160px;
      }
      .left{
        position:absolute;
        width:200px;
        top:0px;
        left:0px;
        background-color:deepskyblue;
      }
      .center {
        margin:0px 200px;
        background-color:gray;
      }
      .right {
        position:absolute;
        width:200px;
        top:0px;
        right:0px;
        background-color:pink;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <section class="content">
      <div class="left"></div>
      <div class="center">
        <h1>绝对定位布局</h1>
      </div>
      <div class="right"></div>
    </section>
  </body>
</html>

四、Table布局

现在很少人用的table标签

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Table布局</title>
    <style>
      html * {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
      .content {
        width:100%;
      }
      .left{
        width:200px;
        background-color:deepskyblue;
      }
      .center {
        background-color:gray;
      }
      .right {
        width:200px;
        background-color:pink;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <table class="content" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="160px">
      <tr>
        <td class="left"></td>
        <td class="center">Table布局</td>
        <td class="right"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
  </body>
</html>

display:table-cell与上面一个意思

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>table-cell</title>
    <style>
      html * {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
      .content {
        display:table;
        width:100%;
        height:160px;
      }
      .left, .center, .right {
        display:table-cell;
      }
      .left{
        width:200px;
        background-color:deepskyblue;
      }
      .center {
        background-color:gray;
      }
      .right {
        width:200px;
        background-color:pink;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <section class="content">
      <div class="left"></div>
      <div class="center">
        <h1>table-cell</h1>
      </div>
      <div class="right"></div>
    </section>
  </body>
</html>

五、网格布局

如果说flex用于一维,grid就是用于二维的。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>网格布局</title>
    <style>
      html * {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
      .content {
        display: grid;
        width: 100%;
        grid-template-rows: 160px;
        grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 200px;
      }
      .left{
        background-color:deepskyblue;
      }
      .center {
        background-color:gray;
      }
      .right {
        background-color:pink;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <section class="content">
      <div class="left"></div>
      <div class="center">
        <h1>网格布局</h1>
      </div>
      <div class="right"></div>
    </section>
  </body>
</html>

好了,后续再来说一下各自的优缺点。

你一赞,我一赞,开开心心去吃饭~??


leefat
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