1.什么是异常

  • 异常与错误有区别:异常可以被捕获,而错误有时候无法被捕获,语法错误会被IDE检查到,但是逻辑错误无法被知晓;
  • 异常的产生有两种方式:使用raise语句,显式的抛出异常,还有一种是由于代码错误,解释器抛出的异常,如果没有进行异常捕获,就会中断程序的运行;

2.如何捕获异常

try:
    # 这里会抛出异常,因为0不能被整除
    a = 1 / 0    
except Exception:
    print('异常')
  • 捕捉异常可以使用try/except语句;
  • try: 需要被捕获异常的代码块;
  • except :处理捕获到的异常;

3.异常的参数

  • 一个异常可以带上参数,可作为输出的异常信息参数,可以通过except语句来捕获异常的参数;

4.异常的继承关系

BaseException
 +-- SystemExit
 +-- KeyboardInterrupt
 +-- GeneratorExit
 +-- Exception
      +-- StopIteration
      +-- StopAsyncIteration
      +-- ArithmeticError
      |    +-- FloatingPointError
      |    +-- OverflowError
      |    +-- ZeroDivisionError
      +-- AssertionError
      +-- AttributeError
      +-- BufferError
      +-- EOFError
      +-- ImportError
      |    +-- ModuleNotFoundError
      +-- LookupError
      |    +-- IndexError
      |    +-- KeyError
      +-- MemoryError
      +-- NameError
      |    +-- UnboundLocalError
      +-- OSError
      |    +-- BlockingIOError
      |    +-- ChildProcessError
      |    +-- ConnectionError
      |    |    +-- BrokenPipeError
      |    |    +-- ConnectionAbortedError
      |    |    +-- ConnectionRefusedError
      |    |    +-- ConnectionResetError
      |    +-- FileExistsError
      |    +-- FileNotFoundError
      |    +-- InterruptedError
      |    +-- IsADirectoryError
      |    +-- NotADirectoryError
      |    +-- PermissionError
      |    +-- ProcessLookupError
      |    +-- TimeoutError
      +-- ReferenceError
      +-- RuntimeError
      |    +-- NotImplementedError
      |    +-- RecursionError
      +-- SyntaxError
      |    +-- IndentationError
      |         +-- TabError
      +-- SystemError
      +-- TypeError
      +-- ValueError
      |    +-- UnicodeError
      |         +-- UnicodeDecodeError
      |         +-- UnicodeEncodeError
      |         +-- UnicodeTranslateError
      +-- Warning
           +-- DeprecationWarning
           +-- PendingDeprecationWarning
           +-- RuntimeWarning
           +-- SyntaxWarning
           +-- UserWarning
           +-- FutureWarning
           +-- ImportWarning
           +-- UnicodeWarning
           +-- BytesWarning
           +-- ResourceWarning

5.常用异常类介绍

  • BaseException:所有异常类的基类都是BaseException;
  • Exception:所有内建,非系统退出的异常类的基类,所有自定义异常类需要继承Exception;
  • SystemExit:解释器请求退出;
  • KeyboardInterrupt:用户中断执行(通常是输入^C);
  • Exception:常规错误的基类;
  • 自定义异常
class XKDException(ArithmeticError):
    def __init__(self, ):
        pass

6.一个完整的异常捕获

try:
    a = 1
    b = 0
    result = a / b
except ArithmeticError:
    print('ArithmeticError')
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
else:
    print('ok')
finally:
    print(a)
    print(b)

参考:https://www.9xkd.com/user/pla...


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关于Python学习的一些小知识


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