一、$().trigger()和$().triggerHandler() 的作用和区别

(1)trigger("focus") 触发被选元素上的指定事件(focus)以及事件的默认行为(比如表单提交);
triggerHandler(xxx) 不会引起事件(比如表单提交)的默认行为

(2)trigger(xxx) 触发所有匹配元素的指定事件;
triggerHandler(xxx) 只触发第一个匹配元素的指定事件

(3)trigger(xxx) 会冒泡;
triggerHandler(xxx) 不会冒泡

二、$().trigger()

 $("#one").on("click",function () {
   console.log("one被点击了")
 })
  
 $("#one").trigger('click')

作用:
看 一、(1)

源码:

    //触发type事件,data是自定义事件的额外参数
    //源码9014行
    trigger: function( type, data ) {
      return this.each( function() {
        jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this );
      } );
    },

解析:
本质是调用的jQuery.event.trigger()方法

三、jQuery.event.trigger()

源码:

    //源码8850行
    //type, data, this
    trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) {
      var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement,
        //冒泡路径数组
        eventPath = [ elem || document ],
        //判断event是否有'type'属性,有则取event.type,没有则取event
        type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event,
        //同上
        namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : [];

      //当前元素
      cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document;
      //文本内容或者是注释则不触发事件
      // Don't do events on text and comment nodes
      if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) {
        return;
      }
      //由focus/blur转变到focusin/out,现在不触发focus/blur事件
      // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now

      //rfocusMorph:focusin focus|focusout blur
      if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) {
        return;
      }
      //可以不看
      if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) {

        // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle()
        namespaces = type.split( "." );
        type = namespaces.shift();
        namespaces.sort();
      }
      //onclick,onfocus等等
      ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type;
      //event一般是字符串,所以一般是undefined
      //获取对应type类型的jQuery.event
      // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string
      event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ?
        event :
        //click,false
        new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event );

      // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true)
      //onlyHandlers一般为undefined
      //3
      event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3;
      //""
      event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." );
      //null
      event.rnamespace = event.namespace ?
        new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) :
        null;
      //清空event以防它被复用
      // Clean up the event in case it is being reused
      event.result = undefined;
      //target属性为目标DOM元素
      //我们一般取的e.target.value,也正是目标元素的值
      if ( !event.target ) {
        event.target = elem;
      }
      //复制data并预先考虑event,创建handler集合
      // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list

      //简单点,就是 data=[event]
      data = data == null ?
        [ event ] :
        jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] );

      //赋值有需要特殊处理的type
      // Allow special events to draw outside the lines
      special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};

      if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) {
        return;
      }

      //提前确定事件冒泡的路径
      // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951)
      //冒泡至document,再到window;关注全局的ownerDocument
      // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724)
      if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) {
        //click
        bubbleType = special.delegateType || type;

        //clickclick
        //如果不是focus/blur的话,获取它的父元素
        if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) {
          cur = cur.parentNode;
        }
        //for循环的语法(a; b; c)
        //a在单次循环开始前执行
        //b是单次循环的条件(这里即cur存在)
        //c是单次循环结束后执行
        for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) {
          console.log(cur,'cur8967')
          //将目标元素的祖先元素都push进数组
          eventPath.push( cur );
          tmp = cur;
        }
        //只有当tmp是document时,将window加上
        // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM)
        if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) {
          eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window );
        }
      }
      //触发冒泡机制
      // Fire handlers on the event path
      i = 0;
      //e.stopPropagation()这是阻止冒泡的方法
      //isPropagationStopped() 检查是否阻止冒泡了,返回boolean
      while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
        lastElement = cur;
        event.type = i > 1 ?
          bubbleType :
          special.bindType || type;
        console.log(i,'lastElement8987')
        // jQuery handler
        //( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ]
        // 先判断cur元素的events是否有绑定click
        //dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ) 
        //再获取cur元素的click事件处理程序
        //获取目标元素的触发事件的事件处理程序
        handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] &&
          //获取触发事件的处理程序
          dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" );
        /*让冒泡元素执行handle,这行代码是触发冒泡机制的关键*/
        /*在执行click事件的处理程序后,自然就会执行e.stopPropagation(),
        * 从而让event.isPropagationStopped()=true*/
        if ( handle ) {
          handle.apply( cur, data );
        }
        //接下来处理原生的事件及处理程序
        //click为onclick
        // Native handler
        handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ];
        //如果有绑定原生onclick事件的话
        if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) {
          //执行onclick事件的处理程序
          event.result = handle.apply( cur, data );
          if ( event.result === false ) {
            //阻止元素的默认行为(如提交表单submit)
            event.preventDefault();
          }
        }
      }
      
