Linux 压缩命令与解压脚本

后缀	工具	压缩	解压
.tar	tar	tar cvf FileName.tar DirName	tar xvf FileName.tar
.gz	gzip	gzip FileName	gzip -d FileName.gz
.bz2	bzip2	bzip2 -z FileName	bzip2 -d FileName.bz2
.Z	compress	compress FileName	compress -d FileName.Z
.xz	xz	xz -z FileName	xz -d FileName.xz
.zip	(un)zip	zip FileName.zip DirName	unzip FileName.zip
.rar	rar	rar a FileName.rar DirName	rar x FileName.rar
.lha	lha	lha -a FileName.lha FileName	lha -e FileName.lha
.tar.gz	tar+	tar zcvf FileName.tar.gz DirName	tar zxvf FileName.tar.gz
.tgz	tar+	tar zcvf FileName.tar.gz DirName	tar zxvf FileName.tar.gz
.tar.bz2	tar+	tar jcvf FileName.tar.bz2 DirName	tar jxvf FileName.tar.bz2
.tar.Z	tar+	tar Zcvf FileName.tar.Z DirName	tar Zxvf FileName.tar.Z
.tar.xz	tar+	tar Jcvf FileName.tar.xz DirName	tar Jxvf FileName.tar.xz

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Linux 的解压命令太繁琐了，即便是运维老司机也会感到头痛，这里我分享一个 Shell 脚本，可以一键解压以下格式的文件：

.zip, .rar, .bz2, .gz, .tar, .tbz2, .tgz, .Z, .7z, .xz, .exe, .tar.bz2, .tar.gz, .tar.xz, .arj, .cab, .chm, .deb, .dmg, .iso, .lzh, .msi, .rpm, .udf, .wim, .xar .cpio, .cbr, .cbz, .cb7, .cbt, .cba

SAVEIFS=$IFS
IFS=$(echo -en "\n\b")

function extract {
 if [ -z "$1" ]; then
    # display usage if no parameters given
    echo "Usage: extract <path/file_name>.<zip|rar|bz2|gz|tar|tbz2|tgz|Z|7z|xz|ex|tar.bz2|tar.gz|tar.xz>"
    echo "       extract <path/file_name_1.ext> [path/file_name_2.ext] [path/file_name_3.ext]"
 else
    for n in "$@"
    do
      if [ -f "$n" ] ; then
          case "${n%,}" in
            *.cbt|*.tar.bz2|*.tar.gz|*.tar.xz|*.tbz2|*.tgz|*.txz|*.tar) 
                         tar xvf "$n"       ;;
            *.lzma)      unlzma ./"$n"      ;;
            *.bz2)       bunzip2 ./"$n"     ;;
            *.cbr|*.rar)       unrar x -ad ./"$n" ;;
            *.gz)        gunzip ./"$n"      ;;
            *.cbz|*.epub|*.zip)       unzip ./"$n"       ;;
            *.z)         uncompress ./"$n"  ;;
            *.7z|*.arj|*.cab|*.cb7|*.chm|*.deb|*.dmg|*.iso|*.lzh|*.msi|*.pkg|*.rpm|*.udf|*.wim|*.xar)
                         7z x ./"$n"        ;;
            *.xz)        unxz ./"$n"        ;;
            *.exe)       cabextract ./"$n"  ;;
            *.cpio)      cpio -id < ./"$n"  ;;
            *.cba|*.ace)      unace x ./"$n"      ;;
            *)
                         echo "extract: '$n' - unknown archive method"
                         return 1
                         ;;
          esac
      else
          echo "'$n' - file does not exist"
          return 1
      fi
    done
fi
}

IFS=$SAVEIFS

安装步骤：

1. 编辑 .bashrc 文件：vim ~/.bashrc
2. 复制 Shell 代码到 .bashrc 文件
3. 启动 bash shell：source ~/.bashrc

解压测试：

1. 下载 Python 源码包：wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tar.xz
2. 解压 tar.xz 文件：extract Python-3.7.0.tar.xz