      event.type = type;
      //如果没有人阻止默认行为的话,现在就阻止
      /*比如触发<a>的click事件,但不会跳转*/
      // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now
      if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) {
        if ( ( !special._default ||
          special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) &&
          acceptData( elem ) ) {
          //在目标上,用重复的命名调用原生DOM事件,会在window层面上影响其他元素
          // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event.
          // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170)
          if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) {
            //当我们触发FOO事件(如click)时,不要重复触发它的onFOO(onclick)事件
            // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method
            tmp = elem[ ontype ];
            //将jQuery对象的onclick属性置为null
            //比如<a>就不会去跳转了
            if ( tmp ) {
              elem[ ontype ] = null;
            }
            //阻止重复触发同样的事件,因为我们已经把它冒泡了
            // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above
            jQuery.event.triggered = type;
            //如果已经执行阻止冒泡了,则为window添加阻止冒泡的监听
            if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
              lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback );
            }
            console.log(elem[ type ],'type9053')
            //执行type事件
            elem[ type ]();
            if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
              lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback );
            }

            jQuery.event.triggered = undefined;

            if ( tmp ) {
              elem[ ontype ] = tmp;
            }

          }
        }
      }
      return event.result;
    },

解析:

(1)trigger()的冒泡机制的实现

if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) )中,通过eventPath存储目标元素的祖先元素:

        //clickclick
        //如果不是focus/blur的话,获取它的父元素
        if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) {
          cur = cur.parentNode;
        }
        //for循环的语法(a; b; c)
        //a在单次循环开始前执行
        //b是单次循环的条件(这里即cur存在)
        //c是单次循环结束后执行
        for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) {
          console.log(cur,'cur8967')
          //将目标元素的祖先元素都push进数组
          eventPath.push( cur );
          tmp = cur;
        }
        //只有当tmp是document时,将window加上
        // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM)
        if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) {
          eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window );
        }

通过eventPath.push(cur. parentNode)将冒泡元素装进数组中,并通过while循环触发冒泡机制

      //触发冒泡机制
      // Fire handlers on the event path
      i = 0;
      //e.stopPropagation()这是阻止冒泡的方法
      //isPropagationStopped() 检查是否阻止冒泡了,返回boolean
      while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
        lastElement = cur;
        event.type = i > 1 ?
          bubbleType :
          special.bindType || type;
        console.log(i,'lastElement8987')
        // jQuery handler
        //( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ]
        // 先判断cur元素的events是否有绑定click
        //dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ) 
        //再获取cur元素的click事件处理程序
        //获取目标元素的触发事件的事件处理程序
        handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] &&
          //获取触发事件的处理程序
          dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" );
        /*让冒泡元素执行handle,这行代码是触发冒泡机制的关键*/
        /*在执行click事件的处理程序后,自然就会执行e.stopPropagation(),
        * 从而让event.isPropagationStopped()=true*/
        if ( handle ) {
          handle.apply( cur, data );
        }
        //接下来处理原生的事件及处理程序
        //click为onclick
        // Native handler
        handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ];
        //如果有绑定原生onclick事件的话
        if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) {
          //执行onclick事件的处理程序
          event.result = handle.apply( cur, data );
          if ( event.result === false ) {
            //阻止元素的默认行为(如提交表单submit)
            event.preventDefault();
          }
        }
      }

关键代码是handle.apply( cur, data ),它用来执行cur元素的事件的处理程序。

(2)通过e.stopPropagation()来阻止冒泡的原理:

<body>
<script src="jQuery.js"></script>
<div id="one">这是one</div>
<script>
    $("#one").click(function(e){
      //将handle.apply( cur, data );注释后,冒泡不生效
      e.stopPropagation()
      console.log('one被点击了')
    })

    $("body").click(function(){
      console.log('body被点击了')
    })
    //执行trigger()后,会打印one被点击了和body被点击了
    $("#one").trigger('click')
</script>
</body>

① 上面这段代码会先执行$("#one").trigger('click')

② trigger()里会执行到上面(1)的handle.apply( cur, data );,而handle会执行$("#one")click事件的处理程序:

      e.stopPropagation()
      console.log('one被点击了')

e.stopPropagation()走的是这里:

  //event的属性赋值
  //源码5749行
  jQuery.Event.prototype = {
    constructor: jQuery.Event,
    //xxx
    isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, //false
    //xxx
    //xxx
    //当执行e.stopPropagation()后走这边
    //源码5767行
    stopPropagation: function() {
      var e = this.originalEvent;
      //isPropagationStopped方法返回true
      this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue;

      if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) {
        e.stopPropagation();
      }
    },
}

最后让isPropagationStopped()方法返回true

④ 注意:$().trigger()里的event也就是click里的event,所以会影响到while循环地判断,从而达到阻止冒泡循环的 目的

while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { }

⑤ 为什么说click里的event$().trigger()里的event

     //event一般是字符串,所以一般是undefined
      //获取对应type类型的jQuery.event
      // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string
      event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ?
        event :
        //click,false
        new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event );

因为 event 是根据type(click)类型生成的,所以trigger里的event的部分属性和clickevent属性相同。

(3)原生js绑定的事件的执行,如onclick

    $("#one").click(function(e){
      console.log('one被点击了')
    })

    document.getElementById("one").onclick=function(){
      console.log('onclick被点击了')
    }

还是在while循环中:

        //接下来处理原生的事件及处理程序
        //click为onclick
        // Native handler
        handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ];
        //如果有绑定原生onclick事件的话
        if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) {
          //执行onclick事件的处理程序
          event.result = handle.apply( cur, data );
          if ( event.result === false ) {
            //阻止元素的默认行为(如提交表单submit)
            event.preventDefault();
          }
        }

也就是说:
在冒泡循环机制中,在执行完jQuery绑定的handler后,会接着执行原生JS 绑定的handler

(4)rfocusMorph

  //匹配focusinfocus或者focusoutblur
  //源码8872行
  var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,

(5)jQuery.makeArray()

作用:
用于将一个类似数组的对象转换为真正的数组对象

注意:
类数组对象具有许多数组的属性(例如length属性,[]数组访问运算符等),不过它毕竟不是数组,缺少从数组的原型对象上继承下来的内置方法(例如:pop()、reverse()等)。

源码:

    //结果仅供内部使用
    // results is for internal usage only
    //源码442行
    makeArray: function( arr, results ) {
      var ret = results || [];

      if ( arr != null ) {
        //Object()等效于new Object()
        //先将arr转为对象类型,因为js中的array是Object
        if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) {
          //将second合并到first后面
          jQuery.merge( ret,
            typeof arr === "string" ?
              [ arr ] : arr
          );
        } else {
          //ret.push(arr)
          push.call( ret, arr );
        }
      }
      //返回array
      return ret;
    },

$.isArrayLike

作用:
判断是不是类数组

源码:

  //判断是不是类数组
  //源码561行
  function isArrayLike( obj ) {

    // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator)
    // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145)
    // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives
    // regarding Nodelist length in IE
    //后两个是兼容性考虑的判断
    var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length,
      //obj类型
      type = toType( obj );

    if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) {
      return false;
    }

    return type === "array" || length === 0 ||
      typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj;
  }

(6)最后一个if,触发trigger()时,阻止jQuery元素的默认行为

if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ){
xxx
xxx
}

综上,trigger一共做了三件事:

(1)触发冒泡机制
(2)触发原生绑定事件
(3)阻止元素默认行为

最后,附上自己整理的触发 trigger() 的流程图:


(完)


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